The following figures (Figs. DR-2 DR-6) show plots by location and formation in the Gar Basin. See Figure DR-7 for clast counts sites.

Transcription

1 DR91 Tertiary stratiaphy composition plots The following figures (Figs. DR- DR-) ow plots by location and formation in the Gar Basin. See Figure DR-7 for clast counts sites. Abbreviations used in clast count/composition plots Sementary clasts: ay limestone ert sandstone Kailas conglomerate ale siltstone ay mudstone een mudstone red mudstone conglomerate idote conglomerate. Metamorphic clasts: white quartzite red quartzite idote red phyllite ay phyllite een phyllite biotite sist l s lorite sist muscovite sist ct cataclasite ei Igneous clasts: ay andesite een andesite red andesite purple andesite leucoanite vein quartz olite anite pyroxenite orite

2 Data and proceing methods Contents of geodatabase The Ayi Shan-Gar Valley geodatabase is an ArcMap GIS (Geoaphic Information System) database located in the University of Houston Dartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. The database contains the following data for the study area. 1) 1 Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus scene (Landsat ETM+) (3 m resolution) LE7137PFS (satellite acquired /1/, downloaded 11/) ) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emiion and Reflection Raometer (ASTER) A. scenes with Visible-Near-Infrared (VNIR) bands R-G-B=3-- 1 (1 m resolution) AST_L1A.3:17 (satellite acquired /3/1, downloaded /1 ) AST_L1A.3:177 (satellite acquired /3/1 downloaded /1 ) AST_L1A.3:17 (satellite acquired /1/ downloaded /1 ) AST_L1A.3:17733 (satellite acquired 3/1/1 downloaded /1 ) B. 1 band-ratio images (3 m resolution) 3. 1 tiff images from scanned declaified CORONA (~ m resolution). Shuttle Radar Topoaphy Miion (SRTM) data (~9 m resolution) A. Digital elevation models (DEMs) B. Slope maps C. Shaded relief images Data proceing Raw ASTER data were downloaded from and proceed with ENVI software to be able to manipulate a scene. A standard file was created to be able to combine band ratios and visually inspect the scenes. SRTM (version ) data were downloaded from and also proceed in ENVI to create DEMs and hill aded images. A slope map was derived in ENVI using the Topoaphic Modeling algorithm with a kernel size = 3 and oosing the Compute Slope function from the Topoaphic Measures menu. A aded relief image was also created (Topoaphic Measures menu, parameters: azimuth= 31, altitude = ). CORONA strips were scanned at 3 dpi and saved as high resolution tiff images. ASTER and Landsat high resolution tiff images scenes, and CORONA tiff images were exported from ENVI and imported into ArcMap v These scenes were then georeferenced onto an

3 SRTM-derived DEM basemap using well-known control points su as GPS latitude and longitude coornates, intersection points of linear features (i.e. roads) with geomorphologic and topoaphic features, and mating-up topoaphy and geomorphology to create spatial links between the images and the basemap. A minimum of control points were used for ea scene (RMS error ). Ea image was then rectified using the Rectify command available in the Georeferencing toolbox in ArcMap to minimize stortion of the georeferenced scenes and facilitate interpretation. The database has the World Geodetic Survey 19 (WGS 19) datum. Forward modeling of intrabasinal structures Cro-section C-C (Fig. A, B) was used to model the fault geometry, basin scale anticline, and calculate the amount of E-W extension using intrabasinal fault geometries because it approximates the slip rection of intrabasinal faults. We input the stratiaphy and major fault geometries as own in C-C as simple lines in DMove.1. DMove structural modeling software # is a tool that is used to reconstruct deformation using cro-sections as either forward models or restorations. We used the Inclined Shear algorithm to model extension along the Gar fault to rroduce the final geometry presented in C-C. We made several aumptions: 1) deformation of the hanging wall resulted from slip on the Gar fault, ) deformation occurred on antithetic ear planes pping to the west, 3) no deformation occurred on the footwall of the Gar fault as the hanging wall deformed, ) slip occurred from west to east. We slipped the system in sts so that the resulting geometry satisfies the (real) outcrop exposure of anite in the eastern margin and the lack of exposure of the Great Counter Thrust (GCT). We aumed that the unconformity found between the Gar basin fill and the Tethyan Sementary Sequence (TSS) developed during or after slip on the GCT. Thus, the GCT is a primary structure that was used to control the maximum amount of slip that can be calculated on the Zha Jiang, Gar, and Karakoram faults. The detament dth of 1. km satisfies the overall anticline geometry of the basin fill. We calculated, by slipping ea fault (Zha Jiang fault -. km of slip, km of E-W extension; Gar fault km of slip, 1 km of E-W extension; Karakoram fault. km of slip, km of E-W extension) a total of km of E-W extension. Because out-of-plane motion along the faults and splacement along the Ayi Shan were not accounted for, this is a minimum estimate for E-W extension solely for the intrabasinal faults of the Gar basin whi helps us understand the earlier history of the releasing bend basin. ESRI- Environmental Systems Resear Institute, Inc. ENVI -Environment For Visualizing Images, ITT-VIS (Visual Information Solutions) Corp. Shuttle Radar Topoaphy Miion data is housed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Tenology, and is headed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). # Midland Valley, Ltd.

4 Figure Captions Figure DR-1. Bend claification map. Basemap is a DEM derived from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topoaphy Miion) data, 9 m resolution. A) Uninterpreted DEM. B) Outlined western margin of the Gar Basin ows the three orders of claifications. Green-1 st order, Red- nd order, Yellow-3 rd order. Figures C-E ow detail on the margin bends on ASTER 1 m resolution scenes. Figure DR-. Conglomerate clast counts and compositions for various locations in Tcg1. Location is in parentheses accorng to measuring station. For clast count locations, see Figure DR. Figure DR-3. Conglomerate clast counts and compositions for various locations in Tcg. Location is in parentheses accorng to measuring station. For clast count locations, see Figure DR. Figure DR-. Conglomerate clast counts and compositions for various locations in Tcg3. Location is in parentheses accorng to measuring station. For clast count locations, see Figure DR. Figure DR-. Conglomerate clast counts and compositions for various locations in Tcg. Location is in parentheses accorng to measuring station. For clast count locations, see Figure DR. Figure DR-. Conglomerate clast counts and compositions for various locations in Tcg. Location is in parentheses accorng to measuring station. For clast count locations, see Figure DR. Figure DR-7. Clast count location map. Locations for clast counts are incated by red circles with site number next to it.

5 A B Fig. C o 3 N o 3 N Fig. D Fig. E 1st order double-bend nd order bends (sub-basin) 3rd order bends (jogs) o 1 E o 1 E C D E 3 o 3 N 3 o17 3 N 31 o7 3 N 31 o 3 N 3 o1 3 N 31 o 3 N 31 o37 3 N 79 o E 79 o E o1 E o1 E o E Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-1, FigureDR1.ai

6 Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg1 (A7-northern) Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg1 (A-south) n=11 ct l s Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg1 (A1-south) n=97 ct l s n= ct l s Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg1 (A3-south) n=7 ct l s Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-, FigureDR.ai

7 Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A) Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A19-south) 3 n= n= ct Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A) l s ct l s Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A) ct n= l s 1 1 n=7 ct l s Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-3, FigureDR3.ai

8 Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-, FigureDR.ai Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg3 (A3) Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg3 (A11-N) n= n=11 ct l s ct l s Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg3 (A3) n=93 3 Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg3 (A1-N) n= ct l s 1 1 ct l s

9 Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-, FigureDR.ai Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A31) n= ct Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A) l s 1 n= 1 1 ct l s

10 Veronica Sanez, Figure DR-, FigureDR.ai Conglomerate Clast Composition: Tcg (A1) 1 n= 1 ct l s

11 Veronica Sanez, FigureDR-7, FigureDR7.ai A7 A9 A A1 A1 A11 A3 A31 A A1 A A3 A19 A A A A A3 N