Anomalous current recorded at lower low water off the Changjiang River mouth, China

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Anomalous current recorded at lower low water off the Changjiang River mouth, China"

Transcription

1 Geo-Mar Lett (2004) 24: DOI /s ORIGINAL Zhanghua Wang Æ Zhongyuan Chen Kazumaro Okamura Æ Jianhua Gao Æ Kaiqin Xu Hiroshi Koshikawa Æ Masataka Watanabe Anomalous current recorded at lower low water off the Changjiang River mouth, China Received: 19 November 2003 / Accepted: 5 May 2004 / Published online: 8 July 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract A hydrographic-sedimentological investigation was conducted in May 2001, aimed at assessing dynamic sedimentation patterns near and off the Changjiang River mouth, East China Sea. Current speed/direction, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and turbidity were measured at eight nearshore and offshore sites, spanning a distance of ca. 150 km. The results identified a high-speed current ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 m/s at lower low water in the front of the turbidity maximum zone. This anomalous current, lasting about 4 h, was the fastest recorded over two semi-diurnal tidal cycles. Simultaneous measurements showed a high SSC (0.5 g/l) and high turbidity (>230 ppm) near the seafloor. This phenomenon would help explain periodic enhancement of sediment resuspension in the area, and an associated southward transport route from the Changjiang River mouth. Introduction The Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea, ranks as a major depositional sink. It receives large quantities of fluvial material which, at a runoff of m 3 /year, amount to t/year (Chen et al. 1988). Z. Wang (&) Æ Z. Chen State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China zhwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn Tel.: Fax: K. Okamura Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, 49 Kokubu-Chou, Nagasaki, Japan J. Gao Key Laboratory of Coast & Island Development, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China K. Xu Æ H. Koshikawa Æ M. Watanabe National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan Semi-diurnal tides dominate the flow in the estuary, which is characterized by a mean tidal range of 2.70 m and a maximum range of 4.62 m. Regular tides occur off the estuary and irregular tides appear at the inner river mouth. Tidal currents move back and forth in the distributaries of the inner estuary, but rotate clockwise off the river mouth (Chen et al. 1988). In the distributaries the ebb tidal current (1.13 m/s) is stronger than the flood tidal current (0.96 m/s). In addition, the ebbing phase lasts longer than the flooding phase (Chen et al. 1988). At a regional scale, littoral and oceanic currents are the other major hydrodynamic forces in the study area. In response to the Coriolis force, littoral currents constantly flow southwards along the Changjiang coast, thereby promoting sediment transport towards the southern East China Sea (Milliman et al. 1985; Chen et al. 1988). The warm Taiwan Current, by contrast, varies seasonally in distance from the Changjiang River mouth, moving northwards all year round and blocking the dispersal of suspended sediment further offshore (Chen et al. 1988). The large amount of suspended sediment contained in freshwater plumes over the salt wedge is largely dispersed offshore south-eastwards of the river mouth (Milliman et al. 1985). The plumes seldom extend beyond the estuarine front, which usually lies at about E (Chen et al. 1999; Shen and Pan 2001). This is also the seaward margin of the modern Changjiang subaqueous delta (Chen et al. 2000, 2003). Over the last two decades, numerous studies have investigated tidal processes and associated sediment transport in this large river mouth (cf. Milliman and Jin 1985; Chen et al. 1988; Yang and Sun 1988; Shen et al. 1993; Shi et al. 1997; Li and Zhang 1998; Chen et al. 1999; Shi et al. 1999; He et al. 1999, 2001; Shen and Pan 2001; Wu et al. 2001; Chen et al. 2003). These have shown periodic variations of tidal current speed in the area, i.e. high speed around mid-tide (maximum flood and ebb) and low speed at high and low tide (slack flood and slack ebb tide; Chen et al. 1988; Shen and Pan 2001). Earlier work also revealed factor 2 to 4 increases in sediment resuspension, caused by various mechanisms including

2 253 tidal current and estuarine front processes over a tidal cycle in and off the turbidity maximum (TM) zone of the Changjiang Estuary (Shen and Pan 2001). Thus, resuspension plays a critical role in eroding the estuarine seafloor, enhancing the TM zone and re-circulating nutrients (Li and Zhang 1998; Chen et al. 2000; Shen and Pan 2001). The present study focuses on an anomalous current occurring at lower low water, with highest current speeds at the estuarine front off the Changjiang River mouth. Indeed, a literature search has revealed that this phenomenon and the associated sediment transport pattern have not been adequately investigated in the study area to date. Materials and methods On May 2001, a hydrographic and sedimentological investigation was conducted near and off the Changjiang River mouth ( E, N; Fig. 1). Eight sites, spanning >150 km in total at water depths of ca m, were chosen to examine tidal current characteristics and sediment dispersal patterns (sites A2, B1, B2, B3, C1, C3, C4 and C5; Fig. 1). Water depths are approximately 10 m at sites A2 and B1, 14 m at site B2, 24 m at site B3, 40 m at site C1, 36 m at site C3, and m at sites C4 and C5 (Fig. 1). Note that these are mean water depth values, because water depths vary as a result of tidal influences, particularly at shallow sites. Tidal current speed/direction, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and turbidity were measured simultaneously at maximum ebb at sites B1, B3, C1, C3 and C5, at lower low water at sites A2 and C4, and over two tidal cycles for 26 h at site B2. Current speed and direction were measured with a direct-reading current meter (SLC-9) at depth intervals of 0.5 m at all sites. Current speed/direction were measured every hour from 06:00 on 25 May to 06:00 on 26 May at site B2, and only once throughout the whole water column at the other sites. Current speed/direction were also measured continuously over 26 h on May at site B2, with a COMPACT-EM current meter at a water depth of 7 m. A Chlorotech nephelometer (ACL208-RS) was used to measure turbidity at site B2, at water depth intervals of 0.1 m every 3 h from 06:00 to 21:00 on 25 May In all, 93 water samples (500 ml/sample) were collected for SSC measurements at all sites. The water samples were taken every hour for 25 h (on May) in surface (0.5 m below sea surface), mid-depth (6 8 m depth), and bottom (1 m above seafloor) waters at site B2 (water depth ranging from 12 to 16 m due to tidal influence). Water samples were taken at water depths of 0.5, 5, 15 m and at the bottom at sites C1 (depth 40 m, 23 May) and C3 (depth 35.5 m, 22 May), and at an additional water depth of 20 m at sites C4 (depth 35 m, 21 May) and C5 (depth 40 m, 21 May). The water samples were filtered through pre-weighed 0.45-lm Nucleopore filters, which were then oven-dried at 40 C in the laboratory. The dried filters were weighed individually for calculation of SSC (g/l). Results Anomalous current at lower low water Measurements of the irregular semi-diurnal tides at site B2 indicate that the tidal range at night was larger than that during the daytime between 25 and 26 May Fig. 1 Geographic locality map of the study area and the locations of the measuring sites off the Changjiang River mouth (depth contours in metres). TM Turbidity maximum

3 (Fig. 2a). Lower low water occurred at about 18:00 on 25 May, and higher high water at about midnight (Fig. 2a). Maximum flood appeared at 10:00 and 21:00 on 25 May, and maximum ebb at 15:00 on 25 May and 04:00 on 26 May. At site B2, maximum flood current speed ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 m/s, and maximum ebb current speed from 1.2 to 1.5 m/s (Fig. 2a). An anomalous high-speed current ( m/s) occurred at lower low water and lasted almost 4 h at a water depth of 7 m. The directreading current meter showed that current speed generally exceeded 0.9 m/s throughout the whole water column at lower low water, the maximum value reaching >1.3 m/s in the mid-depth water layer (3 10 m; Fig. 2b). These high values at lower low water at site B2 are even greater than that recorded at maximum ebb at site B1 (ca m/s), and close to that observed at lower low water at site A2 (Fig. 2c). A high-speed current at lower low water occurred also at site C4, where the values exceeded 0.6 m/s throughout the whole water column, the maximum value being >1.0 m/s at 8 13 m (Fig. 2d). These current speeds are even faster than those recorded at maximum ebb at the other sites (B3, C1, C3 and C5; Fig. 2d). The current speed profile recorded over 26 h at site B2 was subdivided into W E and N S profiles (Fig. 3a, b). Tidal current speed and direction agreed well with a full tidal fluctuation over 12 h. Maximum flood headed west, whereas maximum ebb headed east (Fig. 3a, b). For each profile, high and low water showed mainly north and south directions respectively. The high-speed current at lower low water at site B2 was mainly directed southwards at a depth of 7 m, and also throughout the vertical current speed profile (Fig. 3b d). A similar pattern was recorded at site C4, where the high-speed current at lower low water flowed southwards below a water depth of 5 m when the surface current headed west owing to the onset of the flooding tide (Fig. 3e, f). Suspended sediment concentrations At site B2, a much higher SSC was recorded in the bottom water layer ( g/l; Fig. 4a) than in the middepth and surface layers (<0.10 g/l) at low water (06:00 07:00 on 25 May and 06:00 on 26 May), lower low water (18:00), and high water (11:00 12:00 and 24:00). Shortly before and after lower low water (16:00 17:00; 20:00 21:00), SSCs reached g/l. At all depths, the SSC values at lower low water were 2 10 times as high as those documented during the other tidal phases. At lower low water at site B2, turbidity measurements showed essentially the same pattern as the one recorded for SSC higher turbidity (>230 ppm) in the bottom water, and substantially lower values ( ppm) in the mid-depth and surface waters (Fig. 4b). This finding contrasts with that observed at low water at site B2, showing a similarly high turbidity (>230 ppm) at the bottom but much higher values (>170 ppm) in the mid-depth and surface waters compared to those recorded at lower low water. The SSC depth distribution at lower low water at site C4 was similar to that at site B2. Surface SSC at site C4 was low (0.011 g/l; Table 1), approximating the values measured at maximum ebb at sites C1, C3 and C5 ( g/l; Table 1). SSCs increased strongly from surface and mid-depth waters to bottom waters (0.043 g/ l) at site C4, reaching higher values (factors ) than those recorded in the bottom waters of sites C1, C3 and C5. Discussion and conclusions The results of the present study convincingly demonstrate that, although of brief duration (4 h), the anomalous high-speed current recorded at lower low water in the Changjiang Estuary was important in controlling sediment resuspension, especially in the area of the TM zone in the river mouth (cf. Chen et al. 1988; Shi et al. 1997; Li and Zhang 1998; Shen and Pan 2001; Chen et al. 2003). Less clear, by contrast, are the factors controlling this event. Shen and Pan (2001) reported that the tidal current reaches fastest speeds 2 h before and after low tide, and slackens at high and low tide within the Changjiang Estuary. Off the estuary, by contrast, the tidal current is fastest at high and low tide, and slackens at mid-tide. The time-series data of current distribution documented in the present study at the nearshore site B2 likely result from the superimposition of these two types of tidal currents in and off the Changjiang Estuary. Another possible explanation for the formation of the anomalously fast current could be the sharp density gradient caused by marked changes in salinity and temperature in estuarine fronts, and the Yellow Sea longshore currents constantly heading south from the northern Changjiang coast (Chen et al. 2000). Thus, we contend that the anomalous current off the Changjiang River mouth is probably induced by complex interactions between a number of different physical factors. The high SSC and high turbidity recorded in the bottom water layers off the river mouth during lower low water were closely associated with the occurrence of the high-speed current which could have caused resuspension of bottom sediments. Previous studies have demonstrated that resuspension enhances largely bottom SSC (up to 2 3 g/l), particularly during the winter season, thereby intensifying the TM zone through which fluvial materials are filtered, to subsequently be driven further seawards off the Changjiang Estuary (Shi et al. 1997; Li and Zhang 1998; Shen and Pan 2001). A threshold current speed of m/s (vertical averaged current speed) has been documented in the study area by Li and Zhang (1998). The present study, by contrast, reveals bottom current speeds at lower low water

4 Fig. 2a Twenty-six-hour tidal current speed curve at site B2 on May 2001 (inset indicates tidal levels). 1, 3 Maximum flood, 2, 4 maximum ebb, HW high water, HHW higher high water, LW low water, LLW lower low water. b Temporal variation of vertical current speed at site B2 on May c Anomalous current recorded on 25 and 27 May 2001 at lower low water at sites B2 and A2, compared with the current speed on 26 May 2001 at maximum ebb at site B1. d Anomalous current recorded on 21 May 2001 at lower low water at site C4, compared with the current speed on May 2001 at maximum ebb at sites C5, C3, C1 and B3 (see Fig. 1 for site locations) 255

5 256 Fig. 3a Twenty-six-hour W E current speed curve at site B2 on May b Twenty-six-hour N S current speed curve at site B2 on May c W E depth distribution of vertical current speed at lower low water at site B2 on 25 May d N S depth distribution of vertical current speed at lower low water at site B2 on 25 May e W E depth distribution of vertical current speed at lower low water at site C4 on 21 May f N S depth distribution of vertical current speed at lower low water at site C4 on 21 May W-E-oriented current speeds are indicated by U and N-S-oriented current speeds by V (see Fig. 1 for site locations) reaching m/s at the nearshore site B2, and m/s at the offshore site C4 whereas the values were only m/s at maximum ebb at the other offshore sites C1, C3 and C5. Correspondingly, SSCs in bottom water layers at lower low water at sites B2 and C4 were substantially higher than those at maximum ebb at sites C1, C3 and C5. Presumably, the anomalous current at lower low water serves as a significant mechanism in reworking the seafloor. Chen et al. (2003) reported that highly lami-

6 257 Fig. 4a Temporal variations in SSC in surface, mid-depth and bottom (1 m above seafloor) waters on May 2001 at site B2. b Vertical distribution of turbidity at low water (06:00) and lower low water (18:00) on 25 May 2001 at site B2. LW Low water, LLW lower low water, HW high water (see Fig. 1 for site locations) nated sediments periodically interbedded with scouring surfaces prevail in the modern Changjiang pro-delta facies (between E and E), indicating strongly reactivated sedimentation resulting from highspeed sub-bottom tidal current processes. This is consistent with the findings of Sternberg et al. (1985) who witnessed that the threshold of grain motion is exceeded in 65% of all tidal cycles in the region, and that bedload transport is the dominant mode of grain movement, owing to the dominant bottom velocity of tidal currents on the continental shelf of the East China Sea. In addition, the high-speed current documented in the present study may weaken flocculation prevailing in the estuary during lower low water, as suggested by the low SSC and low turbidity recorded in mid-depth and surface waters. Current knowledge of sediment dispersal patterns in and off the Changjiang River mouth, where water depth ranges from 10 to 60 m, is relatively limited. The anomalous current at lower low water investigated here reveals not only active sediment dynamics in association with resuspension, but also a southward sediment transport route. This highlights the need to adequately Table 1 Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at sites C1, C3, C4 and C5 off the Changjiang River mouth. At sites C1, C3 and C5, SSCs were measured at maximum ebb in the period May The high SSC value at site C4 (italics) at the seafloor was recorded at lower low water on 21 May 2001 Site Water depth SSC (m) (g/l) C Bottom water C Bottom water C Bottom water C Bottom water 0.023

7 258 estimate fine-grained sediment flux from the Changjiang Estuary offshore, as well as erosion/sedimentation rates in the estuary. Such information would be vital for geoengineering projects in the area, especially after completion of the so-called three-gorges dam project in 2009 (Chen et al. 2001). In conclusion, the anomalous high-speed current identified at lower low water is evidently a critical hydrodynamic phenomenon near and off the Changjiang River mouth. Despite its short duration, this event probably plays a prominent role in resuspending estuarine seafloor deposits and in rerouting sediment dispersal from the TM zone offshore. More field observations are needed to further examine the characteristics of this anomalous current, as well as associated processes such as sediment resuspension and dispersal. Acknowledgements Our appreciation goes to Professors Z. Shi, M. Byrnes and R. Kostaschuk for their critical reviews and useful comments. We are grateful to D.C. Chen, T.Y. Wei, H.S. Yao, Y.W. Zhao and L.Q. Li for their painstaking sampling during the investigation. The Shanghai No. 1 Marine Geological Team conducted the sea cruise. This study was supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation (grant no ), APN/ START (grant no ), the Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline, and the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. References Chen JY, Shen HT, Yun CX (1988) Dynamic processes and morphological evolution of the Changjiang estuary (in Chinese). Shanghai Science and Technology Press Chen JY, Li DJ, Chen BL, Hu FX, Zhu HF, Liu CZ (1999) The processes of dynamic sedimentation in the Changjiang Estuary. J Sea Res 41: Chen Z, Song BP, Wang ZH, Cai YL (2000) Late Quaternary evolution of the sub-aqueous Yangtze Delta, China: sedimentation, stratigraphy, palynology, and deformation. Mar Geol 162: Chen Z, Li J, Shen H, Wang Z (2001) Yangtze River of China: historical analysis of discharge variability and sediment flux. Geomorphology 41:77 91 Chen Z, Saito Y, Hori K, Zhao YW, Kitamura A (2003) Early Holocene mud-ridge formation in the Yangtze offshore, China: a tidal controlled estuarine pattern and sea-level implications. Mar Geol 198: He Q, Yun CX, Shi WR (1999) Remote sensing analysis of surface suspended sediment concentration in the Changjiang estuary. Prog Nat Sci 9(6): He Q, Li JF, Li Y, Jin XS, Che Y (2001) Field measurements of bottom boundary layer processes and sediment resuspension in the Changjiang estuary. Sci China Ser B 44 (Suppl):80 86 Li J, Zhang C (1998) Sediment resuspension and implications for turbidity maximum in the Changjiang estuary. Mar Geol 148: Milliman JD, Jin QM (eds) (1985) Sediment dynamics of the Changjiang estuary and the adjacent east China sea. Cont Shelf Res 4(1/2):1 251 Milliman JD, Shen HT, Yang ZS, Meade RH (1985) Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent continental shelf. Cont Shelf Res 4(1/2):37 45 Shen HT, Pan D (2001) Turbidity maximum in the Changjiang estuary (in Chinese). China Ocean Press, Beijing Shen HT, Li JF, Zhu HF, Han MB, Zhou FG (1993) Transport of the suspended sediment in the Changjiang estuary. Int J Sediment Res 7(3):45 63 Shi Z, Ren LF, Zhang SY, Chen JY (1997) Acoustic imaging of cohesive sediment resuspension and re-entrainment in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea. Geo-Mar Lett 17(2): Shi Z, Ren LF, Hamilton LJ (1999) Acoustic profiling of fine suspension concentration in the Changjiang estuary. Estuaries 22(3A): Sternberg RW, Larsen LH, Miao YT (1985) Tidally driven sediment transport on the East China Sea continental shelf. Cont Shelf Res 4(1/2): Wu JX, Shen HT, Xiao CY (2001) Sediment classification and estimation of suspended sediment fluxes in the Changjiang estuary, China. Water Resource Res 37(7): Yang CS, Sun JS (1988) Tidal sand ridges on the East China Sea shelf. In: de Boer PL, van Gelder A, Nio SD (eds) Tidalinfluenced sedimentary environments and facies. D Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 23 38

ADP-flow velocity profile to interpret hydromorphological features of China s Yangtze Three-Gorges valley

ADP-flow velocity profile to interpret hydromorphological features of China s Yangtze Three-Gorges valley Chinese Science Bulletin 2005 Vol. 50 No. 7 679 684 ADP-flow velocity profile to interpret hydromorphological features of China s Yangtze Three-Gorges valley CHEN Jing 1, CHEN Zhongyuan 2,3, XU Kaiqin

More information

Main issues of Deltas

Main issues of Deltas Global sediment supply to coastal seas and oceans; location of major river deltas RIVER DELTAS Depositional processes - Course Coastal Morphodynamics GEO3-436; lecture 4 Nile Delta, Egypt Solo Delta, Java,

More information

The spatial distribution of suspended sediment analysis along Krueng Cut River, Banda Aceh

The spatial distribution of suspended sediment analysis along Krueng Cut River, Banda Aceh IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS The spatial distribution of suspended sediment analysis along Krueng Cut River, Banda Aceh To cite this article: M Irham et al 08

More information

Numerical Experiment on the Fortnight Variation of the Residual Current in the Ariake Sea

Numerical Experiment on the Fortnight Variation of the Residual Current in the Ariake Sea Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea, Eds., A. Ishimatsu and H.-J. Lie, pp. 41 48. by TERRAPUB and Nagasaki University, 2010. Numerical Experiment on the Fortnight Variation

More information

Persistent effects of the Yellow River on the Chinese marginal seas began at least. ~880 ka ago

Persistent effects of the Yellow River on the Chinese marginal seas began at least. ~880 ka ago Persistent effects of the Yellow River on the Chinese marginal seas began at least ~880 ka ago Zhengquan Yao, Xuefa Shi, Shuqing Qiao, Qingsong Liu, Selvaraj Kandasamy, Jianxing Liu, Yanguang Liu, Jihua

More information

Character and History of the Yangtze Mud Wedge, Fujian Province

Character and History of the Yangtze Mud Wedge, Fujian Province Character and History of the Yangtze Mud Wedge, Fujian Province John D. Milliman Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Pt, VA 23062 phone: (804) 684-7112 fax: (804)

More information

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(12): Research Article. Evolution of the radial sand ridges off Subei Coast

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(12): Research Article. Evolution of the radial sand ridges off Subei Coast Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013, 5(12):732-737 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Evolution of the radial sand ridges off Subei Coast

More information

ESTIMATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION IN ESTUARY

ESTIMATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION IN ESTUARY 1 ESTIMATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION IN ESTUARY ZHIYAO SONG,JUN KONG, WEISHENG ZHANG and YUN XING College of Traffic and Ocean Engineering and Eco-environmental Modeling center, Hohai University,

More information

Shelf And Slope Sediment Transport In Strataform

Shelf And Slope Sediment Transport In Strataform Shelf And Slope Sediment Transport In Strataform David A. Cacchione Woods Hole Group 1167 Oddstad Drive Redwood City, MA 94063 phone: 650-298-0520 fax: 650-298-0523 email: dcacchione@whgrp.com Award #:

More information

Sediment Transport and Strata Formation in the Adriatic Sea

Sediment Transport and Strata Formation in the Adriatic Sea Sediment Transport and Strata Formation in the Adriatic Sea Wayne R. Geyer James D. Irish Peter A. Traykovski Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 Tel. (508) 289-2868, Fax: (508) 457-2194,

More information

Seasonal Changes in the Mekong River Delta's Distributary Channels and Nearshore Sedimentary Environments

Seasonal Changes in the Mekong River Delta's Distributary Channels and Nearshore Sedimentary Environments DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Seasonal Changes in the Mekong River Delta's Distributary Channels and Nearshore Sedimentary Environments Paul Liu & David

More information

L7/ Historical Perspec=ve, Deltas

L7/ Historical Perspec=ve, Deltas Colin Woodroffe (2002) Coasts: Form, Process and Evolu=on, Outline of Chapter 7: L7/1 L7/2 7.1. Historical Perspec=ve, 7.1.1. Deltas Herodotus (450, B.C.) delta = Shape of Nile River Delta = Δ Gilbert

More information

Characteristics of sediment distribution and influencing factors at the Lingshanwan bathing beach of Qingdao

Characteristics of sediment distribution and influencing factors at the Lingshanwan bathing beach of Qingdao 33 2 2014 4 MARINE SCIENCE BULLETIN Vol. 33,No. 2 Apr. 2014 Doi 10. 11840/j. issn. 1001-6392. 2014. 02. 006 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1. 2665802. 3. 2660714. 257061 266061 - P736.21 P76 A 1001-69322014 02-0157-06

More information

Calculation and Analysis of Momentum Coefficients in the Changjiang River Estuary

Calculation and Analysis of Momentum Coefficients in the Changjiang River Estuary Third Chinese-German Joint Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Engineering National Cheng Kung University, Tainan November 8-16, 2006 Calculation and Analysis of Momentum Coefficients in the Changjiang River

More information

TIDAL FLAT EVOLUTION AT THE CENTRAL JIANGSU COAST, CHINA

TIDAL FLAT EVOLUTION AT THE CENTRAL JIANGSU COAST, CHINA Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 211) December 14 16, 211, Hong Kong, China TIDAL FLAT EVOLUTION AT THE CENTRAL JIANGSU COAST, CHINA Z. GONG State Key

More information

Has Suspended Sediment Concentration Near the Mouth Bar of the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary Been Declining in Recent Years?

Has Suspended Sediment Concentration Near the Mouth Bar of the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary Been Declining in Recent Years? Has Suspended Sediment Concentration Near the Mouth Bar of the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary Been Declining in Recent Years? Author(s): Zhi-Jun Dai ; Ao Chu ; Wei-Hua Li ; Jiu-Fa Li ; and Hua-Lin Wu Source:

More information

Fluid-Mud Deposits of the Lower Jurassic Tilje Formation, Offshore Mid-Norway By Aitor A. Ichaso and Robert W. Dalrymple 1

Fluid-Mud Deposits of the Lower Jurassic Tilje Formation, Offshore Mid-Norway By Aitor A. Ichaso and Robert W. Dalrymple 1 Fluid-Mud Deposits of the Lower Jurassic Tilje Formation, Offshore Mid-Norway By Aitor A. Ichaso and Robert W. Dalrymple 1 Search and Discovery Article #50107 (2008) Posted August 10, 2008 *Adapted from

More information

Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 2014

Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 2014 Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 204 Mixed Cohesive/Non-cohesive Sediments Sedimentation in Estuary: Flocculation Deposition Erosion Transport Consolidation *: It has been recognized that when the fraction

More information

CURRENT ACTIVITY IN THE THERMAIKOS GULF CONTINENTAL MARGIN, IN RELATION TO MODERN SEDIMENTATION PROCESSES

CURRENT ACTIVITY IN THE THERMAIKOS GULF CONTINENTAL MARGIN, IN RELATION TO MODERN SEDIMENTATION PROCESSES ελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τοµ. XXXVI, 2004 Πρακτικά 10 ου ιεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσ/νίκη Απρίλιος 2004 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XXXVI, 2004 Proceedings of the 10 th

More information

GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH

GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH 22 4 2003 7 GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol. 22, No. 4 J uly, 2003,,,, (, 200062 ) : 2002 3 ADCP ENDECO OBS 150km,, :, 2, ;,, ; : ; ; ; ; : P737112 + 1 ; P33215 : 100020585 (2003) 0420513207,,, [1 8 ],,, [1

More information

Linking Sediment Transport in the Hudson from the Tidal River to the Estuary

Linking Sediment Transport in the Hudson from the Tidal River to the Estuary Linking Sediment Transport in the Hudson from the Tidal River to the Estuary Or, what happened to all the mud from Irene? David Ralston, Rocky Geyer, John Warner, Gary Wall Hudson River Foundation seminar

More information

Michael Walsworth, Ryan Sullivan, Simi Odueyungbo, William Budd

Michael Walsworth, Ryan Sullivan, Simi Odueyungbo, William Budd Michael Walsworth, Ryan Sullivan, Simi Odueyungbo, William Budd Estuarine Environment At first (Pritchard, 1967), an estuary was defined by the salinity of the water. Then by Clifton (1982) as an inlet

More information

3.3 Classification Diagrams Estuarine Zone Coastal Lagoons References Physical Properties and Experiments in

3.3 Classification Diagrams Estuarine Zone Coastal Lagoons References Physical Properties and Experiments in Contents 1 Introduction to Estuary Studies... 1 1.1 Why to Study Estuaries?.... 1 1.2 Origin and Geological Age... 4 1.3 Definition and Terminology... 7 1.4 Policy and Actions to Estuary Preservation....

More information

Dynamics of the Ems Estuary

Dynamics of the Ems Estuary Dynamics of the Ems Estuary Physics of coastal systems Jerker Menninga 0439738 Utrecht University Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht Lecturer: Prof. dr. H.E. de Swart Abstract During

More information

Comparing suspended sediment concentrations derived from a model and collected in a tidally dominated area

Comparing suspended sediment concentrations derived from a model and collected in a tidally dominated area Comparing suspended sediment concentrations derived from a model and collected in a tidally dominated area Maryam Rahbani, Department of oceanic and atmospheric science University of Hormozgan, maryamrahbani@yahoo.com

More information

CHAPTER TWO HUNDRED FOUR

CHAPTER TWO HUNDRED FOUR CHAPTER TWO HUNDRED FOUR Lateral Distributions of Water, Salt and Sediment Transport in a Partly Mixed Estuary R.J. Uncles, R.C.A. Elliott and S.A. Weston The transverse structure of the residual transport

More information

Predicting the Evolution of Tidal Channels in Muddy Coastlines

Predicting the Evolution of Tidal Channels in Muddy Coastlines Predicting the Evolution of Tidal Channels in Muddy Coastlines Sergio Fagherazzi Address Department of Earth Sciences and Center for Computational Science, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 Phone: 617-353-2092

More information

Sediment Transport at Density Fronts in Shallow Water: a Continuation of N

Sediment Transport at Density Fronts in Shallow Water: a Continuation of N DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Sediment Transport at Density Fronts in Shallow Water: a Continuation of N00014-08-1-0846 David K. Ralston Applied Ocean

More information

Applying Gerris to Mixing and Sedimentation in Estuaries

Applying Gerris to Mixing and Sedimentation in Estuaries Applying Gerris to Mixing and Sedimentation in Estuaries Timothy R. Keen U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, U.S.A. 4 July 2011 Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France

More information

Supporting Information for. Spatiotemporal Trends of Elemental Carbon and Char/Soot Ratios in

Supporting Information for. Spatiotemporal Trends of Elemental Carbon and Char/Soot Ratios in 1 2 3 4 Supporting Information for Spatiotemporal Trends of Elemental Carbon and Char/Soot Ratios in Five Sediment Cores from Eastern China Marginal Seas: Indicators of Anthropogenic Activities and Transport

More information

6.0 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

6.0 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Coastal Geomorphology Study - 74 - November 2004 6.0 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 6.1 SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS 6.1.1 Bed Sediment Properties The size distribution of sediments on Roberts Bank was determined using

More information

Decrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during

Decrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L11705, doi:10.1029/2007gl029631, 2007 Decrease of light rain events in summer associated with a warming environment in China during 1961 2005 Weihong Qian, 1 Jiaolan

More information

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER MOUTH ESTUARY

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER MOUTH ESTUARY SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVER MOUTH ESTUARY Katsuhide YOKOYAMA, Dr.Eng. dredge Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Osawa, Hachioji,, Tokyo,

More information

Sediment Transport Modelling of Proposed Maintenance Dredging of the Outer and Inner Berths at the Aughinish Marine Terminal, Shannon Estuary

Sediment Transport Modelling of Proposed Maintenance Dredging of the Outer and Inner Berths at the Aughinish Marine Terminal, Shannon Estuary Sediment Transport Modelling of Proposed Maintenance Dredging of the Outer and Inner Berths at the Aughinish Marine Terminal, Shannon Estuary Prepared for Malachy Walsh & Partners On behalf of Aughinish

More information

Altered morphodynamics in tidallyinfluenced rivers: re-thinking catchment management, flood risk & material fluxes

Altered morphodynamics in tidallyinfluenced rivers: re-thinking catchment management, flood risk & material fluxes Altered morphodynamics in tidallyinfluenced rivers: re-thinking catchment management, flood risk & material fluxes Paul A. Brewer, Mark G. Macklin, Marc Huband and Sara Rassner Centre for Catchment and

More information

Long term in situ observations on typhoon triggered turbidity currents (TC) in the deep sea

Long term in situ observations on typhoon triggered turbidity currents (TC) in the deep sea Long term in situ observations on typhoon triggered turbidity currents (TC) in the deep sea Article in Geology June 2018 Yanwei Zhang1*, Zhifei Liu1, Yulong Zhao1, Christophe Colin2, Xiaodong Zhang1, Meng

More information

A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 2. Sensitivity experiments

A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 2. Sensitivity experiments JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. C5, 3157, doi:10.1029/2002jc001452, 2003 A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 2. Sensitivity

More information

Hindcasting morphodynamic evolution with sand mud interactions in the Yangtze Estuary

Hindcasting morphodynamic evolution with sand mud interactions in the Yangtze Estuary doi:10.5194/piahs-368-430-2015 430 Remote Sensing and GIS for Hydrology and Water Resources (IAHS Publ. 368, 2015) (Proceedings RSHS14 and ICGRHWE14, Guangzhou, China, August 2014). Hindcasting morphodynamic

More information

Caspian Rapid Sea Level Changing Impact on Estuaries Morphodynamic Deformation

Caspian Rapid Sea Level Changing Impact on Estuaries Morphodynamic Deformation 2013, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com Caspian Rapid Sea Level Changing Impact on Estuaries Morphodynamic Deformation Naser Ebadati

More information

From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang)

From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang) From micro to macro scale the impact on the sediment discharge after construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River (Changjiang) Aleksandra Dewiszek 9th International SedNet conference Solving societal

More information

Changes in Geomorphology and Backscatter Patterns in Mount Misery Shoal, Long Island Sound as Revealed through Multiple Multibeam Surveys

Changes in Geomorphology and Backscatter Patterns in Mount Misery Shoal, Long Island Sound as Revealed through Multiple Multibeam Surveys Changes in Geomorphology and Backscatter Patterns in Mount Misery Shoal, Long Island Sound as Revealed through Multiple Multibeam Surveys Laurie A. Zaleski Laurie.Zaleski@msrc.sunysb.edu, Roger D. Flood

More information

East Asia & Southeast Asia region

East Asia & Southeast Asia region Deltas at Risk Dynamics and vulnerability of river delta system East Asia & Southeast Asia region Yoshiki Saito Geological Survey of Japan Huanghe (Yellow River) Plateau Tibetan Himalayas Old Huanghe (500

More information

Reading Material. See class website. Sediments, from Oceanography M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall

Reading Material. See class website. Sediments, from Oceanography M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall Reading Material See class website Sediments, from Oceanography M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall Materials filling ocean basins Dissolved chemicals especially from rivers and mid-ocean ridges (volcanic eruptions)

More information

Lake Levels and Climate Change in Maine and Eastern North America during the last 12,000 years

Lake Levels and Climate Change in Maine and Eastern North America during the last 12,000 years Maine Geologic Facts and Localities December, 2000 Lake Levels and Climate Change in Maine and Eastern North America during the last 12,000 years Text by Robert A. Johnston, Department of Agriculture,

More information

DATA REPOSITORY MATERIAL: PALEOCHANNEL GROUP MAPPING DESCRIPTIONS

DATA REPOSITORY MATERIAL: PALEOCHANNEL GROUP MAPPING DESCRIPTIONS Data Repository item 2695 DATA REPOSITORY MATERIAL: PALEOCHANNEL GROUP MAPPING DESCRIPTIONS Groups 1 (North Myrtle Beach) and 2 (Atlantic Beach) Channel Groups 1 (North Myrtle Beach) and 2 (Atlantic Beach)

More information

Dominant zooplankton species shift in the Changjiang River Estuary and its possible causes

Dominant zooplankton species shift in the Changjiang River Estuary and its possible causes June 1, 2007 Hiroshima Dominant zooplankton species shift in the Changjiang River Estuary and its possible causes ZHANG Guang-Tao Ph. D The Changjiang River Estuary (CRE) had attracted attention, because:

More information

The Impact of Changing Winds on Estuarine Evolution, Copano Bay, TX

The Impact of Changing Winds on Estuarine Evolution, Copano Bay, TX The Impact of Changing Winds on Estuarine Evolution, Copano Bay, TX Purpose: The fulfillment of partial requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geology Oklahoma State University, Stillwater

More information

The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes

The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Coast: es and Shoreline Processes Trujillo & Thurman, Chapter 10 Oceanography 101 Chapter Objectives Recognize the various landforms characteristic of beaches and coastal regions.

More information

Combining SES and ADCP to measure mud transport processes in tide-controlled estuaries

Combining SES and ADCP to measure mud transport processes in tide-controlled estuaries 7 th Workshop Seabed Acoustics, Rostock, November 19/20, 2015 P06-1 Combining SES and ADCP to measure mud transport processes in tide-controlled estuaries Dr. Marius Becker Centre for Marine Sciences (MARUM),

More information

The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes Trujillo & Thurman, Chapter 10

The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes Trujillo & Thurman, Chapter 10 The Coast: es and Shoreline Processes Trujillo & Thurman, Chapter 10 Oceanography 101 Chapter Objectives Recognize the various landforms characteristic of beaches and coastal regions. Identify seasonal

More information

ANALYSIS OF COASTAL EVOLUTION OF THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

ANALYSIS OF COASTAL EVOLUTION OF THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2013) Bali, Indonesia, September 24-26, 2013 ANALYSIS OF COASTAL EVOLUTION OF THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY BASED ON REMOTE

More information

Enhanced Movements of Sands off the Saemangeum Dyke by an Interplay of Dyke Construction and Winter Monsoon

Enhanced Movements of Sands off the Saemangeum Dyke by an Interplay of Dyke Construction and Winter Monsoon Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea, Eds., A. Ishimatsu and H.-J. Lie, pp. 49 70. by TERRAPUB and Nagasaki University, 2010. Enhanced Movements of Sands off the Saemangeum

More information

A quantitative assessment of human impacts on decrease in sediment flux from major Chinese rivers entering the western Pacific Ocean

A quantitative assessment of human impacts on decrease in sediment flux from major Chinese rivers entering the western Pacific Ocean Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L19603, doi:10.1029/2009gl039513, 2009 A quantitative assessment of human impacts on decrease in sediment flux from major Chinese rivers

More information

SEDIMENT AND CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR CHINESE RIVERS USING MERIS IMAGERY

SEDIMENT AND CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR CHINESE RIVERS USING MERIS IMAGERY SEDIMENT AND CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR CHINESE RIVERS USING MERIS IMAGERY P.J. Mulhearn (1) and Ian S. F. Jones (2) (1) Ocean Technology Group J05, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia; phil.mulhearn@otg.usyd.edu.au

More information

Processes Affecting Exchange of Mud Between Tidal Channels and Flats

Processes Affecting Exchange of Mud Between Tidal Channels and Flats DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Processes Affecting Exchange of Mud Between Tidal Channels and Flats Timothy G. Milligan and Brent A. Law Fisheries and

More information

SEA BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION OF KUALA BESAR KELANTAN RIVER DELTA AND ITS OFFSHORE AREAS

SEA BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION OF KUALA BESAR KELANTAN RIVER DELTA AND ITS OFFSHORE AREAS BORNEO SCIENCE 35: SEPTEMBER 2014 SEA BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION OF KUALA BESAR KELANTAN RIVER DELTA AND ITS OFFSHORE AREAS Nurul Afifah Mohd Radzir* 1, Che Aziz Ali 1, Kamal Roslan Mohamed

More information

Geol 117 Lecture 18 Beaches & Coastlines. I. Types of Coastlines A. Definition:

Geol 117 Lecture 18 Beaches & Coastlines. I. Types of Coastlines A. Definition: I. Types of Coastlines A. Definition: 1. Shore = narrow zone where ocean meets land (e.g. beach) 2. Coast is a broad area where both ocean and land processes act a. Includes onshore marshes, dunes, sea

More information

Modeling the Columbia River Plume on the Oregon Shelf during Summer Upwelling. 2 Model

Modeling the Columbia River Plume on the Oregon Shelf during Summer Upwelling. 2 Model Modeling the Columbia River Plume on the Oregon Shelf during Summer Upwelling D. P. Fulton August 15, 2007 Abstract The effects of the Columbia River plume on circulation on the Oregon shelf are analyzed

More information

Forecast of Nearshore Wave Parameters Using MIKE-21 Spectral Wave Model

Forecast of Nearshore Wave Parameters Using MIKE-21 Spectral Wave Model Forecast of Nearshore Wave Parameters Using MIKE-21 Spectral Wave Model Felix Jose 1 and Gregory W. Stone 2 1 Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 2 Coastal Studies

More information

SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE CIRCULATION AND WAVE CLIMATE USING HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR

SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE CIRCULATION AND WAVE CLIMATE USING HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE CIRCULATION AND WAVE CLIMATE USING HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR Apisit Kongprom,Siriluk Prukpitikul, Varatip Buakaew, Watchara Kesdech, and Teerawat Suwanlertcharoen Geo-Informatics

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 154 (2016 )

Available online at   ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 154 (2016 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 154 (2016 ) 574 581 12th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, HIC 2016 Research on the Strength and Space-time Distribution

More information

6 THE SIZE AND SETTLING VELOCITY OF FINE-GRAINED SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY. A SYNTHESIS

6 THE SIZE AND SETTLING VELOCITY OF FINE-GRAINED SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY. A SYNTHESIS 6 THE SIZE AND SETTLING VELOCITY OF FINE-GRAINED SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY. A SYNTHESIS 6.1 Introduction The general aim of this study was to assess the variations in the size and settling

More information

Geochemical compositions of river and shelf sediments in the Yellow Sea: Grain-size normalization and sediment provenance

Geochemical compositions of river and shelf sediments in the Yellow Sea: Grain-size normalization and sediment provenance ARTICLE IN PRESS Continental Shelf Research 26 (2006) 15 24 www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Geochemical compositions of river and shelf sediments in the Yellow Sea: Grain-size normalization and sediment provenance

More information

Sediment Trapping Pathways and Mechanisms through the Mekong Tidal River and Subaqueous Delta

Sediment Trapping Pathways and Mechanisms through the Mekong Tidal River and Subaqueous Delta DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Sediment Trapping Pathways and Mechanisms through the Mekong Tidal River and Subaqueous Delta Andrea S. Ogston School of

More information

Chapter 8 - pg. 1 CHAPTER 8 ESTUARIES. To paraphrase Pritchard, a pioneer in studies of estuarine circulation,

Chapter 8 - pg. 1 CHAPTER 8 ESTUARIES. To paraphrase Pritchard, a pioneer in studies of estuarine circulation, Chapter 8 - pg 1 CHAPTER 8 ESTUARIES Estuaries are semi-closed basins in which a rather complex interaction between river inputs, tidal currents and wind leads to the turbulent mixing of salt from the

More information

Appendix G.19 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Maintenance Dredging at the Materials Offloading Facility

Appendix G.19 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Maintenance Dredging at the Materials Offloading Facility Appendix G.19 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Maintenance Dredging at the Materials Offloading Facility Project Memo H345670 To: Capt. David Kyle From: O. Sayao/L. Absalonsen December

More information

1 Shoreline Landforms 2. 2 Emergent v. Submergent 2. 3 Wavecutting 3. 4 Planview 4. 5 Marine Terraces 5. 6 California 7. 7 Tombolos, Sea Stacks 8

1 Shoreline Landforms 2. 2 Emergent v. Submergent 2. 3 Wavecutting 3. 4 Planview 4. 5 Marine Terraces 5. 6 California 7. 7 Tombolos, Sea Stacks 8 Shorelines November 9, 2008 Contents 1 Shoreline Landforms 2 2 Emergent v. Submergent 2 3 Wavecutting 3 4 Planview 4 5 Marine Terraces 5 6 California 7 7 Tombolos, Sea Stacks 8 8 Active Processes 9 9 Emergence

More information

Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998

Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998 Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998 LIU Yonggang, YUAN Yaochu, SU Jilan & JIANG Jingzhong Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Hangzhou 310012, China;

More information

Coastal Oceanography. Coastal Oceanography. Coastal Waters

Coastal Oceanography. Coastal Oceanography. Coastal Waters Coastal Oceanography Coastal Oceanography 95% of ocean life is in coastal waters (320 km from shore) Estuaries and wetlands are among most productive ecosystems on Earth Major shipping routes, oil and

More information

The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height

The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCE LETTERS, 2015, VOL. 8, NO. 6, 371 375 The Interdecadal Variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High as Measured by 500 hpa Eddy Geopotential Height HUANG Yan-Yan and

More information

Study on Prediction Method of Fluvial Facies Sandbody in Fluvial Shallow Water Delta

Study on Prediction Method of Fluvial Facies Sandbody in Fluvial Shallow Water Delta IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 5, Issue 3 Ver. II (May - June 2017), PP 43-47 www.iosrjournals.org Study on Prediction Method of

More information

Chapter 3 Sedimentation of clay minerals

Chapter 3 Sedimentation of clay minerals Chapter 3 Sedimentation of clay minerals 3.1 Clay sedimentation on land 3.2 From land to sea 3.3 Clay sedimentation in the sea 1 3.1 Clay sedimentation on land Deserts Glaciers Rivers Lacustrine 2 University

More information

Submarine Sand Dunes on the Continental Slope in the South China Sea and Their Impact on Internal Wave Transformation and Acoustic Propagation

Submarine Sand Dunes on the Continental Slope in the South China Sea and Their Impact on Internal Wave Transformation and Acoustic Propagation DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Submarine Sand Dunes on the Continental Slope in the South China Sea and Their Impact on Internal Wave Transformation and

More information

Geological/Geophysical Studies in East Asian Marginal Seas, FY2002

Geological/Geophysical Studies in East Asian Marginal Seas, FY2002 Geological/Geophysical Studies in East Asian Marginal Seas, FY2002 John D. Milliman and Jesse McNinch School of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Pt, VA 23062 Phone: 804-684-7112, 7191

More information

S.L. Yang 1, Z. Shi 2, H.Y. Zhao 1, P. Li 1, S.B. Dai 1 and A. Gao 1

S.L. Yang 1, Z. Shi 2, H.Y. Zhao 1, P. Li 1, S.B. Dai 1 and A. Gao 1 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8(6), 1210 1216 (2004) S.L. Yang, Z. Shi, H.Y. Zhao 1, P. Li, S.B. Dai and A. Gao EGU Research Note: Effects of human activities on the Yangtze River suspended sediment

More information

Changes in bottom morphology of Long Island Sound near Mount Misery Shoal as observed through Repeated Multibeam Surveys

Changes in bottom morphology of Long Island Sound near Mount Misery Shoal as observed through Repeated Multibeam Surveys Changes in bottom morphology of Long Island Sound near Mount Misery Shoal as observed through Repeated Multibeam Surveys Laurie A. Zaleski Laurie.Zaleski@msrc.sunysb.edu Roger D. Flood rflood@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

More information

Sedimentary Basins. Gerhard Einsele. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

Sedimentary Basins. Gerhard Einsele. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Gerhard Einsele Sedimentary Basins Evolution, Facies, and Sediment Budget With 269 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents Part I Types

More information

Oceanography. Oceanography is the study of the deep sea and shallow coastal oceans.

Oceanography. Oceanography is the study of the deep sea and shallow coastal oceans. Oceanography Oceanography is the study of the deep sea and shallow coastal oceans. Studying the Ocean Floor To determine the shape and composition of the ocean floor, scientists use techniques such as

More information

THE SETTLING OF MUD FLOCS IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY, THE NETHERLANDS

THE SETTLING OF MUD FLOCS IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY, THE NETHERLANDS THE SETTLING OF MUD FLOCS IN THE DOLLARD ESTUARY, THE NETHERLANDS SUMMARY Chapter 1 Introduction and literature review Morphological changes of estuarine channels and tidal flats depend on erosion, sediment

More information

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND GO-CONG MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE MODELING BY TELEMAC MODEL SUITE

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND GO-CONG MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE MODELING BY TELEMAC MODEL SUITE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND GO-CONG MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE MODELING BY TELEMAC MODEL SUITE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 2 2. OBJECTIVES... 2 3. METHOLOGY... 2 4. MODEL CALIBRATION, VALIDATION OF SEDIMENT

More information

Sediment variability and transport in the littoral area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, northern Jiangsu

Sediment variability and transport in the littoral area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, northern Jiangsu J. Geogr. Sci. 2014, 24(4): 717-730 DOI: 10.1007/s11442-014-1115-1 2014 Science Press Springer-Verlag Sediment variability and transport in the littoral area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta, northern

More information

STUDY THE MIGRATION OF THE TIDAL LIMIT AND

STUDY THE MIGRATION OF THE TIDAL LIMIT AND Chinese-German Joint Symposium on Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, August 4-, 8, Darmstadt STUDY THE MIGRATION OF THE TIDAL LIMIT AND THE TIDAL CURRENT LIMIT OF THE YANGTZE RIVER UNDER ITS EXTREME HIGH

More information

A 3D unstructured numerical model of Ems-Dollart estuary Observations and 3-D modeling. Pein JU, Stanev EV, Zhang YJ.

A 3D unstructured numerical model of Ems-Dollart estuary Observations and 3-D modeling. Pein JU, Stanev EV, Zhang YJ. A 3D unstructured numerical model of Ems-Dollart estuary Observations and 3-D modeling Pein JU, Stanev EV, Zhang YJ. in the framework of Future-Ems project. Model area & general research issues - Ems river

More information

An Intensive Field Survey of Physical Environments in a Mangrove Forest

An Intensive Field Survey of Physical Environments in a Mangrove Forest An Intensive Field Survey of Physical Environments in a Mangrove Forest Yasuo ihei ), Kazuo adaoka 2), Yasunori Aoki ), Kensui Wakaki 2), Hideaki Yai 3) and Keita Furukawa 4) ) Department of Civil Engineering,

More information

Development of Modeling System to Simulate Hydrodynamic and Environmental Quantities in the Hai Phong Estuary, Vietnam

Development of Modeling System to Simulate Hydrodynamic and Environmental Quantities in the Hai Phong Estuary, Vietnam 34 th IAHR World Congress - Balance and Uncertainty 6 June - 1 July 011, Brisbane, Australia 33 rd Hydrology & Water Resources Symposium 10 th Hydraulics Conference Development of Modeling System to Simulate

More information

Characteristics of Variations of Water Properties and Density Structure around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea

Characteristics of Variations of Water Properties and Density Structure around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 54, pp. 605 to 617. 1998 Characteristics of Variations of Water Properties and Density Structure around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea EITAROU OKA and MASAKI KAWABE Ocean

More information

Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response

Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110,, doi:10.1029/2004jf000271, 2005 Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response S. L. Yang and J. Zhang State

More information

Annual transport rates at two locations on the fore-slope.

Annual transport rates at two locations on the fore-slope. Sediment Transport by Currents Fore-slope Sediment transport rates and sediment concentrations were computed from the hydrodynamic model runs as well as from direct measurements of current velocities at

More information

Processes Controlling Transfer of Fine-Grained Sediment in Tidal Systems Spanning a Range of Fluvial Influence

Processes Controlling Transfer of Fine-Grained Sediment in Tidal Systems Spanning a Range of Fluvial Influence DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Processes Controlling Transfer of Fine-Grained Sediment in Tidal Systems Spanning a Range of Fluvial Influence Andrea S.

More information

Appendix G.18 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Potential Impacts of the Marine Structures on the Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation

Appendix G.18 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Potential Impacts of the Marine Structures on the Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation Appendix G.18 Hatch Report Pacific NorthWest LNG Lelu Island LNG Potential Impacts of the Marine Structures on the Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation Patterns Project Memo H345670 To: Capt. David Kyle From:

More information

Supplemental Slides. Shore: Junction of Land & Water. Junction of Land & Water. Sea Level Variations. Shore vs. Coast. Sea Level Variations

Supplemental Slides. Shore: Junction of Land & Water. Junction of Land & Water. Sea Level Variations. Shore vs. Coast. Sea Level Variations Shore: Junction of Land & Water Supplemental Slides Sediments come off land Most get dumped at the beach Sediment interacts with ocean waves and currents Junction of Land & Water Features: Breaking waves,

More information

Shore: Junction of Land & Water. Sediments come off land Most get dumped at the beach Sediment interacts with ocean waves and currents

Shore: Junction of Land & Water. Sediments come off land Most get dumped at the beach Sediment interacts with ocean waves and currents Shore: Junction of Land & Water Supplemental Slides Sediments come off land Most get dumped at the beach Sediment interacts with ocean waves and currents Junction of Land & Water Features: Breaking waves,

More information

Weather & Ocean Currents

Weather & Ocean Currents Weather & Ocean Currents Earth is heated unevenly Causes: Earth is round Earth is tilted on an axis Earth s orbit is eliptical Effects: Convection = vertical circular currents caused by temperature differences

More information

Sediment Flux and Trapping on the Skagit Tidal Flats

Sediment Flux and Trapping on the Skagit Tidal Flats Sediment Flux and Trapping on the Skagit Tidal Flats W. Rockwell Geyer Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 phone: 508-289-2868 fax: 508-457-2194 email: rgeyer@whoi.edu Peter

More information

Sediment Dispersal from the Apennine Rivers

Sediment Dispersal from the Apennine Rivers Sediment Dispersal from the Apennine Rivers Gail C. Kineke Dept of Geology and Geophysics Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 phone: 617-552-3655 fax: 617-552-2462 email:kinekeg@bc.edu Award # N00014-02-1-0234

More information

The Marine Environment

The Marine Environment The Marine Environment SECTION 16.1 Shoreline Features In your textbook, read about erosional landforms, beaches, estuaries, longshore currents, and rip currents. For each statement below, write or. 1.

More information

The Marine Environment

The Marine Environment The Marine Environment SECTION 16.1 Shoreline Features In your textbook, read about erosional landforms, beaches, estuaries, longshore currents, and rip currents. For each statement below, write true or

More information

Sediment transport in distributary channels and its export to the pro-deltaic environment in a tidally dominated delta: Fly River, Papua New Guinea

Sediment transport in distributary channels and its export to the pro-deltaic environment in a tidally dominated delta: Fly River, Papua New Guinea Continental Shelf Research 24 (2004) 2431 2454 www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Sediment transport in distributary channels and its export to the pro-deltaic environment in a tidally dominated delta: Fly River,

More information

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION!

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION! Sed and Strat EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION! 2/27 Lecture 7- Exposure: Weathering and the Sediment Factory 3/04 Lecture 8 - Rivers and Landscapes 3/06 Lecture 9 - Waves (not Tides) 3/11 Lecture

More information

Numerical Modelling of Tidal Circulation and Sediment Transport in the Gulf of Khambhat and Narmada Estuary, West Coast of India

Numerical Modelling of Tidal Circulation and Sediment Transport in the Gulf of Khambhat and Narmada Estuary, West Coast of India Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 18 (): 93 30 (010) ISSN: 018-7680 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Numerical Modelling of Tidal Circulation and Sediment Transport in the Gulf of Khambhat and Narmada Estuary,

More information