Edible Changing Rock (Starbursts)

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Hour: Lab Conduct Grade: Edible Changing Rock (Starbursts) Most rocks are made of minerals. All rock begin as igneous rock which is formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies. The minerals in the molten rock join together and crystalize during the cooling process and this is how the rock is formed. Candies are made of sugar, colorings, flavorings, etc. These ingredients are heated then as they cool they form together into the candy. Analogy: Compare the candy to rocks: The minerals in a rock would be like the in the candy. A solid rock would be like a piece of. During this lab we will transform our candies into the three types of rocks. First, let s review how the three main types of rock are formed: 1. Igneous rocks: Deep in the earth the temperatures are very hot hot enough to melt rock. When this melted or molten rock cools and solidifies, igneous rocks are formed. 2. Sedimentary rocks: Sediments such as sand, gravel, clay and silt are formed when uplift happens then wind and/or water weathers (break down) rocks. Pieces of plant and animal remains may be mixed in with these sediments. After erosion (the moving of sediments) the sediments deposit in an area (called deposition) and begin to form layers on top of each other. Bottom layers get pushed down by top layers. With enough compacting and cementing, (called lithification) these sediment layers form sedimentary rock. Minerals form between the sediments and help cement the sediments together. 3. Metamorphic rock: Due to movements of the tectonic plates, rocks can be pushed downward into the earth. The deeper under the crust the rock is buried, the more heat and pressure it will experience. Pressure can cause the minerals to flatten out, resulting in colored streaks. Heat (but not enough to melt the rock) and pressure can also break the bonds between the atoms, allowing new bonds, therefore new rocks, to form. All this is called metamorphism. Materials: 1. Lab sheet, Edible Rock Cycle Diagram, and pencil 2. 1 paper plate per person 3. 1 piece of foil per person 4. 1 pair of scissors per person 5. 3 different colored Starbursts per person 6. 3 colored pencils (to match your Starbursts colors) 7. 1 text book per table 8. Multiple hot plates set at 5 9. Clorox wipes available roll of paper towels per table

2 DRAW: Open one piece of candy. Because all rocks begin as igneous rocks, our beginning pieces of candy will represent igneous rocks. Opening the candy will represent uplift. Using the correct colored pencil, draw this piece in box #1 on the Edible Rock Cycle Diagram. Change #1: Igneous rocks to Sedimentary rocks: Sedimentary rocks are made of sediments, or small pieces, of rocks due to weathering. To create sedimentary rocks, first we need to turn our igneous rock into sediments. Remember sediments result from weathering, they get eroded (moved) to another location, then they form layers on top of each other: Prep work: Take the piece of foil and fold it in half. You will have to unfold it later, so don t press it together too much. 1 st piece of candy: 1.Take the opened Starburst and use the scissors to cut it into small pieces onto the paper plate. (weathering) 2. Move the sediments to one side of the piece of foil. (erosion) 2 nd piece of candy: 1.Open another Starburst and use the scissors to cut it into small pieces onto the paper plate. (weathering) 2. Move the sediments to the piece of foil (erosion), layering them on top of the other sediments that are already on the foil (deposition). (You may press down on the first layer a little if it helps.) 3 rd piece of candy: 1.Open the last Starburst and use the scissors to cut it into small pieces onto the paper plate. (weathering) 2. Move the sediments to the piece of foil (erosion), layering them on top of the other sediments that are already on the foil (deposition). (You may press down on the first two layers if it helps.) DRAW: Draw what your sediments look like in box #2 on your Edible Rock Cycle Diagram. LABEL: Using the word bank, label arrow A on the Edible Rock Cycle Diagram with the process you used to make the sediments. Now that we have our sediment layers, we need to apply pressure to compact and cement them together in order to turn them into a rock: 1. If your sediments are really loose, use your fingers to push them together so they don t fall when as you move the foil. 2. Fold the other side of the foil over on top of the sediments. 3. With your hand, gently push down on the pile of sediments that are now under the foil. (compacting part of lithification) 4. Gently pull the foil back and look at your sedimentary rock. (If the sediments are not cemented together, refold the foil and press down on them again.) 5. Once your sediments have become compacted and cemented together (lithification) and become one piece, open the foil and observe the sedimentary rock you made! DRAW: Draw what your sedimentary rock looks like in box #3 on your Diagram. LABEL: Using the word bank, label arrow B on your Diagram with the process you used to turn the sediments into a sedimentary rock.

3 Answer the following questions about the rock you just formed. 1. What type of rock did you make? 2. Can you see your original layers? Original sediments? 3. Did the sediments in the layers shift at all? If so, why do you think this happened? You may the information on the front page and the directions you just followed to help you answer #4 - #7. 4. What process did cutting the Starbursts into pieces represent? 5. What process did transferring the sediments from the paper plate to the foil represent? 6. What process did placing the sediments on top of each other on the foil represent? 7. What process did pressing down on the candy pieces represent? (Hint: one word) KEEP YOUR CANDY ON THE FOIL!! Put your candy wrappers and paper plate in a trash can and put the scissors back in their container on your table. Change #2: Sedimentary rock to Metamorphic rock: When Sedimentary rocks are pushed underground, pressure and heat change them. Remember, this is not enough heat to melt them, just to soften them and/or break the bonds between their atoms. Follow the steps below to change your sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock: 1. Place your sedimentary rock in your hands for a while to warm it up a bit. 2. Place it back on the foil and fold the foil back over the rock. 3. Place a book on top of the foil and push down on the book with your hands. 4. Open the foil, warm it up in your hands again, and then fold the candy in half. 5. Place it back on the foil and fold the foil back over the rock again. 6. Place the book on top of the foil again and push down on the book some more with your hands. 7. Remove the book and open the foil. Observe the metamorphic rock you made! DRAW: Draw what your metamorphic rock looks like in box #4 on your Diagram. LABEL: Using the word bank, label arrow C on your Diagram with the process you used to turn the sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock.

4 Answer the following questions about the rock you just formed. 8. What type of rock did you make? 9. Can you see your original layers? 10. Can you see your original sediments? 11. Describe what your metamorphic rock looks like: Change #3: Metamorphic rock to Igneous rock: When rocks are pushed underground deep enough, the heat is so high that it completely melts them. When they cool down and solidify, they become igneous rock. Follow the steps below to change your metamorphic rock into an igneous rock: 1. Pick your rock up off the foil then fold the foil in half. 2. Put the rock back down on the folded foil. 3. Turn the edges of the foil up and create a boat out of the foil. 4. Put another people s rock into the foil boat, so there are 2 rocks in the boat. (You don t want the rocks to touch and you need some space between them.) 5. Carefully place the foil on a hot plate on the back counter. (It should be set to 5.) 6. Watch for the rocks to melt. 7. When the rocks have melted, remove the foil from the hot plate and take it back to your table, being careful not to spill the magma or lava and not to mix them together. (You should be able to touch the top of the edges with your hands. If it seems too hot go tell Ms. Renée.) DRAW: Draw what your magma or lava looks like in box #5 on your Diagram. LABEL: Using the word bank, label arrow D on your Diagram with the process you used to turn the metamorphic rock into a magma or lava. 8. Watch and wait as the magma or lava cools and hardens into an igneous rock. DRAW: Draw what your igneous rock looks like in box #6 on your Diagram. LABEL: Using the word bank, label arrow E on your Diagram with the process that turned the magma or lava into an igneous rock. Answer the following questions about the rock you just formed. 12. What type of rock did you make? 13. Can you see your original colors? Your original layers? 14. Can you see your original sediments? 15. Describe what your igneous rock looks like: You may now eat your rock and clean up!

5 Clean Up: 1. Throw away any trash still at your table into a trash can. 2. Use a Clorox wipe to clean off your table. 3. Use a second Clorox wipe to clean off the scissors as best you can. 4. Place the books, paper towels, and scissors in the center of the table. Answer these questions about the lab and complete the Rock Cycle Diagram. 1. Was any matter created or destroyed during these processes? 2. Could we turn the new igneous rock into another igneous rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow F on the Diagram with the process that would 3. Could we turn the new igneous rock into sedimentary rock? If so which arrows on the diagram would be involved in this happening? & 4. Could we turn the new igneous rock into a metamorphic rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow G on the Diagram with the process that would 5. Could we turn the metamorphic rock into another metamorphic rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow H on the Diagram with the process that would 6. Could we turn the metamorphic rock into a sedimentary rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow I on the Diagram with the process that would 7. Could we turn the sedimentary rock into another sedimentary rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow J on the Diagram with the process that would 8. Could we turn the sedimentary rock into an igneous rock? If so, using the word bank, label arrow K on the Diagram with the process that would