Martin David Kamen (August 27, 1913 August 31, 2002) and Sam Ruben (November 5, 1913 September 28, 1943) discovered how to synthesize the isotope
|
|
- Meagan Golden
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Martin David Kamen (August 27, 1913 August 31, 2002) and Sam Ruben (November 5, 1913 September 28, 1943) discovered how to synthesize the isotope Carbon-14 in February 27, Ruben was studying the chemical reactions in photosynthesis and wanted a way to track carbon through the process. He worked with Kamen to synthesize Carbon-14 by hitting graphite (which is pure carbon) with radiation. They also synthesized other isotopes of carbon, including Carbon-11. Carbon-11 wasn t as useful to trace because it had a very short half-life.
2 Sam Ruben, at Berkeley
3 Martin Kamen, at Berkeley
4 Carbon-14 Carbon is a molecule that normally has 6 neutrons and 6 protons, giving it the atomic number 12. Sometimes, radiation and other forces cause a molecule to change the number of neutrons in its nucleus. There are three naturally occurring isotopes (varieties) of carbon. Carbon-14 is the least common in nature and it is unstable it will decay over time into nitrogen.
5
6 Carbon Dating Willard Libby originally posited the use of radiocarbon as a dating method. He and his assistant, Ernie Anderson, then created the process by which to measure the changes in Carbon-14 concentration to determine the age of an artifact. In 1960, Libby was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this. Carbon-14 is useful in dating objects for two reasons. First, Carbon-14 decays at a steady rate. The amount of Carbon-14 in a sample (present when the organism dies) will decrease by half every 5730 years. Second, dead tissues do not absorb Carbon-14, though living tissues do.
7 Samples for radiocarbon dating Artifacts from living things: Trees (paper), cotton, bones, tissue, ivory, food remains Newer artifacts: >55,000 years old. Modern humans began migrating into Europe between thousand years ago. Comparing samples from before 1950 to after: Because of nuclear bomb testing, extra carbon-14 was created. These levels are useful in checking for modern forgeries. Neuroscientists are also using this carbon to check for the onset of Alzheimer s.
8
9 Calibrating the Carbon Clock Any tool used to measure has to be calibrated, whether it s a scale or a clock. There are three main ways scientists calibrate the Carbon Clock. Known Artifacts Scientists can use the age of some known archaeological samples. For example, Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE, destroying and preserving the village of Pompeii. Therefore, artifacts from this site have a known date of death and are very helpful in calibration.
10 Bread from Pompeii, British Museum Tree Rings (Dendrochronology) Scientists can use the reliable pattern in which trees form new rings to determine the age of the tree.
11 Lake Sediment Core samples taken from the lake bed of Lake Suigetsu in Tokyo has provided a record of over 650 carbon dates that can be used to help calibrate the carbon clock.
12 A sediment core layer, used in refining carbon dating
13 What about weird results? Hundreds of thousands of artifacts have been dated using radiocarbon. Occasionally, the results of a carbon test are well, weird. Contaminated Samples In the early 1960s, campfire carbon remains from a Clovis site near Lewisville, Texas, gave a date of "greater than 37,000 years. However, other samples in that area which had previously been dated were much younger. In , a drought lowered lake levels so the site could be re-examined. Further excavations of hearths revealed that in addition to mesquite wood, the Indians were burning lignite, a soft form of coal that outcrops in the area. The lignite is much older than the date of the campfire, giving the unexpected old date. Irregular Carbon Absorption Accuracy depends on the sample obtaining its carbon from the atmosphere, either directly, as with plants, or indirectly as with animals. The shells of living mollusks were once dated as being 2,300 years old! However, tests showed they were absorbing ancient carbon from the local limestone (calcium carbonate) in their habitat. Therefore, archeologists tend to avoid using shells for dating purposes.
14 References Ewen Callaway (October 2012). Carbon dating gets a reset. Scientific American. Kate Wong (June 2001). The dating game. Scientific American. Matthew Hedman. (2007). The Age of Everything. Doug MacDougall. (2008). Nature s Clocks Caforio, L., Fedi, M. E., Mandò, P. A., Minarelli, F., Peccenini, E., Pellicori, V.,... & Taccetti, F. (2014). Discovering forgeries of modern art by the 14C Bomb Peak. The European Physical Journal Plus, 129(1), 1-5. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. What does it mean to be human?: Dating. Retrieved from Hajdas, I.(2009). Applications of Radiocarbon Dating Method. Radiocarbon, 51 (1)
15 Forgeries Detected with Carbon Dating
16 Contraste de forms of the Peggy Guggenheim Collection Bomb testing from drastically changed the amount of radiocarbon in the atmosphere, and therefore the radiocarbon in living organisms (because radiocarbon is not absorbed after death, it doesn t affect existing samples). The 1955 Bomb Peak is helpful in dating newer items. A painting allegedly create by Fernard Leger was the first questioned piece of art to be dated using this technique. Radiocarbon dating proved that the cotton plant from which the canvas was made was cut no earlier than 1959 four years after the artist s death.
17 The Shroud of Turin: In 1988, the Shroud of Turin was radiocarbon tested with the permission of the Vatican. The fibers of the Shroud were from CE. The first time the Shroud was ever mentioned was in the 1350s. Persian Princess Mummy: Found in 2000; radiocarbon dating of the coffin showed it to be about 250 years old. The artifact was actually the mummified remains of a woman who had been murdered in 1996.
18 Limitations of Carbon Dating Sample Size: Sample must be large enough to test Sample Source: Variations in carbon levels due to diet, atmosphere, or other effects can give erroneous results Sample Age: Samples must be relatively new less than 55 thousand years Nonliving Samples: Samples from rock or other sources that have never been living cannot be tested using radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating is one method of using isotopes and other changes in the physical properties of molecules for establishing the age of a sample. In almost all cases, samples are tested using more than one method to help insure accuracy.
Measuring the Age of things (Astro 202 2/12/08) Nomenclature. Different Elements. Three Types of Nuclear Decay. Carbon 14 Decay.
Measuring the Age of things (Astro 202 2/12/08) Nomenclature + Proton Different Elements Neutron Electron Element: Number of Protons Carbon 12 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons Nitrogen 14 7 protons 7 neutrons
More informationHOWEVER WE MUST BE ABLE TO PUT THEM IN THE RIGHT SEQUENCE OR THE STORY THEY TELL DOESN T MAKE SENSE, JUST LIKE A BOOK WITH ITS PAGES OUT OF ORDER
HOWEVER WE MUST BE ABLE TO PUT THEM IN THE RIGHT SEQUENCE OR THE STORY THEY TELL DOESN T MAKE SENSE, JUST LIKE A BOOK WITH ITS PAGES OUT OF ORDER DOESN T MAKE SENSE: ACCURATE DATING METHODS ARE ESSENTIAL
More informationChemistry 19 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes
Chapter 9 Prep-Test Chemistry 9 Prep Test - Nuclear Processes Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. Which of the illustrations above
More informationStudying The Past. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks?
I. What is a Fossil? Studying The Past A. Definition: The evidence or remains of once-living plants or animals Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks? QQ#1 what is a fossil? Why are they important? A.
More information8.7: Dating Woolly Mammoths
8.7: Dating Woolly Mammoths Applying Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Woolly mammoths, an elephant-like mammal, have been extinct for thousands of years. In the last decade, several well-preserved
More informationAccelerator Mass Spectroscopy
Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy (AMS) is a highly sensitive technique that is useful in isotopic analysis of specific elements in small samples (1mg or less of sample containing
More information4/4/17. Dating Methods. Dating in Archaeology. These things date to 2500 B.C. (but there are no completion dates written anywhere on or near them)
Dating in Archaeology These things date to 2500 B.C. (but there are no completion dates written anywhere on or near them) Dating Methods One of the biggest questions in archaeology is WHEN? Successfully
More informationRadiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth
Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth How to tell time: Relative Time: putting events in time order. Law of Superposition Correlation of rock layers using fossils. There is a wonderful order and
More informationNUMB3RS Activity: How to Get a Date. Episode: Bones of Contention
Teacher Page NUMB3RS Activity: How to Get a Date Topic: Exponential Decay Grade Level: 0 - Objective: To learn about exponential decay and its application to radiocarbon dating. Time: About 30 minutes
More informationRadioactive Clocks or Radiometric Dating
Radioactive Clocks or Radiometric Dating The time span of relevant events varies from a few centuries to billions of years historians archeologists, anthropologists, geologists, astrophysicists Radioactive
More informationStudying The Past. II. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks?
Studying The Past I. What is a Fossil? A. Definition: The evidence or remains of once-living plants or animals II. Why Do We Study Fossils Found in Rocks? A. To provide evidence of the past existence of
More informationDetermining Absolute Age
CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 The Rock Record Determining Absolute Age KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: Why can t scientists use rates of erosion and deposition as the only ways
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
It s About Time! How can the absolute age of rock be determined? Determining the actual age of an event or object in years is called absolute dating. Scientists often use radioactive isotopes to find the
More information1. What is the definition of uniformitarianism? 2. What is the definition of organic? 4. What is the definition of inorganic?
Earth Science Unit 3- History of the Earth Knowledge Packet Learning Target 3B: Have you ever thought about the history of the Earth? No, well you should have because it s pretty cool. Things like mountain
More informationNAME GEOL.2150 FORENSIC GEOLOGY CARBON-14 DATING
NAME GEOL.2150 FORENSIC GEOLOGY CARBON-14 DATING I. Introduction One of the tools available to scientists who study ancient history (natural and human) is carbon-14 dating (also known as carbon dating
More informationHalf Life Introduction
Name: Date: Period: Half Life Introduction The half-life of an element is the time it will take half of the parent atoms to transmutate into different atoms (through alpha or beta decays, or another process).
More informationWhat we will learn about Fossils?
The fossil Record What we will learn about Fossils? We will learn how fossils form? What types of fossils exist? How do scientists determine the age of fossils? What do fossils reveal to scientists? What
More informationA Survey of Modern Radiocarbon Dating
A Survey of Modern Radiocarbon Dating Kirk Bertsche Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Views presented here are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the positions of
More informationAbsolute Dating Introduction Type of Absolute Dating:
Absolute Dating Introduction Prehistory deals with a long span of time. Therefore, one of the most important aims of prehistorian is to establish the chronological sequence of the past events. In the early
More information3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time
CHAPTER 3 3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can geologists learn the
More informationChapter 17. Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles
Chapter 17 Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction The Grand Canyon - Major John Wesley Powell, in 1869, led a group of explorers down the Colorado River. Powell was impressed with the geology
More informationObjectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch.
The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. Vocabulary geologic time scale eon era period
More informationFOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past
FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past Fossils form when water replaces the cells of dead animals or plants with minerals. These minerals then petrify into rock to form the fossils we see in museums.
More informationCan Tylenol Kill You?
Can Tylenol Kill You? Every year during the 1990-1998 period, there were an estimated: 56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths related to acetaminophen associated overdoses
More informationChapter 28: Nuclear Chemistry Part 1: Notes The Basics of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Decay
Part 1: Notes The Basics of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Decay Objectives: Differentiate between nuclear and chemical reactions. Define: spontaneous nuclear decay, nuclear reaction, parent nuclide, daughter
More informationNOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time
NOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time Vocabulary: Paleontologist Fossil record extinct Relative dating Absolute dating Geologic time scale Objectives: What are fossils? How are they made? How do scientists
More informationThe Environment and Change Over Time
The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if
More informationAbsolute Ages of Rocks
Benchmarks SC.A..3.5 (pp. 269 273); SC.A.2.3.2 (pp. 269 273); SC.D..3.2 Annually Assessed (pp. 273 276): knows that over the whole Earth, organisms are growing, dying, and decaying ; SC.D..3.3 (pp. 273
More informationLECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY
LECTURE 26 RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY 30.4 Radiation and radioactivity Decay series Nuclear radiation is a form of ionizing radiation 30.5 Nuclear decay and half-lives Activity Radioactive dating Radiocarbon
More informationIntegrated Science
Carbon Cycle Story Name Assignment: Write a short story as a comic strip or slide show that depicts a single carbon atom in the carbon cycle. You can make it purely factual or have fun and turn it into
More information1 Looking at Fossils. What are fossils? How are fossils formed? What can fossils tell us about the history of life on earth?
CHAPTER 9 SECTION The History of Life on Earth 1 Looking at Fossils California Science Standards 7.3.c, 7.4.c, 7.4.e BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
More informationLesson Checkpoint: Name one animal that you know is extinct.
FOSSILS AND EXTINCT ANIMALS Extinct Animals Many animals have become extinct over millions of years. Extinct means that no longer living on Earth. When a species is extinct, it means there aren t any animals
More informationChapter Archaeological Dating Methods
Chapter 3 3.1. Archaeological Dating Methods Everything which has come down to us from heathendom is wrapped in a thick fog; it belongs to a space of time we cannot measure. We know that it is older than
More informationRadioactivity pp Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10. Radioactivity. Radioactivity
Topic 9: Nuclear Physics Ch. 10 pp.244-249 results from radioactive decay, which is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation. has existed longer than the human race. Unstable
More informationLecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018
Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Questions? Key Points for today What are the 5 relative age dating principles and how do you apply the principles to determine a geologic history
More informationStratigraphy Layers of Time in the Earth by Carol Schlenk
Subject: Science, Social Studies Grade level: 11-12 Stratigraphy Layers of Time in the Earth by Carol Schlenk Rationale: This lesson introduces students to the concept of stratification as a historical
More informationExponents and Logarithms
chapter 5 Starry Night, painted by Vincent Van Gogh in 1889. The brightness of a star as seen from Earth is measured using a logarithmic scale. Exponents and Logarithms This chapter focuses on understanding
More informationLecture 16 - Stable isotopes
Lecture 16 - Stable isotopes 1. The fractionation of different isotopes of oxygen and their measurement in sediment cores has shown scientists that: (a) ice ages are common and lasted for hundreds of millions
More informationName Class Date. What are fossils? How are fossils formed? What can fossils tell us about the history of life on earth?
CHAPTER 5 2 Looking at Fossils SECTION The Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are fossils? How are fossils formed? What can fossils
More information1 Radioactivity BEFORE YOU READ. Atomic Energy. National Science Education Standards STUDY TIP
CHAPTER 4 1 Radioactivity SECTION Atomic Energy BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are three types of radioactive decay? How does radiation
More informationSCIENTIFIC DATING IN ARCHAEOLOGY
SCIENTIFIC DATING IN ARCHAEOLOGY Tsuneto Nagatomo 1. AGE DETERMINATION IN ARCHAEOLOGY Relative Age: stratigraphy, typology Absolute Chronology: historical data Age Determination by (natural) Scientific
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 1 Geologic Change over Time. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of uniformitarianism states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40
1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes
More informationLesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment. Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth.
Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth. Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Nucleus:
More informationGeologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina
Geologic Time Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era,
More informationBasic background for the geo- and archaeo- magnetist. Time scales Stratigraphy Site types Material types Field methods
Basic background for the geo- and archaeo- magnetist Time scales Stratigraphy Site types Material types Field methods Field Observations Geology Archaeology Materials Geology Rocks and minerals Archaeology
More informationClues to Earth s Past
chapter 3 3 Clues to Earth s Past section 3 Absolute Ages of Rocks What You ll Learn how absolute age differs from relative age how the half-lives of isotopes are used to tell a rock s age Before You Read
More information1. The Fossil Record 2. Biogeography 3. Comparative Anatomy 4. Comparative Embryology 5. Molecular Biology
What Darwin Observed. copy 1. The Fossil Record 2. Biogeography 3. Comparative Anatomy 4. Comparative Embryology 5. Molecular Biology Activity in groups copy Provides a chronological record of organisms
More informationCh Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.
Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
More informationRadioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of nuclei. The first radioactive. elements discovered were the heavy atoms thorium and uranium.
Chapter 16 What is radioactivity? Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of nuclei. The first radioactive elements discovered were the heavy atoms thorium and uranium. These heavy atoms and others
More informationClues to Earth s Past
Chapter Review Clues to Earth s Past Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Across 2. Element found in tissues of most organisms 4.
More informationSpilsbu Engag e Literacy Fo ssil Hunters
Advance Fossil Hunters GRL S Nonfiction Word count: 3,304 Curriculum links: social science/archaeology; biography and autobiography; science and nature/fossils Text type: biography, informational text
More informationIntegrated Science. Geologic Time Notes. Section 1: Geologic Time
Integrated Science Geologic Time Notes Section 1: Geologic Time To help in the analysis of Earth s rocks, geologists have divided the history of Earth into time units based upon the fossils contained in
More informationJay Davis Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Isotopic Science Tools from Archaeology to Zoology Jay Davis Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory AAPT/APT Meeting Sacramento August 2, 2004 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
More information10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before.
More informationFun with Fossils. Ask a Fossil
Fun with Fossils Have you ever found a rock that looks like a bone? Have you seen a rock with the print of a plant on it? These rocks are called fossils. They are made from living things. They have died
More informationUnderstanding the Atom
Name Date Period 3.1 Discovering Parts of an Atom Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct or not correct if the statement is not correct. If the statement
More informationLooking at Fossils. Fossilized Organisms. Fossils in Rocks. Fossils in Amber
1 Looking at Fossils Key Concept Fossils provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. What You Will Learn Evidence of past life is preserved as fossils in sedimentary rock and
More informationThe sun, with all those planets revolving around it and dependent on it, can still ripen a bunch of grapes as if it had nothing else in the universe
The sun, with all those planets revolving around it and dependent on it, can still ripen a bunch of grapes as if it had nothing else in the universe to do. - Galileo Galilei In 1995, filmmakers from the
More information11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale
GEOL 110: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Why is the Geologic Time Scale important? Rocks record geologic and evolutionary changes throughout Earth s history Without a time perspective, events have little meaning Chapter
More informationWhat can we learn about the cycling of matter from the International Space Station? How does this compare to the cycling of matter on Earth?
reflect Think about the astronauts living aboard the International Space Station. Like us, they need to breathe, eat, sleep, and use the bathroom. Yet, they are confi ned to a small spacecraft miles above
More informationRADIOACTIVITY & HALF-LIFE Part 2
RADIOACTIVITY & HALF-LIFE Part 2 Radioactivity Radioactivity: Results from radioactive decay, which is the process whereby unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation. Has existed longer than the
More informationNOTES 1. Fossils. The BIG Idea Rocks, fossils, and other types of natural evidence tell Earth s story.
Name Period Date UNIT 6 NOTES 1 Fossils Objectives Identify and describe the types of fossils. Define fossils Explain fossil formation Explain how different kinds of fossils show traces of life from Earth
More informationScience 10 Radioactivity Review v3
Class: Date: Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An atom
More informationGeologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Superposition and horizontality tell stories in rocks. Key
More informationTopic 7: Historical Geology
Topic 7: Historical Geology (ES. 8 b, 9 a-e, 10 a-d, 12 a, b, e) ES.8 The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include: b) processes (faulting,
More information6. Relative and Absolute Dating
6. Relative and Absolute Dating Adapted by Sean W. Lacey & Joyce M. McBeth (2018) University of Saskatchewan from Deline B, Harris R, & Tefend K. (2015) "Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology". First
More informationGuided Notes Geologic History
Guided Notes Geologic History Relative Age Sequence of Events Correlation Techniques Volcanic Ash Markers Index Fossils Geologic Time Scale Evolution Radioactive Dating 9) How has Earth changed over time?
More informationRadioactivity. General Physics II PHYS 111. King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences
King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences Radioactivity General Physics II PHYS 111 Nouf Alkathran nalkathran@ksu.edu.sa Outline Radioactive Decay
More informationTales of the Past. Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education
Tales of the Past Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/trb4/downloads/literacy4.pdf Do you like mystery and intrigue? Do you like to do detective
More informationPrinciple of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time
G e o l o g i c T i m e Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time Radical idea proposed by Hutton in 1780 s Proposed that past events could be explained by modern processes
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY teacher version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40
2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about
More informationObjectives: Define Relative Age, Absolute Age
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth s surface is formed. c. Classify rocks by their process of formation. g. Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface
More informationFOSSILS. Book G Chapter 4 Section 1
FOSSILS Book G Chapter 4 Section 1 OVERVIEW Explain what fossils are and how most fossils form. Describe what fossils tell about how organisms have changed over time. Identify and describe different types
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Determining Relative Age. conclusions? UNIFORMITARIANISM. geology? of Earth? Skills Worksheet
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Determining Relative Age 1. How old is Earth estimated to be? 2. Who originated the idea that Earth is billions of years old? 3. On what did the 18th-century
More informationTHE TWO MOST SIGNIFICANT ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES IN KERR COUNTY, TEXAS ARE THE GATLIN SITE AND THE BEARING SINK HOLE SITE.
WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT ARCHEOLOGY SITES IN KERR COUNTY? By Steve Stoutamire THE TWO MOST SIGNIFICANT ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES IN KERR COUNTY, TEXAS ARE THE GATLIN SITE AND THE BEARING SINK HOLE SITE. Map
More informationHard Parts of Organisms: Bones Shells Hard Parts of Insects Woody Material (trunks) Fossils provide evidence of how life has changed over time.
PLEASE, PICK UP OUTLINE FROM THE FRONT TABLE! *recommend adding the extra stuff to the notes Fossus - means to dig up Fossils are preserved remains or traces of living things. Most fossils form when living
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY student version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More informationGeologic History Unit Notes. Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent
Geologic History Unit Notes Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent Absolute age - specific age like 4,600 million years old Fundamental Principles of Relative Dating 1. Uniformitarianism
More information(2) (1) Describe how beta radiation is produced by a radioactive isotope (1) (Total 4 marks)
1 (a) (i) Describe the structure of alpha particles. (ii) What are beta particles? (b) Describe how beta radiation is produced by a radioactive isotope....... (Total 4 marks) Page 1 of 25 2 Atoms are very
More informationChapter: Inside the Atom. Section 2: The Nucleus
Chapter: Inside the Atom Section 2: The Nucleus What you will learn Students will understand that atoms of different elements have a different number of sub particles Students will understand how to identify
More informationChapter 20 Nuclear Chemistry. 1. Nuclear Reactions and Their Characteristics
Chapter 2 Nuclear Chemistry 1. Nuclear Reactions and Their Characteristics Nuclear reactions involve the particles located in the nucleus of the atom: nucleons:. An atom is characterized by its atomic
More informationWhat happens during nuclear decay? During nuclear decay, atoms of one element can change into atoms of a different element altogether.
When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before. For his discovery
More informationVocabulary and Section Summary B
The Study of Earth s History After you finish reading the section, try this puzzle! Use the clues given to fill in the blanks below. Then, copy the numbered letters into the corresponding boxes below to
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 12 Geologic Time 12.1 Discovering Earth s History Rocks Record Earth History Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. We have
More information1. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in and
Chemistry 123 Week 9 Worksheet Notes Oregon State University Dr. Richard Nafshun 1. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in and +. C-12 6p (element number 6) 6n (12 6 = 6) 6 e- (same
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most fossils are found in rusty water. volcanic rock. sedimentary
More informationFoSSil Puzzler (1 Hour)
FoSSil Puzzler (1 Hour) Addresses NGSS Level of Difficulty: 2 Grade Range: 3-5 OVERVIEW Students will examine and sketch various trace fossils from an unknown creature and then construct an image of the
More informationCarbon Dating. Principles of Radiometric Dating. 03 nuclear decay and the standard model June 05, 2013
Principles of Radiometric Dating http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/radio.htm Naturally occurring radioactive materials break down into other materials at known rates. This is known as radioactive
More informationChapter 4. Archaeological. Dating Methods
Chapter 4. Archaeological 4.1. Dentrochronology and other tools 4.2. Dating with radioactive clocks 4.3. Mapping change and development 4.4. Migration and colonization 4.5. Accelerator mass spectrometry
More information8/24/2018. Bio 1101 Lecture 2 (guided) Chapters 2: Essential Chemistry. Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lecture 2 (guided) Chapters 2: Essential Chemistry Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology Levels of biological organization Ecosystem (e.g. savanna) Community (e.g. the organisms
More informationGeologic Time Test Study Guide
Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic
More information(a) If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years write the continuous growth formula.
Section 6.7: Exponential and Logarithmic Models In this text all application problems are going to be of the following form, where A 0 is the initial value, k is the growth/decay rate (if k > 0 it is growth,
More informationWhat does Dark Matter have to do with the Big Bang Theory?
Gents of Texas A&M What does Dark Matter have to do with the Big Bang Theory? Prof. David Toback Texas A&M University Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy March 2018 Prologue We live
More informationChapter 7 Review. Block: Date:
Science 10 Chapter 7 Review Name: KEY Block: Date: 1. Radioactivity is the release of high-energy particles and rays from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms.. _Natural background
More informationChapter 2 Energy, Force, and Motion Lesson 6 Describing Motion C, D; 8.2C, D; 8.4A; 8.6B
Table of Contents Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Correlation Chart....... 7 Chapter 1 Matter..................................... 11 Lesson 1 Atoms and Elements.......................... 12 6.5A*,
More informationAbsolute Dating. Using half-lives to study past-lives. Notes #26
Absolute Dating Using half-lives to study past-lives Notes #26 What is radioactivity? (notes) Some atoms have an unstable nucleus Over time, these nuclei* fall apart, creating two smaller atoms (radioactive
More information6/30/2018. Geologic Time. Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Geologic Time Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time The Importance of a Time Scale Interpreting Earth s history is an important goal of the science of
More information