Impact of climate change on freshwater resources in the Changjiang river basin

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Impact of climate change on freshwater resources in the Changjiang river basin"

Transcription

1 Impact of climate change on freshwater resources in the Changjiang river basin Wenfa Yang, Yan Huang Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, MWR, China April,2009

2 Objective To identify the trend change and spatial distribution of observed data set (rainfall, temperature, runoff etc.) over the period of in Changjiang River Basin Develop simplified hydrological models, using the latest 24 GCMs outputs, to: detect the trend of future temperature and rainfall, and simulate possible impact of future climate scenarios on the runoff in the coming 100 years

3 Data Meteorological data: temperature (37 stations) and rainfall(174 stations), daily observed data, Hydrological data: Yichang, Hankou and Datong station, since the start of observation, unit: mm/a Grid data (temperature and precipitation) covering Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin in different emission scenarios (A2,A1B,B2) of the 24 Global Climate Models (GCMs) (that has been used in the fourth IPCC assessment report) are collected.

4 Data process Daily observed rainfall annual areal rainfall for different (sub)-basins Temperature observation annual areal temperature (using Thissen Polygon method), apply interpolation using correlation-ship at the nearest neighbour station for missing data Analyze the difference of spatial distribution on the GIS platform

5 Area: around 1,700,000 Km2 distribution of the 174 rainfall gauges in Changjiang River basin Upper Basin Area: around 1,000,000 Km2 Spatial distribution of the 38 temperature gauges in Changjiang River basin & the correlative divided area with Thiessen Polygon method

6 Methodology to analysis the change trend Linear regress method: Temporal trend of yearly rainfall, temperature and runoff data for ˆ x t = α 0 + α 1 Mann-Kendall test: To assess the significance of trend in hydrological time series: insignificant trend if M <Ma/2, where confidence level α=0.05, Ma/2 =1.96 Otherwise trend is significant. t

7 Results

8 Rainfall Rai nf al l / mm/a Year l y ar eal aver age r ai nf al l Aver age r ai nf al l Li near ( Year l y ar eal aver age r ai nf al l ) 900 The Changjiang River basin year The statistic of annual rainfall and temperature in Changjiang River basin during Item Rainfall Temperature Area Changjiang river basin The Upper basin The Middle Lower basin Changjiang river basin The Upper basin The Middle Lower basin Is Mann- Kendall test accepted? decreasing (no) decreasing (yes) decreasing (no) Increasing (yes) Increasing (yes) Increasing (yes) Average change rate mm/10yr mm/10yr -5.4 mm/10yr 0.1 o C/10yr 0.1 o C/10yr 0.1 o C/10yr M-K test Note:The above statistic results are based on the observed data during the period 1951~2005, M-k value is tested by Mann-Kendall method, M-k Value 1.96 represents the trend is not significant in the confidence of 95%,if not, trend is significant.

9 Spatial distribution of annual total rainfall for 174 stations during in the Changjiang river basin (unit: mm/yr) Spatial distribution of average rainfall change rate (unit:mm/10yr ) for 174 stations during in the Changjiang river basin

10 Spatial distribution of average change rate of yearly total rainy days for 174 stations during (unit: days/10yr) Spatial distribution of average change rate of Yearly total rainstorm days for 174 stations during (unit: days/10yr)

11 Temperature Spatial distribution of yearly average temperature for 37 stations during in the Changjiang river basin (unit: C) Spatial distribution of average temperature change rate (unit: C /10yr ) for 37 stations during in the Changjiang river basin

12 Runoff: The upstream of Datong station (the whole Changjiang river basin, ) Yearly runoff Linear (Yearly runoff ) Average runoff/mm/a y = x R 2 = Note: M-K value Insignificant: -1.96~1.96 Significant: Otherwise Period Year Average change rate(mm/10yr) M-K value Is Mann- Kendall test accepted? 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No

13 The Upper stream of Yichang gauge, annual runoff, yearly runoff/mm/a yearly runoff Linear (yearly runoff) y = x R 2 = Period Average change rate (mm/10yr) Year M-K test Is Mann-Kendall test accepted? 1881~ No 1881~ No 1881~ No 1881~ Yes 1881~ Yes 1881~ Yes 1881~ Yes

14 The middle stream catchment between Datong and Yichang, annual net runoff, Yearly runoff/mm/a Yearly runoff Linear (Yearly runoff ) y = x R 2 = Period Year Average change rate (mm/10yr) M-K test Is Mann-Kendall test accepted? 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No 1950~ No

15 Conclusions Rainfall Change (based on observed data ) For the Changjiang river basin no significant change of rainfall For upper basin, significant decreasing of rainfall was observed High spatial variability in the basin Annual total rain days tends to decrease, at a rate of 2.5d/10yr (most significant at Upper-Middle Changjiang river) Increasing annual rainstorm days in most parts of Changjiang River basin

16 Conclusions Temperature (Based on observed data of ) Obvious temperature increasing observed in the whole basin except some parts of the Upper Changjiang, such as Heilongjiang area Minimum temperature increased for the whole basin except for west parts of Changjiang basin

17 Conclusions Runoff Insignificant decreasing of annual runoff was observed for the basin as a whole with a rate of -2.2 mm/10yr (based on Datong station) Reduction of runoff is observed as significant at Yichang station (at a rage of -3.5 mm/10yr)

18 Projected Hydrological change

19 Hydrological model: Simplified water-balance model The hydrological time series of year An assumption that the fluctuation in annual river basin storage volume ( ΔS 0) is approximate to zero Δt Simplified water balance equation: ETa WB The monthly potential evapotranspiration estimated by applying the Blaney-Criddle empirical method ET The Pike empirical formula p Q = k a = P * μ * (0.46 * T ) ET a = P [ 1 + ( P ET ) p 2 ] 0. 5

20 Hydrological model: Statistical model Taking into consideration of the nonlinear relationship between the water resources system and climate changes, the nonlinear regression model are developed The multiple regression equation is used to establish the mathematical statistical relation model between the runoff (in depth), and the precipitation and areal average temperature. The upstream area: LnR = LnP T The middle and lower stream area: LnR = LnP T The entire river basin: LnR = LnP T

21 Model verification Table 1 Statistics of the simulated and observed runoff for the statistical model and simplified water-balance model in Changjiang River basin Regions River basin above Datong River basin above Yichang Intervening area from Yichang to Datong Models Statistical model Simplified water balance model Statistical model Simplified water balance model Statistical model Simplified water balance model r R RMSE Note: the unit of RMSE is mm/year The evaporation estimation is analyzed to be main uncertainty sources

22 Future Precipitation change Scenarios: A2, A1B, B1 Insignificant decreasing during 2010~2020 Slight increasing during 2020~2040 Significant increasing after 2050 For 2010~2100: the average increase of projected precipitation for the different emission scenarios is around 8~13mm(A2) and 12~ 14mm(A1B)and 4~8mm(B1)respectively over the period of 10 years. MK 统计值 A1B A2 B 年 A1B A2 B 年 A1B A2 B1 A1B A2 B 年年限 年 A1B A2 B 年

23 Temperature change Obvious increase!!!! (0.1 ~ 0.5 o C/10 yr) MK 统计值 A1B A2 B1 A1B A2 B1 A1B A2 B1 A1B A2 B1 A1B A2 B 年 年 年年限 年 年

24 Projected hydrological change in Changjiang River basin (2001~2100), Runoff (mm/year) at Datong station Scenarios Time period Model name statistic Water balance statistic Water balance statistic Water balance statistic Water balance statistic Water balance A1B Average change rate M-K value A2 Average change rate M-K value B1 Average change rate M-K value

25 Estimated Runoff depth A1B A2 B1 Estimated Runoff depth A1B A2 B Year water balance model Year statistic model Hydrological model results: runoff on Datong station under the three scenarios of the SRES (unit: mm/yr)

26 Conclusions and Recommendations Rainfall/Runoff in Changjiang River basin is estimated to decrease during , start to rise up during 2020 ~ 2040, and then increase significantly till 2100 The trend of temperature on Changjiang River basin is predicted increasing for the coming 100 years The average increasing rate of the runoff volume will be around 2% than the average runoff during the period of from 1971 to 2000 over the year for the Changjiang River Basin under A1B (based on multimodels)

27 Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions Considerable uncertainties have been found in the two developed hydrological models. Uncertainty has been also found from the estimation of evaporation data. Recommendations Suggest to improve and further study the impact of climate change with distributed hydrological model To seek for more accurate method to estimate actual evaporation

28 Thank you!

Chiang Rai Province CC Threat overview AAS1109 Mekong ARCC

Chiang Rai Province CC Threat overview AAS1109 Mekong ARCC Chiang Rai Province CC Threat overview AAS1109 Mekong ARCC This threat overview relies on projections of future climate change in the Mekong Basin for the period 2045-2069 compared to a baseline of 1980-2005.

More information

The Analysis of Uncertainty of Climate Change by Means of SDSM Model Case Study: Kermanshah

The Analysis of Uncertainty of Climate Change by Means of SDSM Model Case Study: Kermanshah World Applied Sciences Journal 23 (1): 1392-1398, 213 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publications, 213 DOI: 1.5829/idosi.wasj.213.23.1.3152 The Analysis of Uncertainty of Climate Change by Means of SDSM Model Case

More information

Drought Monitoring with Hydrological Modelling

Drought Monitoring with Hydrological Modelling st Joint EARS/JRC International Drought Workshop, Ljubljana,.-5. September 009 Drought Monitoring with Hydrological Modelling Stefan Niemeyer IES - Institute for Environment and Sustainability Ispra -

More information

Impacts of precipitation interpolation on hydrologic modeling in data scarce regions

Impacts of precipitation interpolation on hydrologic modeling in data scarce regions Impacts of precipitation interpolation on hydrologic modeling in data scarce regions 1, Shamita Kumar, Florian Wilken 1, Peter Fiener 1 and Karl Schneider 1 1 Hydrogeography and Climatology Research Group,

More information

Spati-temporal Changes of NDVI and Their Relations with Precipitation and Temperature in Yangtze River Catchment from 1992 to 2001

Spati-temporal Changes of NDVI and Their Relations with Precipitation and Temperature in Yangtze River Catchment from 1992 to 2001 Spati-temporal Changes of NDVI and Their Relations with Precipitation and Temperature in Yangtze River Catchment from 1992 to 2001 ZHANG Li 1, CHEN Xiao-Ling 1, 2 1State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering

More information

Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes

Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic S.L. Yang, K.H. Xu, J.D. Milliman, H. F. Yang, C.S. Wu Table S1 ost-tgd annual precipitation (), water discharge

More information

CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY

CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY CIVE322 BASIC HYDROLOGY Homework No.3 Solution 1. The coordinates of four precipitation gauging stations are A = (3,4), B = (9,4), C = (3,12), and D = (9,12). The observed precipitation amounts at these

More information

Assessing methods to disaggregate daily precipitation for hydrological simulation

Assessing methods to disaggregate daily precipitation for hydrological simulation Assessing methods to disaggregate daily precipitation for hydrological simulation Peng Gao, Gregory Carbone, Daniel Tufford, Aashka Patel, and Lauren Rouen Department of Geography University of South Carolina

More information

Changing Hydrology under a Changing Climate for a Coastal Plain Watershed

Changing Hydrology under a Changing Climate for a Coastal Plain Watershed Changing Hydrology under a Changing Climate for a Coastal Plain Watershed David Bosch USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA Jeff Arnold ARS Temple, TX and Peter Allen Baylor University, TX SEWRU Objectives 1. Project changes

More information

Seasonal and annual variation of Temperature and Precipitation in Phuntsholing

Seasonal and annual variation of Temperature and Precipitation in Phuntsholing easonal and annual variation of Temperature and Precipitation in Phuntsholing Leki Dorji Department of Civil Engineering, College of cience and Technology, Royal University of Bhutan. Bhutan Abstract Bhutan

More information

A Comparison of Rainfall Estimation Techniques

A Comparison of Rainfall Estimation Techniques A Comparison of Rainfall Estimation Techniques Barry F. W. Croke 1,2, Juliet K. Gilmour 2 and Lachlan T. H. Newham 2 SUMMARY: This study compares two techniques that have been developed for rainfall and

More information

Assessing bias in satellite rainfall products and their impact in water balance closure at the Zambezi headwaters

Assessing bias in satellite rainfall products and their impact in water balance closure at the Zambezi headwaters Assessing bias in satellite rainfall products and their impact in water balance closure at the Zambezi headwaters Omondi C.K. 1 Rientjes T.H.M. 1, Haile T.A. 2, Gumindoga W. 1,3 (1) Faculty ITC, University

More information

Lecture 6: Precipitation Averages and Interception

Lecture 6: Precipitation Averages and Interception Lecture 6: Precipitation Averages and Interception Key Questions 1. How much and when does Whatcom County receive rain? 2. Where online can you find rainfall data for the state? 3. How is rainfall averaged

More information

Application of Radar QPE. Jack McKee December 3, 2014

Application of Radar QPE. Jack McKee December 3, 2014 Application of Radar QPE Jack McKee December 3, 2014 Topics Context Precipitation Estimation Techniques Study Methodology Preliminary Results Future Work Questions Introduction Accurate precipitation data

More information

MULTI MODEL ENSEMBLE FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDROLOGY OF A SOUTH INDIAN RIVER BASIN

MULTI MODEL ENSEMBLE FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDROLOGY OF A SOUTH INDIAN RIVER BASIN MULTI MODEL ENSEMBLE FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE HYDROLOGY OF A SOUTH INDIAN RIVER BASIN P.S. Smitha, B. Narasimhan, K.P. Sudheer Indian Institute of Technology, Madras 2017 International

More information

Changes to Extreme Precipitation Events: What the Historical Record Shows and What It Means for Engineers

Changes to Extreme Precipitation Events: What the Historical Record Shows and What It Means for Engineers Changes to Extreme Precipitation Events: What the Historical Record Shows and What It Means for Engineers Geoffrey M Bonnin National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Office

More information

TRANSBOUNDARY FLOOD FORECASTING THROUGH DOWNSCALING OF GLOBAL WEATHER FORECASTING AND RRI MODEL SIMULATION

TRANSBOUNDARY FLOOD FORECASTING THROUGH DOWNSCALING OF GLOBAL WEATHER FORECASTING AND RRI MODEL SIMULATION TRANSBOUNDARY FLOOD FORECASTING THROUGH DOWNSCALING OF GLOBAL WEATHER FORECASTING AND RRI MODEL SIMULATION Rashid Bilal 1 Supervisor: Tomoki Ushiyama 2 MEE15624 ABSTRACT The study comprise of a transboundary

More information

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAKE VICTORIA LEVELS IN UGANDA

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAKE VICTORIA LEVELS IN UGANDA AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAKE VICTORIA LEVELS IN UGANDA BY CATHERINE MULINDE BA (Environmental Management), PGD (Meteorology) Teaching Assistant Department of Geography, Meteorology

More information

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AT LAKE KARLA WATERSHED

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AT LAKE KARLA WATERSHED Proceedings of the 14 th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Rhodes, Greece, 3-5 September 2015 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AT LAKE KARLA WATERSHED

More information

Water cycle changes during the past 50 years over the Tibetan Plateau: review and synthesis

Water cycle changes during the past 50 years over the Tibetan Plateau: review and synthesis 130 Cold Region Hydrology in a Changing Climate (Proceedings of symposium H02 held during IUGG2011 in Melbourne, Australia, July 2011) (IAHS Publ. 346, 2011). Water cycle changes during the past 50 years

More information

A PARAMETER ESTIMATE FOR THE LAND SURFACE MODEL VIC WITH HORTON AND DUNNE RUNOFF MECHANISM FOR RIVER BASINS IN CHINA

A PARAMETER ESTIMATE FOR THE LAND SURFACE MODEL VIC WITH HORTON AND DUNNE RUNOFF MECHANISM FOR RIVER BASINS IN CHINA A PARAMETER ESTIMATE FOR THE LAND SURFACE MODEL VIC WITH HORTON AND DUNNE RUNOFF MECHANISM FOR RIVER BASINS IN CHINA ZHENGHUI XIE Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing,

More information

Downscaled Climate Change Projection for the Department of Energy s Savannah River Site

Downscaled Climate Change Projection for the Department of Energy s Savannah River Site Downscaled Climate Change Projection for the Department of Energy s Savannah River Site Carolinas Climate Resilience Conference Charlotte, North Carolina: April 29 th, 2014 David Werth Atmospheric Technologies

More information

Assessing climate change impacts on the water resources in Pune, India, using downscaling and hydrologic modeling

Assessing climate change impacts on the water resources in Pune, India, using downscaling and hydrologic modeling Assessing climate change impacts on the water resources in Pune, India, using downscaling and hydrologic modeling 1, Tim G. Reichenau 1, Shamita Kumar 2, Karl Schneider 1 1 Hydrogeography and Climatology

More information

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT PREDICTION IN UPPER MAHAWELI BASIN

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT PREDICTION IN UPPER MAHAWELI BASIN 6 th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2015, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 11 th -13 th December 2015 SECM/15/163 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT PREDICTION IN UPPER MAHAWELI BASIN

More information

CHAPTER VII FULLY DISTRIBUTED RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL USING GIS

CHAPTER VII FULLY DISTRIBUTED RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL USING GIS 80 CHAPTER VII FULLY DISTRIBUTED RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL USING GIS 7.1GENERAL This chapter is discussed in six parts. Introduction to Runoff estimation using fully Distributed model is discussed in first

More information

Enabling Climate Information Services for Europe

Enabling Climate Information Services for Europe Enabling Climate Information Services for Europe Report DELIVERABLE 6.5 Report on past and future stream flow estimates coupled to dam flow evaluation and hydropower production potential Activity: Activity

More information

Credibility of climate predictions revisited

Credibility of climate predictions revisited European Geosciences Union General Assembly 29 Vienna, Austria, 19 24 April 29 Session CL54/NP4.5 Climate time series analysis: Novel tools and their application Credibility of climate predictions revisited

More information

Climate Change Impacts on Great Lakes Water Levels. Andrew Gronewold, Ph.D., P.E.

Climate Change Impacts on Great Lakes Water Levels. Andrew Gronewold, Ph.D., P.E. Climate Change Impacts on Great Lakes Water Levels Andrew Gronewold, Ph.D., P.E. drew.gronewold@noaa.gov Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The

More information

EFFICIENCY OF THE INTEGRATED RESERVOIR OPERATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE UPPER TONE RIVER OF JAPAN CONSIDERING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

EFFICIENCY OF THE INTEGRATED RESERVOIR OPERATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE UPPER TONE RIVER OF JAPAN CONSIDERING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL EFFICIENCY OF THE INTEGRATED RESERVOIR OPERATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE UPPER TONE RIVER OF JAPAN CONSIDERING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL Dawen YANG, Eik Chay LOW and Toshio KOIKE Department of

More information

Modelling changes in the runoff regime in Slovakia using high resolution climate scenarios

Modelling changes in the runoff regime in Slovakia using high resolution climate scenarios Modelling changes in the runoff regime in Slovakia using high resolution climate scenarios K. HLAVČOVÁ, R. VÝLETA, J. SZOLGAY, S. KOHNOVÁ, Z. MACUROVÁ & P. ŠÚREK Department of Land and Water Resources

More information

Improving Performance of Conceptual Flood Forecasting Model Using Complementary Error Model

Improving Performance of Conceptual Flood Forecasting Model Using Complementary Error Model Improving Performance of Conceptual Flood Forecasting Model Using Complementary Error Model Dilip K. Gautam and Sumit Dugar Practical Action Consulting South Asia Kathmandu, Nepal International Conference

More information

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES - A STUDY FROM DEDURU OYA BASIN OF SRI LANKA

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES - A STUDY FROM DEDURU OYA BASIN OF SRI LANKA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES - A STUDY FROM DEDURU OYA BASIN OF SRI LANKA THUSHARA NAVODANI WICKRAMAARACHCHI Hydrologist, Water Resources Secretariat of Sri Lanka, Room 2-125, BMICH,

More information

STATISTICAL ESTIMATION AND RE- ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATIONS OVER FRENCH MOUNTAIN RANGES

STATISTICAL ESTIMATION AND RE- ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATIONS OVER FRENCH MOUNTAIN RANGES STATISTICAL ESTIMATION AND RE- ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATIONS OVER FRENCH MOUNTAIN RANGES USING WEATHER PATTERNS, WATER BALANCES AND SNOW MEASUREMENTS ASSIMILATION Frederic GOTTARDI EDF frederic.gottardi@edf.fr

More information

INVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SURFACE SOIL PROFILE TEMPERATURE (CASE STUDY: AHWAZ SW OF IRAN)

INVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SURFACE SOIL PROFILE TEMPERATURE (CASE STUDY: AHWAZ SW OF IRAN) INVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SURFACE SOIL PROFILE TEMPERATURE (CASE STUDY: AHWAZ SW OF IRAN) Kazem Hemmadi 1, Fatemeh Zakerihosseini 2 ABSTRACT In arid and semi-arid regions, warming of soil

More information

DETECTION OF TREND IN RAINFALL DATA: A CASE STUDY OF SANGLI DISTRICT

DETECTION OF TREND IN RAINFALL DATA: A CASE STUDY OF SANGLI DISTRICT ORIGINAL ARTICLE DETECTION OF TREND IN RAINFALL DATA: A CASE STUDY OF SANGLI DISTRICT M. K. Patil 1 and D. N. Kalange 2 1 Associate Professor, Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Kavathe- Mahankal,

More information

Satellite and gauge rainfall merging using geographically weighted regression

Satellite and gauge rainfall merging using geographically weighted regression 132 Remote Sensing and GIS for Hydrology and Water Resources (IAHS Publ. 368, 2015) (Proceedings RSHS14 and ICGRHWE14, Guangzhou, China, August 2014). Satellite and gauge rainfall merging using geographically

More information

Rainfall variability and uncertainty in water resource assessments in South Africa

Rainfall variability and uncertainty in water resource assessments in South Africa New Approaches to Hydrological Prediction in Data-sparse Regions (Proc. of Symposium HS.2 at the Joint IAHS & IAH Convention, Hyderabad, India, September 2009). IAHS Publ. 333, 2009. 287 Rainfall variability

More information

Precipitation trends and their impact on the discharge of China s four largest rivers,

Precipitation trends and their impact on the discharge of China s four largest rivers, 228 Regional Hydrological Impacts of Climatic Change Hydroclimatic Variability (Proceedings of symposium S6 held during the Seventh IAHS Scientific Assembly at Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, April 5). IAHS Publ.

More information

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Mean annual precipitation (MAP) is perhaps the most widely used variable in hydrological design, water resources planning and agrohydrology. In the past two decades one of the basic

More information

ESTIMATING SNOWMELT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GANGOTRI GLACIER CATCHMENT INTO THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER, INDIA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

ESTIMATING SNOWMELT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GANGOTRI GLACIER CATCHMENT INTO THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER, INDIA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ESTIMATING SNOWMELT CONTRIBUTION FROM THE GANGOTRI GLACIER CATCHMENT INTO THE BHAGIRATHI RIVER, INDIA Rodney M. Chai 1, Leigh A. Stearns 2, C. J. van der Veen 1 ABSTRACT The Bhagirathi River emerges from

More information

Gridding of precipitation and air temperature observations in Belgium. Michel Journée Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI)

Gridding of precipitation and air temperature observations in Belgium. Michel Journée Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI) Gridding of precipitation and air temperature observations in Belgium Michel Journée Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI) Gridding of meteorological data A variety of hydrologic, ecological,

More information

Analysis on Temperature Variation over the Past 55 Years in Guyuan City, China

Analysis on Temperature Variation over the Past 55 Years in Guyuan City, China Analysis on Temperature Variation over the Past 55 Years in Guyuan City, China Liu Rui 1, 2,*, Zhang ZhiHua 1, 2 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang an University, No.126 Yanta Road,

More information

CLIMATE SCENARIOS FOR IMPACT STUDIES IN THE NETHERLANDS

CLIMATE SCENARIOS FOR IMPACT STUDIES IN THE NETHERLANDS CLIMATE SCENARIOS FOR IMPACT STUDIES IN THE NETHERLANDS G.P. Können Royal Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, May 2001 1. INTRODUCTION These scenarios described here are an update from the WB21 [1]

More information

Hydro-meteorological Analysis of Langtang Khola Catchment, Nepal

Hydro-meteorological Analysis of Langtang Khola Catchment, Nepal Hydro-meteorological Analysis of Langtang Khola Catchment, Nepal Tirtha R. Adhikari 1, Lochan P. Devkota 1, Suresh.C Pradhan 2, Pradeep K. Mool 3 1 Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan

More information

Impacts of climate change on flooding in the river Meuse

Impacts of climate change on flooding in the river Meuse Impacts of climate change on flooding in the river Meuse Martijn Booij University of Twente,, The Netherlands m.j.booij booij@utwente.nlnl 2003 in the Meuse basin Model appropriateness Appropriate model

More information

Trends and Variability of Climatic Parameters in Vadodara District

Trends and Variability of Climatic Parameters in Vadodara District GRD Journals Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering Recent Advances in Civil Engineering for Global Sustainability March 2016 e-issn: 2455-5703 Trends and Variability of Climatic Parameters

More information

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GLACIER CONTRIBUTIONS TO STREAMFLOW IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GLACIER CONTRIBUTIONS TO STREAMFLOW IN A CHANGING CLIMATE Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT August 20-22, 2007, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA ISGN Hardcopy: 978-0-88986-679-9 CD: 978-0-88-986-680-5 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE

More information

Seasonal Rainfall Trend Analysis

Seasonal Rainfall Trend Analysis RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Seasonal Rainfall Trend Analysis Devdatta V. Pandit Research Scholar, Dept. of SWCE, M.P.K.V, Rahuri- 413722, Ahmednagar. (M., India ABSTRACT This study aims to detect the

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3.1 Synoptic Patterns Precipitation and Topography Precipitation Regionalization... 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3.1 Synoptic Patterns Precipitation and Topography Precipitation Regionalization... 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT... iii 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 2 DATA SOURCES AND METHODS... 2 2.1 Data Sources... 2 2.2 Frequency Analysis... 2 2.2.1 Precipitation... 2 2.2.2 Streamflow... 2 2.3 Calculation of

More information

TRENDS AND CHANGE IN CLIMATE OVER THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN

TRENDS AND CHANGE IN CLIMATE OVER THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN TRENDS AND CHANGE IN CLIMATE OVER THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN VOLTRES PROJECT WORK PACKAGE 1a: CLIMATE KEY RESULTS E. Obuobie, H.E. Andersen, C. Asante-Sasu, M. Osei-owusu 11/9/217 OBJECTIVES Analyse long term

More information

Application of a statistical method for medium-term rainfall prediction

Application of a statistical method for medium-term rainfall prediction Climate Variability and Change Hydrological Impacts (Proceedings of the Fifth FRIEND World Conference held at Havana, Cuba, November 2006), IAHS Publ. 308, 2006. 275 Application of a statistical method

More information

Effect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study

Effect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study Water Resources Management VI 139 Effect of land use/land cover changes on runoff in a river basin: a case study J. Letha, B. Thulasidharan Nair & B. Amruth Chand College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala,

More information

Near Real-Time Runoff Estimation Using Spatially Distributed Radar Rainfall Data. Jennifer Hadley 22 April 2003

Near Real-Time Runoff Estimation Using Spatially Distributed Radar Rainfall Data. Jennifer Hadley 22 April 2003 Near Real-Time Runoff Estimation Using Spatially Distributed Radar Rainfall Data Jennifer Hadley 22 April 2003 Introduction Water availability has become a major issue in Texas in the last several years,

More information

Assessment of Temperature based equations for ETo estimation by FAO Penman-Monteith Method for Betwa Basin, Central India

Assessment of Temperature based equations for ETo estimation by FAO Penman-Monteith Method for Betwa Basin, Central India Assessment of Temperature based equations for ETo estimation by FAO Penman-Monteith Method for Betwa Basin, Central India Reetesh Kumar Pyasi, and Ashish Pandey Abstract Feasibility of temperature based

More information

Module 1. Lecture 2: Weather and hydrologic cycle (contd.)

Module 1. Lecture 2: Weather and hydrologic cycle (contd.) Lecture 2: Weather and hydrologic cycle (contd.) Hydrology Hydor + logos (Both are Greek words) Hydor means water and logos means study. Hydrology is a science which deals with the occurrence, circulation

More information

Technical Note: Hydrology of the Lukanga Swamp, Zambia

Technical Note: Hydrology of the Lukanga Swamp, Zambia Technical Note: Hydrology of the Lukanga Swamp, Zambia Matthew McCartney July 7 Description The Lukanga swamp is located approximately 5km west of the city of Kabwe, in the Central province of Zambia,

More information

. Study locations and meteorological data Seven meteorological stations from southern to northern parts in Finland were selected for this study (Fig.

. Study locations and meteorological data Seven meteorological stations from southern to northern parts in Finland were selected for this study (Fig. Long-term trends of pan evaporation and an analysis of its causes in Finland Toshitsugu Moroizumi, Naoya Ito, Jari Koskiaho and Sirkka Tattari Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama

More information

Data assimilation in the MIKE 11 Flood Forecasting system using Kalman filtering

Data assimilation in the MIKE 11 Flood Forecasting system using Kalman filtering Water Resources Systems Hydrological Risk, Management and Development (Proceedings of symposium IlS02b held during IUGG2003 al Sapporo. July 2003). IAHS Publ. no. 281. 2003. 75 Data assimilation in the

More information

Regional Climate Change Modeling: An Application Over The Caspian Sea Basin. N. Elguindi and F. Giorgi The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste Italy

Regional Climate Change Modeling: An Application Over The Caspian Sea Basin. N. Elguindi and F. Giorgi The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste Italy Regional Climate Change Modeling: An Application Over The Caspian Sea Basin N. Elguindi and F. Giorgi The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste Italy Outline I. Background and historical information on the Caspian

More information

Optimal Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Sedimentation yield and Runoff in high flow season of Indus River at Besham Qila for Terbela Dam

Optimal Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Sedimentation yield and Runoff in high flow season of Indus River at Besham Qila for Terbela Dam Optimal Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Sedimentation yield and Runoff in high flow season of Indus River at Besham Qila for Terbela Dam Akif Rahim 1, Amina Akif 2 1 Ph.D Scholar in Center of integrated

More information

Influence of rainfall space-time variability over the Ouémé basin in Benin

Influence of rainfall space-time variability over the Ouémé basin in Benin 102 Remote Sensing and GIS for Hydrology and Water Resources (IAHS Publ. 368, 2015) (Proceedings RSHS14 and ICGRHWE14, Guangzhou, China, August 2014). Influence of rainfall space-time variability over

More information

Basins-Level Heavy Rainfall and Flood Analyses

Basins-Level Heavy Rainfall and Flood Analyses Basins-Level Heavy Rainfall and Flood Analyses Peng Gao, Greg Carbone, and Junyu Lu Department of Geography, University of South Carolina (gaop@mailbox.sc.edu, carbone@mailbox.sc.edu, jlu@email.sc.edu)

More information

Runoff-rainfall modelling: Predicting areal precipitation from runoff observations

Runoff-rainfall modelling: Predicting areal precipitation from runoff observations HydroPredict 212 Session M: Methodology, modelling, prediction and uncertainty 24. 27. September 212, Runoff-rainfall modelling: Predicting areal precipitation from runoff observations Mathew Herrnegger

More information

Multi-model approach for projecting future climate change conditions in Central Vietnam

Multi-model approach for projecting future climate change conditions in Central Vietnam 2011/03/03 at the ICSS-Asia 2011 conference Multi-model approach for projecting future climate change conditions in Central Vietnam Thanh NGO-DUC, Van Tan PHAN, Trung NGUYEN QUANG Department of Meteorology

More information

Zambia. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G.

Zambia. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles Zambia C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk

More information

Changes in monthly precipitation and flood hazard in the Yangtze River Basin, China

Changes in monthly precipitation and flood hazard in the Yangtze River Basin, China INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 28: 1471 1481 (2008) Published online 12 December 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).1635 Changes in monthly precipitation and

More information

Regional Climate Change: Current Impacts and Perspectives Greater Lake Nipissing Stewardship Council Annual Meeting Wednesday April 16, 2014

Regional Climate Change: Current Impacts and Perspectives Greater Lake Nipissing Stewardship Council Annual Meeting Wednesday April 16, 2014 Regional Climate Change: Current Impacts and Perspectives Greater Lake Nipissing Stewardship Council Annual Meeting Wednesday April 16, 2014 Speaker: Peter Bullock, Stantec Consulting Information Source:

More information

Flood Forecasting Tools for Ungauged Streams in Alberta: Status and Lessons from the Flood of 2013

Flood Forecasting Tools for Ungauged Streams in Alberta: Status and Lessons from the Flood of 2013 Flood Forecasting Tools for Ungauged Streams in Alberta: Status and Lessons from the Flood of 2013 John Pomeroy, Xing Fang, Kevin Shook, Tom Brown Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon

More information

Drought Identification and Trend Analysis in Peloponnese, Greece

Drought Identification and Trend Analysis in Peloponnese, Greece European Water 60: 335-340, 2017. 2017 E.W. Publications Drought Identification and Trend Analysis in Peloponnese, Greece K. Saita, I. Papageorgaki * and H. Vangelis Lab. of Reclamation Works and Water

More information

Suriname. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G.

Suriname. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles Suriname C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk

More information

Spatio-temporal pattern of drought in Northeast of Iran

Spatio-temporal pattern of drought in Northeast of Iran Spatio-temporal pattern of drought in Northeast of Iran Akhtari R., Bandarabadi S.R., Saghafian B. in López-Francos A. (ed.). Drought management: scientific and technological innovations Zaragoza : CIHEAM

More information

Updated rainfall intensity duration frequency curves for the City of London under the changing climate

Updated rainfall intensity duration frequency curves for the City of London under the changing climate Updated rainfall intensity duration frequency curves for the City of London under the changing climate By: Slobodan P. Simonovic and Angela Peck Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University

More information

PLANNED UPGRADE OF NIWA S HIGH INTENSITY RAINFALL DESIGN SYSTEM (HIRDS)

PLANNED UPGRADE OF NIWA S HIGH INTENSITY RAINFALL DESIGN SYSTEM (HIRDS) PLANNED UPGRADE OF NIWA S HIGH INTENSITY RAINFALL DESIGN SYSTEM (HIRDS) G.A. Horrell, C.P. Pearson National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Christchurch, New Zealand ABSTRACT Statistics

More information

Development of Pakistan s New Area Weighted Rainfall Using Thiessen Polygon Method

Development of Pakistan s New Area Weighted Rainfall Using Thiessen Polygon Method Pakistan Journal of Meteorology Vol. 9, Issue 17: July 2012 Technical Note Development of Pakistan s New Area Weighted Rainfall Using Thiessen Polygon Method Faisal, N. 1, 2, A. Gaffar 2 ABSTRACT In this

More information

ESTIMATION OF DISCHARGE FOR UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS USING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL IN DIDESSA SUB-BASIN: THE CASE OF BLUE NILE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA.

ESTIMATION OF DISCHARGE FOR UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS USING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL IN DIDESSA SUB-BASIN: THE CASE OF BLUE NILE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA. ESTIMATION OF DISCHARGE FOR UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS USING RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL IN DIDESSA SUB-BASIN: THE CASE OF BLUE NILE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA. CHEKOLE TAMALEW Department of water resources and irrigation

More information

Climate Change and Flood Frequency Some preliminary results for James River at Cartersville, VA Shuang-Ye Wu, Gettysburg College

Climate Change and Flood Frequency Some preliminary results for James River at Cartersville, VA Shuang-Ye Wu, Gettysburg College Climate Change and Flood Frequency Some preliminary results for James River at Cartersville, VA Shuang-Ye Wu, Gettysburg College Objective: Climate change may increase annual precipitation in CARA region,

More information

Geography 415 Hydrology

Geography 415 Hydrology 1 Geography 415 Hydrology LAB 1 (January 23, 2003) TA: Drew Lejbak Office: ES 310, 220-5590, atlejbak@ucalgary.ca Hours: Friday 10:00am 12:00pm, or by appointment Drop Box: Outside ES 313 1. Estimation

More information

A PROTOTYPE FOR THE APPLICATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION TO IMPROVE HIGHWAY AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF LAKE VICTORIA

A PROTOTYPE FOR THE APPLICATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION TO IMPROVE HIGHWAY AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF LAKE VICTORIA A PROTOTYPE FOR THE APPLICATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION TO IMPROVE HIGHWAY AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF LAKE VICTORIA Kara Smith October 26, 2016 Lake Victoria Levels Sudden increase

More information

Appendix 2: Hydrometeorology and Hydroclimatology of Baseflow. Page 1 of 19

Appendix 2: Hydrometeorology and Hydroclimatology of Baseflow. Page 1 of 19 Appendix 2: Hydrometeorology and Hydroclimatology of Baseflow Page 1 of 19 A time series of end of month soil moisture data was developed for each climate division in the United States from 1931 to present

More information

Effects of Physical Catchment Characteristics on River Flow

Effects of Physical Catchment Characteristics on River Flow Effects of Physical Catchment Characteristics on River Flow A Tale of Two Tributaries Abeyou W. Worqlul, Essayas K. Ayana, Fasikaw Atanaw, Amy S. Collick, Charlotte McAlister, Robin Taylor & Tammo S. Steenhuis

More information

Table (6): Annual precipitation amounts as recorded by stations X and Y. No. X Y

Table (6): Annual precipitation amounts as recorded by stations X and Y. No. X Y Example: X and Y are two neighboring rainfall stations. Station X has complete records and station Y has some missing values. Find the linear correlation equation between the two series as mentioned in

More information

Projections of the 21st Century Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin Extreme Precipitation Events

Projections of the 21st Century Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin Extreme Precipitation Events ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 3(2): 76 83, 2012 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2012.00076 CHANGES IN CLIMATE SYSTEM Projections of the 21st Century Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin Extreme

More information

Chapter-1 Introduction

Chapter-1 Introduction Modeling of rainfall variability and drought assessment in Sabarmati basin, Gujarat, India Chapter-1 Introduction 1.1 General Many researchers had studied variability of rainfall at spatial as well as

More information

Uncertainty in the SWAT Model Simulations due to Different Spatial Resolution of Gridded Precipitation Data

Uncertainty in the SWAT Model Simulations due to Different Spatial Resolution of Gridded Precipitation Data Uncertainty in the SWAT Model Simulations due to Different Spatial Resolution of Gridded Precipitation Data Vamsi Krishna Vema 1, Jobin Thomas 2, Jayaprathiga Mahalingam 1, P. Athira 4, Cicily Kurian 1,

More information

Dear Editor, Response to Anonymous Referee #1. Comment 1:

Dear Editor, Response to Anonymous Referee #1. Comment 1: Dear Editor, We would like to thank you and two anonymous referees for the opportunity to revise our manuscript. We found the comments of the two reviewers very useful, which gave us a possibility to address

More information

Rainfall-runoff modelling using merged rainfall from radar and raingauge measurements

Rainfall-runoff modelling using merged rainfall from radar and raingauge measurements Rainfall-runoff modelling using merged rainfall from radar and raingauge measurements Nergui Nanding, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez and Dawei Han Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol Queens

More information

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE ARABIAN PENINSULA

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE ARABIAN PENINSULA IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE ARABIAN PENINSULA By: Talal Alharbi June, 29 2017 1 Motivation: In arid and semi-arid regions of the world the demand for fresh water resources is increasing due to: increasing

More information

Comparison of rainfall distribution method

Comparison of rainfall distribution method Team 6 Comparison of rainfall distribution method In this section different methods of rainfall distribution are compared. METEO-France is the French meteorological agency, a public administrative institution

More information

Workshop: Build a Basic HEC-HMS Model from Scratch

Workshop: Build a Basic HEC-HMS Model from Scratch Workshop: Build a Basic HEC-HMS Model from Scratch This workshop is designed to help new users of HEC-HMS learn how to apply the software. Not all the capabilities in HEC-HMS are demonstrated in the workshop

More information

St Lucia. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. Precipitation

St Lucia. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. Precipitation UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles St Lucia C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk

More information

Assessment of the reliability of climate predictions based on comparisons with historical time series

Assessment of the reliability of climate predictions based on comparisons with historical time series European Geosciences Union General Assembly 28 Vienna, Austria, 13 18 April 28 Session IS23: Climatic and hydrological perspectives on long term changes Assessment of the reliability of climate predictions

More information

Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Precipitation Data in a mountainous Region (Upper Indus Basin-UIB)

Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Precipitation Data in a mountainous Region (Upper Indus Basin-UIB) Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Precipitation Data in a mountainous Region (Upper Indus Basin-UIB) AsimJahangir Khan, Doctoral Candidate, Department of Geohydraulicsand Engineering Hydrology, University

More information

Bivariate Rainfall and Runoff Analysis Using Entropy and Copula Theories

Bivariate Rainfall and Runoff Analysis Using Entropy and Copula Theories Entropy 2012, 14, 1784-1812; doi:10.3390/e14091784 Article OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy Bivariate Rainfall and Runoff Analysis Using Entropy and Copula Theories Lan Zhang

More information

Martin Dubrovský (1), Ladislav Metelka (2), Miroslav Trnka (3), Martin Růžička (4),

Martin Dubrovský (1), Ladislav Metelka (2), Miroslav Trnka (3), Martin Růžička (4), The CaliM&Ro Project: Calibration of Met&Roll Weather Generator for sites without or with incomplete meteorological observations Martin Dubrovský (1), Ladislav Metelka (2), Miroslav Trnka (3), Martin Růžička

More information

Lecture 2: Precipitation

Lecture 2: Precipitation 2-1 GEOG415 Lecture 2: Precipitation Why do we study precipitation? Precipitation measurement -- depends on the study purpose. Non-recording (cumulative) Recording (tipping bucket) Important parameters

More information

Experiments with Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for South Florida Region: Issues & Observations

Experiments with Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for South Florida Region: Issues & Observations Experiments with Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for South Florida Region: Issues & Observations Ramesh S. V. Teegavarapu Aneesh Goly Hydrosystems Research Laboratory (HRL) Department of Civil,

More information

From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang)

From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang) From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang) Aleksandra Dewiszek 9th International SedNet conference Solving societal

More information

Promoting Rainwater Harvesting in Caribbean Small Island Developing States Water Availability Mapping for Grenada Preliminary findings

Promoting Rainwater Harvesting in Caribbean Small Island Developing States Water Availability Mapping for Grenada Preliminary findings Promoting Rainwater Harvesting in Caribbean Small Island Developing States Water Availability Mapping for Grenada Preliminary findings National Workshop Pilot Project funded by The United Nations Environment

More information

Solution: The ratio of normal rainfall at station A to normal rainfall at station i or NR A /NR i has been calculated and is given in table below.

Solution: The ratio of normal rainfall at station A to normal rainfall at station i or NR A /NR i has been calculated and is given in table below. 3.6 ESTIMATION OF MISSING DATA Data for the period of missing rainfall data could be filled using estimation technique. The length of period up to which the data could be filled is dependent on individual

More information

Grenada. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. Precipitation

Grenada. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature. Precipitation UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk

More information