Annual Review 2011/12. A voice of authority on the natural world

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1 Annual Review 2011/12 A voice of authority on the natural world

2 The Natural History Museum A voice of authority on the natural world Introduction Permentum in est. Mauris mollis odio a dolor gravida eget pulvinar enim mattis. Pellentesque sed est augue, sed porttitor sem. Mauris a risus est, at faucibus est. Nullam porttitor condimentum mattis. Sed rutrum, augue viverra eleifend placerat, enim mauris elemum augue, lobortis rhoncus odio elit eget turpis. Sed facilisis, dolor hendrerit faucibus malesuada, purus tortor aliquet lectus, et mollis nulla sapien in magna. Etiam sed eros ac lectus tristique porttitor. Duis auctor diam venenatis nisl placerat dapibus. Quisque varius, augue nec faucibus convallis, mi ligula dictum nunc, eu faucibus dui purus a massa. Cras id enim lectus, in suscipit lectus. Nullam pellentesque orci in eros sagittis a viverra sem dictum. Sed in lacus ac nunc elementum porta a consectetur ipsum. Proin eu erat et mauris sodales luctus. Fusce nibh sapien, aliquet pellentesque hendrerit quis, faucibus at quam. Aenean non sem justo. ifend placerat, enim mauris elementum augue, lobortis rhoncus odio elit eget turpis. Sed facilisis, dolor hendrerit faucibus malesuada, purus tortor aliquet lectus, et mollis nulla sapien in magn Our mission is to maintain and develop our Nulla collections, facilisi. Suspendisse and use them in tortor in promote felis laoreet the interdum. discovery, Pellentesque understanding, ac responsible massa vel lacus use and consectetur enjoyment egestas. of the natural Vivamus world mattis malesuada nisi, sed blandit libero sagittis id. Morbi id lorem nibh. Maecenas euismod neque ultricies elit dictum et ullamcorper ante adipiscing. Ut pulvinar adipiscing eleifend. Etiam vestibulum nulla vel risus aliquet quis convallis neque vestibulum. In accumsan fermentum arcu.nulla sollicitudin arcu, fermentum aliquet velit blandit vel.ed odio tortor, auctor quis volu facilisi. Suspendisse in tortor in felis laoreet interdum. Pellentesque ac massa vel lacus consectetur egestas. Vivamus mattis malesuada nisi, sed blandit libero sagittis id. Mrit quis, faucibus at quam. Aenean non sem justo. Nulla facilisi. Our vision is to advance our knowledge of the natural world, inspiring better care of our planet 2

3 Contents A view from the Chair of the Trustees 04 The Director s review 06 Highlights 2011/12 09 The world s leading natural history museum 10 The science of nature 13 The nature of science 25 Our people 40 Sustainable operations 41 Commercial success 42 Museum supporters 46 Income and expenditure 47 Snowy owl Juan-Carlos Munoz 3

4 A view from the Chair of the Trustees The Natural History Museum s position as a national museum and research institution is founded upon unique collections and scientific expertise. Our collections are some of the most extensive in the world, and over the past decade we have made enormous advances in improving both the physical environment in which they are held and the extent to which they are available to our network of international collaborators and users. The Darwin Centre, with its two phases, is the largest manifestation of our collections care improvements, and it adds to our international reputation through continuing success in attracting visitors who have the opportunity to gain a better understanding of the value of the collections and the related important scientific research. The last year has been one of the most successful in the Museum s history. My fellow Trustees and I continue to be delighted with the Museum s many achievements, which are highlighted in this review, and impressed with the committed staff, students and volunteers who make the Museum such a vibrant institution. It has also been a year of remembrance with the unveiling in the Museum s grounds in July 2011, by His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales, of the memorial to the British victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Then in February 2012 we helped commemorate the centenary of Robert Falcon Scott s last expedition to Antarctica through our special exhibition Scott s Last Expedition. This highlighted the story of human endeavour and scientific achievement, which still has relevance today. We continue to collaborate with our partners, and in the last year we have seen the formalisation of our long relationship with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding. We have also built a constructive dialogue with the Torres Strait Islanders that respects both the scientific value of specimens and indigenous beliefs over the repatriation and ongoing study of human remains. This year s Annual Fund campaign, launched in October 2011, focused on Dippy, our much loved Diplodocus. Called I Love Dippy, the money raised will support the redevelopment of the iconic Central Hall, specifically the alcove bays and balcony, which we look forward to unveiling in a couple of years time. We continue to strive to remain important, distinctive and relevant in an ever-changing world. Oliver Stocken Chair of the Board of Trustees 4

5 Museum Board of Trustees Daniel Alexander QC Professor Sir Roy Anderson FRS FMedSci Louise Charlton Professor David Drewry Professor Christopher Gilligan Professor Alex Halliday FRS Ian Henderson CBE BSc FRICS Professor Sir John Holman Dr Derek Langslow CBE Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS Sir David Omand GCB Oliver Stocken (Chair) With thanks to Professor Jacqueline McGlade who retired on 30 June

6 The Director s review The last year marked another record for the Natural History Museum in terms of visitor numbers nearly five million people came through our doors sustaining the dramatic upward trend since we opened the revolutionary Darwin Centre in September Despite ongoing economic difficulties, we continue to attract visitors from across the UK and all over the world who wish to engage with the science of nature. On 1 December 2011 we hosted the celebrations for the tenth anniversary of free admission to museums across the UK. This is a significant milestone that has allowed our Museum to share our knowledge and collections with almost 40 million people since I am delighted that the Museum goes from strength to strength, but am mindful that we must continue to articulate, demonstrate and enhance our value to all our stakeholders to ensure the long-term future of this great institution. We have a continuing role to play in helping to understand the natural world and our impact on it. Since 1881 we have remained relevant through changing times but, more than that, we have proven ourselves able to succeed in the difficult economic climate in which we now find ourselves. The Museum s great strengths are its collections, buildings and particularly its people, who bring both the aforementioned to life. We are at our best when different teams work together as one. We know we will have to continue to make some difficult decisions, but we will do the right thing, not only for us, but also for our children and the generations that will follow them. We are a public institution that has a responsibility to those who visit us, learn from us and to the natural world around us. During the year in review we introduced a new five-year Strategic Plan that responds to the changing external environment and refocuses us following the delivery of the Darwin Centre. 2011/12 has been a good start in many ways, but we want to keep improving to be the best that we can be and become widely acknowledged as the world s leading natural history museum. We look forward in 2012 to the spotlight being on London with the Diamond Jubilee celebrations and the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and our contribution to the festivities. I wish to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued support and hope that you enjoy this look back at one of our most successful years ever. Dr Michael Dixon Director 6

7 Museum Executive Board Dr Michael Dixon Director Professor Ian Owens Director of Science Sharon Ament Director of Public Engagement Neil Greenwood Director of Finance and Corporate Services With thanks to Professor Richard Lane OBE who retired on 27 May

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9 Our vision is that by 2016 we will be widely acknowledged as the world s leading natural history museum, valued by all our stakeholders as a major scientific research institution and a centre for innovative public engagement with science and the natural world through our collections and expertise. Strategic Plan Highlights 2011/12 Visitor numbers to South Kensington and Tring: 4,991,692 Visitors aged 16 and under: 1,243,000 Unique website visits: 7,992,592 Capital expenditure: 4,571k Net surplus from trading: 7,423k Sponsorship and donations: 2,518k Admissions and membership: 2,785k Our science In order to be widely acknowledged as the world s leading natural history museum, we need to offer the best collections care possible. In 2011/12 the Museum refurbished collections stores, built a new molecular collections facility and an Ancient DNA (adna) laboratory, and began work on a new store for the Museum Archives and a quarantine facility. The Museum s fossil of Archaeopteryx lithographica was officially declared as the primary reference specimen (or type). Changing a type specimen is not done lightly and only takes place in exceptional circumstances. This decision was made because our specimen was considered to display a critical shift in evolution with a mix of dinosaur and bird characteristics, which shows that modern birds are, in fact, small dinosaurs. A rare Martian meteorite that could help researchers unravel the mysteries of Mars arrived at the Museum in February 2012, obtained with the support of a private donor through the help of the Museum s Development team. The meteorite was one of the largest pieces from a shower that fell to Earth in Morocco in July 2011 near the village of Tissint, and is now the largest Martian meteorite in our collections. In 2011/12 the science departments generated 5.3 million in external grant income, produced 807 publications in peer-reviewed journals and made 841 research loans involving 31,931 specimens. Museum research publication highlights have included internationally significant papers on the origin of arthropod eyes, the evolution of marine snails and bryozoans, a major discovery of unsuspected fungal biodiversity, and new insights on meteorite formation and metal ores. Engaging with our visitors On 1 December 2011 national museums celebrated a decade of free entry. Since 2001 we have welcomed nearly 40 million visitors to the Museum a scientific centre of global significance and one of the world s leading visitor attractions. In 2000 the Museum welcomed 1.7 million visitors in comparison to a record calendar year attendance of 4.8 million during From Age of the Dinosaur to Scott s Last Expedition via Animal Record-Breakers and Wildlife Photographer of the Year, the Museum s exhibitions continue to delight and educate our visitors. One of our Strategic Plan objectives is to develop knowledge of and inspire a sustained engagement with the natural world. This aim is clearly being met by our researchers and collections experts, our exhibitions and special events, and our education specialists. Science Uncovered, Big Nature Day, Crime Scene Live and the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival, for example, go from strength to strength, connecting every participant with the natural world through their contact with our world-class specimens and scientists. 9

10 TO BE WIDELY ACKNOWLEDGED AS the world s leading natural history museum Building on our success The Museum has recently completed one of the most successful periods in its history. Visitor numbers have increased dramatically since the re-introduction of free admission in 2001 and in response to the major improvements made to our public offer. We have seen impressive growth in the attendance of school-age children as our educational work has been refocused and enhanced. We have significantly improved our scientific performance, producing more papers of higher quality and relevance and winning greater amounts of external grant funding. We have achieved further improvement in the storage conditions of our collections and have focused on demonstrating more actively to the public the value of our scientific work. Our trading activities are performing well after significant investment and, buoyed by a successful fundraising campaign for the Darwin Centre, we are seeing greater and more frequent donations from charitable and private sources. All this has been achieved in a very difficult economic climate. In response, the Museum has brought forward our five-year Strategic Plan by one year to refocus our objectives in the context of changes in political priorities and constraints on public funding. The Strategic Plan sets out the objectives of the Museum grouped under three cross-cutting themes that will achieve our vision: developing knowledge of the natural world: our strategy for supporting innovation and ideas inspiring a sustained engagement with the natural world: our strategy for engaging with our stakeholders managing resources; investing in infrastructure: our strategy for the best use of our assets for the long-term future of the Museum 10

11 Measuring our success We must deliver all our objectives to be successful. We will also measure our success by the quality, impact and relevance of our research, our reputation in leading international collaborations for research, collections management and knowledge transfer, innovation and impact of our public engagement activities, and the perception of us by our key stakeholders. Our people will be one professional, versatile, efficient and effective team that works together as One Museum towards a shared vision of the future. Our collections will be valued as a major science infrastructure. We will champion the value of natural history collections, nationally and internationally, by building a network of museums, amateur experts, universities and other partners. Our scientific research will more effectively underpin applied sciences in order to respond to emerging challenges facing the planet. The global science community will admire the quantity and quality of our scientific outputs and the relevance of the science we undertake. Our visitors will have an enjoyable and inspiring experience and more people will develop lasting relationships with the Museum. Our approach to public engagement will be dynamic, responding to the ways people exchange knowledge and ideas. Through partnership and commissioning, we will develop richer content and make it available across a wider range of media. We will be recognised as a leading provider of out-of-classroom education in natural sciences, inspiring a new generation. We will be a leading source of trusted information on the natural world, used by more people than ever before. The media will use us as an informed, objective and approachable organisation. We will increase our global standing by engaging in strategic partnerships for long-term impact and contribute actively to public diplomacy. We will be integrated into a network of UK and European science infrastructures. We will be respected for taking leadership positions in international networks of relevance to our intellectual territory. We will be a commercially successful and astute organisation that can deliver ambitious and impressive projects for the wider public good. Our supporters will trust us to spend their money wisely and see great value in their association with us. Facing the challenge We are a museum with global value, engagement and experience, a brand with a broad reach and large-scale connection with millions of people worldwide. One of our continuing challenges is to integrate our diverse skills and strengths with those of our partners around the world to meet the needs of the public, governments, scientists, conservationists and others. We are a world-class institution that aims to document biological and geological diversity and to understand the processes that generate such diversity. This knowledge and understanding is needed to address major challenges of our times: biodiversity loss, the impact of climate change, sustainable use of natural resources, food security and the spread of parasitic diseases. We work with science policy-makers, universities, government agencies, international organisations, community groups and many others in focusing our science where it is most needed. Achieving our 2016 vision The Strategic Plan sets out the objectives of the Museum over the period to 2016, accompanied by a Delivery Plan that sets out the actions we will take to achieve these objectives. How we deliver the plan will be a dynamic process. 11

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13 Our collections will be valued as a major science infrastructure. Our scientific research will more effectively underpin applied sciences in order to respond to emerging challenges facing the planet. Strategic Plan The science of nature Archaeopteryx lithographica The Natural History Museum specimen of Archaeopteryx lithographica was declared the type specimen in October 2011 Major acquisitions A rare Martian meteorite that could help unravel the mysteries of Mars arrived at the Museum on 8 February 2012, obtained with the support of a private donor. The meteorite was one of the largest pieces from a shower of stones that fell to Earth in Morocco in July 2011 near the village of Tissint, and is now the largest Martian meteorite in the Museum. The Museum s collection of nearly 2,000 individual meteorites is one of the most comprehensive worldwide, and Martian meteorites are the most heavily requested by researchers as they offer a unique insight into the Red Planet. Exact replicas of two of the most complete fossil skeletons ever found of the early human relative Australopithecus sediba were donated to the Museum on 16 November 2011 by the University of the Witwatersrand and the government of the Republic of South Africa. These replicas of 1.9-million-year-old fossils from Malapa Cave in South Africa have a critical role in shaping our understanding about the route of human evolution, and the gift gives the Museum an opportunity to show these spectacular finds to the UK public for the first time and for researchers and students to study them. London Archaeopteryx declared as the reference for famous fossil bird In October 2011, after five years of debate, the Museum s specimen of the fossil bird Archaeopteryx lithographica was declared the primary reference specimen or type specimen replacing the previous type which was a small fossil feather held in Berlin. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) has ruled that our specimen, with complete bones and feathers in a large limestone slab, is now the type (neotype) specimen. Changing type specimens is not done lightly, but researchers travel from all over the world to study our Archaeopteryx and this decision clears up a long-standing anomaly as to how the species is defined, helping to facilitate future research on early birds. It also recognises the importance of the London specimen in shaping debates on evolution and bird origins. Archaeopteryx lived 147 million years ago in the Late Jurassic and was fossilised in the Solnhofen Limestone Formation in Germany. It displays a critical shift in evolution with a mix of dinosaur and bird characteristics, which show that modern birds are small dinosaurs. 13

14 The science of nature Spinops sternbergorum Skull reconstruction and life restoration of Spinops sternbergorum Life restoration Dmitry Bogdanov Skull reconstruction Lukas Panzarin Origins and evolution A horned dinosaur new to science was discovered in December 2011 in the Museum collections. The fossilised skull bones of Spinops sternbergorum date from the Late Cretaceous period (over 70 million years ago). They were discovered among material collected from a quarry in the area now known as Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada, which had been stored, unstudied, for more than 90 years among thousands of other dinosaur bones, until scientists decided to re-examine them. New dinosaurs are found in museum collections and laboratories almost as frequently as in the field, and show the continued scientific value of our historical collections. The identification of Spinops sternbergorum has also meant that researchers have been forced to rethink how they classify the horned dinosaur group, which includes Triceratops, plant-eating dinosaurs with large horns and bony neck frills. See also page 30, Spinosaurus invasion Using stratigraphic, chronological and archaeological data, members of the Palaeontology team published evidence in Nature that showed a fragment of human jaw from Kent s Cavern, Devon, UK, represents the oldest known anatomically modern human fossil in northwestern Europe. This fills a key gap in the evidence of human presence and demonstrates the wide and rapid dispersal of early modern humans across Europe more than 40,000 years ago. Zoology and Palaeontology scientists published a paper on Darwin s coral specimens and list the only Darwin geological collection in the Museum. The paper offered for the first time a plausible explanation of the true origin and purpose of the list and set of 29 coral reef specimens, almost all from Cocos (Keeling) atoll in the Indian Ocean. The specimens are unusual, if not unique, in being an exhibit prepared by Darwin himself at or before the time he donated them, and the most likely occasion would have been his first presentation of his famous subsidence theory of coral reefs to the Geological Society of London on 31 May Mineralogy and collaborators studied samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust space mission. They were able for the first time to compare earlier extraterrestrial samples with those from a known comet, giving insights into the origins and formation of the solar system. 14

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16 The science of nature Collaborating research groups in Zoology and Palaeontology published a paper in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution on the most comprehensive molecular evolutionary tree of bryozoans to date. Bryozoans are tiny but quite complex colonial organisms found in marine and fresh waters which, although previously relatively neglected, offer much promise as a model for understanding the processes of evolution. Museum Palaeontology scientists were part of an international team that published a paper in the journal Nature in December 2011 reporting the earliest fossil evidence for complex compound eyes in Anomalocaris, a group of Cambrian marine predators that grew up to two metres long. The work confirms Anomalocaris as a close relative of arthropods and suggests that compound eyes evolved earlier than was previously known. Zoology researchers, collaborating with colleagues from University College London and the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity in Grahamstown, reported the first case of the evolution of pectoral fin loss in a group of fishes, the Mastacembelidae. This finding, enabled by the discovery of a new species of spiny eel in Lake Tanganyika, was published in the Journal of Zoology in April 2011 and highlighted the exceptional diversity of Africa s oldest and deepest lake a biodiversity hotspot. Understanding of Lake Tanganyika s biodiversity is critically important to combat the pressures of pollution, overfishing and climate change that threaten its high and evolutionarily significant biodiversity. 16

17 Bulbinella sp. (Hyacinthaceae) Photographed 20 August 2011 among the usual spring mass flowering in Renosterveld vegetation at the Hantam Botanical Garden, Nieuwoudtville (South Africa) Michael Kuhlmann Museum zoologists were part of an international team that published a paper in Nature Genetics on the whole genome sequence for a human parasite, Schistosoma haematobium, a blood fluke that causes the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis, which affects 200 million people worldwide. This genome now provides an essential resource for fundamental research and for interventions to combat the disease. Global biodiversity and ecosystems Zoologists from the Museum led an international collaboration investigating a group of highly adapted marine polychaete worms (Osedax) using the Museum s micro CT (Computed Tomography) scanner. Osedax worms bore into and digest bones on the sea floor, particularly the long-lasting skeletons of great whales. The team reported on three million-year-old trace fossils of Osedax from a whale bone in the Mediterranean. It is likely then that these worms (called zombie worms or snot flowers by the press) may have severely impacted the fossil record of whales and other large marine vertebrates by destroying skeletons before they can be fossilised. Published in Historical Biology and featured in New Scientist in November Entomology published an important contribution to climate change research in Diversity and Distributions, examining the bees of the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa. This region contains complex and unique ecosystems, and the work identified that these essential pollinators are highly vulnerable to climate change. Botanical researchers at the Museum uncovered a whole new spectrum of diversity in the fungal tree of life after analysing samples taken from a UK pond. Their study, published in Nature in June 2011, explained the discovery of a previously unknown group of fungi that fundamentally expanded the scientific understanding of these organisms. The researchers temporarily named the new group Cryptomycota Greek for hidden fungi. This study, primarily supported by a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant and in collaboration with scientists in the UK, Spain and USA, was the result of new efforts to try to understand the diversity of life by taking DNA sampling out into the field. Zoology scientists published the fourth and final monograph of the worldwide tropical marine periwinkle genus Echinolittorina in the journal Zootaxa, which concluded a taxonomic review of all 60 species of this littoral gastropod mollusc. This 20-year project collected anatomical and molecular samples from across the globe, studied all major museum collections, and was NERC-funded for three years. The recognised species diversity has been increased by 50 per cent 14 new species have been described and the group is now among the most comprehensively known of all marine invertebrates, with taxonomy, morphology, development, distribution and molecular phylogeny all described in detail. It has become a model system for the study of the evolution of tropical marine invertebrates in shallow water. 17

18 The science of nature Exploring the deep The Museum bought a micro-class remotely operated vehicle (ROV) as part of a collaborative project with the University of Southampton. Equipped with two cameras, a scanning sonar and a manipulator arm with cutting feature, the ROV will be shared between the institutions for research, outreach and higher education teaching projects. ROV-REX (Remotely Operated Vehicle for Education and exploration) has also been used to transmit live video ( from the sea floor to the Museum s Attenborough Studio, allowing the general public to interact with underwater science projects in real time. This was successfully achieved for the first time at Science Uncovered in 2011, with a live link established to the ROV in Southampton Water. See also page 25, Science Uncovered Zoology participated in an oceanographic research programme in the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea, Antarctica, aboard the RRS James Cook with scientists from the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and British Antarctic Survey. During the cruise, three live voice links were made to Nature Live shows in the Attenborough Studio, where the audience was able to directly interact with scientists in the Antarctic, and be some of the first people to see video of organisms and mineral-rich water from hydrothermal vents at a depth of 2,500 metres in the Scotia Sea. Developing our collections The Museum completed the conversion of a laboratory in the Palaeontology building into an Ancient DNA (adna) laboratory in April 2011, allowing the extraction and analysis of DNA from older specimens in order to examine evolution, biodiversity and long-term changes in populations and ecosystems. The adna lab is an important addition to the Museum s science infrastructure, significantly enhancing our international research profile and establishing us as having one of the most advanced such facilities of any major natural history museum. The Museum s Collections Storage Infrastructure Programme (CSIP) is central to ensuring we deliver our Strategic Plan aim to develop, refine and care for the collections and related information, balancing current needs and future interests. The programme assessed all collection storage areas against defined standards and assigned priorities for the necessary work. The large vertebrate store was refurbished in December 2011 and a new molecular collections facility was built, which allows us to preserve 18

19 genetic material as a collection under stable conditions for scientific research. In September 2011 work began both on a new store for the Museum Archives and also on a quarantine facility for incoming specimens, supporting our approach to integrated pest management. These facilities support the work of our scientists as well as that of our extended network of collaborating researchers and scientific visitors, meeting another of our Strategic Plan aims: to provide access to our collections and information. Library and Archives has started a programme to develop its collections and services to meet the challenges of delivering information in a rapidly changing digital environment. Over 80,000 items in the Museum Archives collection moved to a newly refurbished store in the spring of 2012, to support the Museum s recognition as an official place of deposit by the National Archives. Darwin s Library on the Biodiversity Heritage Library The launch of Darwin s Library in June 2011 made 330 books from the personal scientific library of Charles Darwin available online and via an itunes U app for the first time including transcriptions of his extensive margin notes. This collaboration involved the Natural History Museum, the Darwin Manuscripts Project at the American Museum of Natural History, Cambridge University Library and the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL). BHL is a global partnership of natural history and botanical libraries that works to digitise biodiversity literature going back as far as It now contains 38 million pages of free digitised literature, representing over 54,000 titles, and during the past 12 months there have been 1.1 million visits to the site. The Museum has contributed over two million pages, including many unique volumes requested by scientists to support their work. See also page 39, ebooks and apps The Museum has been a core partner in the development of the international online Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). In September 2011 a redesigned, accessible and engaging EOL website was launched to give information on nearly 700,000 species and to increase the understanding of living nature. Users can now gather and share information as virtual collections to promote an interactive and collaborative approach. 19

20 The science of nature Wallich and Indian Natural History Tab. 12 Melanorrhoea Usitata from Nathaniel Wallich s Plantae Asiaticae Rariores. London, ([1829-] 1830) New Arts and Humanities Research Centre The new Centre for Arts and Humanities Research (CAHR) was launched in July 2011, creating a permanent and official link between the Museum s scientific, library, art, manuscript and archive collections and international arts and humanities academics. The Centre enables the Museum s collections to be studied from a range of perspectives, allowing their cultural, political, social and historical significance to be explored as well as their acknowledged scientific value. One of the Centre s first projects was a collaboration with Kingston University on Museum Lives, which created a digital archive capturing fascinating memories of the Museum, its staff and collections over the past 60 years. Another collaboration, with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the British Library and the Calcutta Botanical Garden, was on the internationally important south Asian collections of plant specimens and drawings of the nineteenthcentury botanist Nathaniel Wallich. An international conference in December 2011 brought together over 120 leading science and humanities academics. The website launched in February 2012, reuniting a significant part of Wallich s collections of drawings, herbarium specimens and documents. Torres Strait Islands Following nearly two years of dialogue between the Museum and Torres Strait Island representatives, with the support of the Australian Government, we started the process of returning 138 ancestral remains to the Torres Strait Islands (TSI). The Museum works to respect and understand community beliefs and responsibilities to inform its approach to research and collections care. A delegation of eight Traditional Owners expressed their communities wish for the Museum to continue as guardian of some of the remaining poorly provenanced remains and hold them in trust for the present. The Museum and the TSI will continue to work together to agree how responsibility for the remains will be managed and how they will be cared for and accessed for future study. To deepen the relationship, the Museum and the Australian Government created two fellowships, and in September 2011 we welcomed two TSI and Aboriginal fellows. They worked with the Museum to share both scientific and museum skills, and to develop a better understanding of how indigenous perspectives might inform the Museum s future activities. 20

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22 The science of nature Science income and support Zoology researchers have been awarded 476,000 for the Study and implementation of schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba Islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. The project is in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, and the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute and brings together a number of international partners. Supported by the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) at the University of Georgia, the project aims to answer strategic questions about control and elimination of the disease schistosomiasis. SCORE is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The UK Science and Technology Facilities Council awarded almost 470,000 to the Museum for research on meteorite formation and composition. Part of the work will look at the distribution and duration of heating events in the early solar system. The EU has recognised the Museum s importance as an international centre for training professional scientific researchers with three Marie Curie fellowships; one worth 80,000 and two worth 170,000 each. In addition, the Museum is engaged in the EU-funded Marie Curie Initial Training Network INTERCROSSING consortium that will train young researchers to deal with challenges of exploiting the latest Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies for DNA analysis. This will involve a new approach to training in population genetics, informatics and statistics. The Museum has been awarded 195,000 from the Leverhulme Trust to work on Insights from snakes into vertebrate visual evolution, with colleagues at the Universities of Bristol and Western Australia. The London Centre for Ore Deposits and Exploration (LODE) is a new initiative, launched by the Museum and Imperial College London (Royal School of Mines), which bridges the applied mineral deposit research done at both. The exploration arms of Anglo American and Rio Tinto have jointly agreed to support the development of new analytical facilities and fund a researcher for three years. The Museum operates consultancy services that generated around 1.2 million during the year, with particular success in the mining and analytical services sectors. The new forensic science sector continues to grow and also provides distinctive opportunities to engage with the public at Museum events. See also page 25, The nature of science Scientific conferences The first ever Global EMu (collections database) User meeting was held at the Museum from 12 to 14 October 2011, focusing on enhancing the knowledge of an institution through the use of EMu. The Museum jointly hosted, with the History of Geology Group and the Geological Society, a conference from 4 to 5 April 2011 on Geological Collectors and Collecting, attended by over 100 delegates from the UK, Europe, Australia and Canada. The Museum s Centre for Russian and Central Asian Minerals (CERCAMS) team hosted a session in March at the PDAC-2012 in Toronto, Canada, a convention attended by 25,000 mining professionals. The session Jackpot at 290Ma selected mineral deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt addressed current CERCAMS research, explaining why, how and where an extraordinary number of significant mineral deposits formed about 290 million years ago in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, a major triennial conference, took place in Aberdeen in September It was attended by over 950 scientists from 79 countries, including 17 members of Museum staff, students and scientific associates, who displayed a range of historical specimens and promotional material to raise the profile of the Museum, particularly as a research institution. Museum staff co-chaired the organising and programme committees of the 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, held in Greenwich from 8 to 12 August The meeting was the second largest ever held with 548 participants and 284 oral and 237 poster presentations, including 27 with Museum authorship. 22

23 Science publication highlights (Museum staff and associates in bold) Ansell, S W, Stenøien, H K, Grundmann, M, Russell, S J, Koch, M A, Schneider, H and Vogel, J C (2011). The importance of Anatolian mountains as the cradle of global diversity in Arabis alpina, a key arctic-alpine species. Annals of Botany, 108(2): Cook, S, Moureau, G, Kitchen, A, Gould, E A, De Lamballerie, X, Holmes, E C and Harbach, R (2012). Molecular evolution of the insectspecific flaviviruses. Journal of General Virology, 93(2): Foster, W A, Snaddon, J L, Turner, E C, Fayle, T M, Cockerill, T D, Ellwood, M D F, Broad, G R, Chung, A Y C, Eggleton, P, Khen, C V and Yusah, K M (2011). Establishing the evidence base for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function in the oil palm landscapes of South East Asia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1582): Gueidan, C, Ruibal, C, De Hoog, G S and Schneider, H (2011). Rock-inhabiting fungi originated during periods of dry climate in the Late Devonian and Middle Triassic. Fungal Biology, 115(10): Knapp, S (2011). Rarity, species richness, and the threat of extinction Are plants the same as animals? PLoS Biology, 9(5): e McGowan, A J and Smith, A B (eds) (2011). Comparing the geological and fossil records: Implications for biodiversity studies. Geological Society Special Publication, 358. Geological Society, London, 256 pp. Misra, S K, Dybowska, A, Berhanu, D, Croteau, M N, Luoma, S N, Boccaccini, A R and Valsami-Jones E (2012). Isotopically modified nanoparticles for enhanced detection in bioaccumulation studies. Environmental Science and Technology, 46: Paterson, J R, García-Bellido, D C, Lee, M S Y, Brock, G A, Jago, J B and Edgecombe, G D (2011). Acute vision in the giant Cambrian predator Anomalocaris and the origin of compound eyes. Nature, 480: Reid, D G, Dyal, P and Williams, S T (2012). A global molecular phylogeny of 147 periwinkle species (Gastropoda, Littorininae). Zoologica Scripta, 41: Richards, T A, Soanes, D M, Jones, M D M, Vasieva, O, Leonard, G, Paszkiewicz, K, Foster, P G, Hall, N and Talbot, N J (2011). Horizontal gene transfer facilitated the evolution of plant parasitic mechanisms in the oomycetes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(37): Seltmann, R, Konopelko, D, Biske, G, Divaev, F and Sergeev, S (2011). Hercynian post-collisional magmatism in the context of Paleozoic magmatic evolution of the Tien Shan orogenic belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 42: Smith, V S, Ford, T, Johnson, K P, Johnson, P C D, Yoshizawa, K and Light, J E (2011). Multiple lineages of lice pass through the K-Pg boundary. Biology Letters, 7(5): Stringer, C (2011). The Origin of Our Species. Allen Lane, 352 pp. Thorne, R L, Roberts, S and Herrington, R (2012). Climate change and the formation of nickel laterite deposits. Geology, 40: Waeschenbach, A, Taylor P D and Littlewood, D T J (2012). A molecular phylogeny of bryozoans. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62(2):

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25 Our approach to public engagement will be dynamic, responding to the ways people exchange knowledge and ideas. Strategic Plan The nature of science Science Uncovered The second EU-funded Researchers Night, Science Uncovered, was held on 23 September 2011, when nearly 6,000 members of the public at South Kensington and 200 at Tring got involved in cutting-edge science first hand, met more than 300 researchers (including over 200 from the Natural History Museum, and 80 from Imperial College London and other UK universities and research institutes) and engaged with real science, scientists the people that make it happen and specimens. This innovative celebration of science had 181 activities on offer, ranging from a science bar to Crime Scene Live (hands-on forensic science), Science Fight Club (edgy debate over hot scientific issues), behind-thescenes tours and Nature Live talks. See also page 30, Crime Scene Live The event aimed to increase enthusiasm and foster long-term engagement with research, personalising the experience and encouraging visitors to actively participate, alongside showing the public just how important research is. There was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for visitors to Science Uncovered to name a new species, highlighting how taxonomy the scientific discipline of describing, identifying and naming new species is interesting, fun and crucial to the advancement of science. As part of the event, 110 secondary school students took part in a Life Sciences Career Fair, building on the success of previous Earth Sciences Fairs for schools. Inspired by the success of the Life Sciences Fair s gallery location, on 2 March 2012 the Earth Sciences Fair moved onto the Earth Galleries second floor balcony and Restless Surface Gallery. As many as 150 students met palaeontologists, mineralogists and learning volunteers, engaging with their research and handling meteorites, fossils and minerals. Through talking to scientists and taking part in immersive experiences at School Science Fairs, we aim to encourage students to further studies and a career in science. To facilitate meaningful engagement with issues of science and society is one of the aims in our Strategic Plan, and we will build on this success when Science Uncovered 3 takes place on 28 September 2012 with a target of 8,000 visitors. 25

26 The nature of science Educating the next generation The Museum s Strategic Plan states our desire to increase scientific literacy and inspire the next generation of scientists through formal and informal interactions, including our schools programme and galleries and to be recognised as a leading provider of out-of-classroom education in natural sciences. Innovative and creative programmes in exciting areas, Real World Science, videoconferencing, Investigate: all these areas and more have resulted in a 13 per cent increase in the number of booked school visitors to the Museum. In 2011/12 we welcomed 174,455 students, which included 5,000 additional secondary and 15,000 more primary students, and formal learning activity contacts increased from 55,120 to 68,671. Investigate, the Museum s flagship hands-on science learning space, attracted 68,969 family visitors, an eight per cent increase on 2010/11. Lively Investigate sessions for schools have also remained as popular as ever with 21,221 pupils having access to both the hundreds of real natural history specimens and our highly trained and dedicated team of science educators. 26

27 Nature Live in the Field Over 1,000 students from 10 schools across the UK followed Museum scientists when they travelled to research the natural world, with Nature Live in the Field. Online videoconferences between students in the classroom and botany and zoology scientists in Costa Rica and the Bahamas are a creative use of technology and a flexible, organic, interactive means of engagement. An amazing cross-team collaboration, interactive videoconferencing enables the Museum to meet our Strategic Plan goals, to provide a unique and personalised experience for learners, including our staff, through engagement with real science, scientists and specimens and to reach more learners through online educational materials. Several schools, participating simultaneously from all over the world, share these Meet the Scientist experiences. Pupils are given the opportunity to take part in online events with scientists before they embark on their fieldwork, communicate with them on up-to-the-minute research through Live Chat when they are out there, and then hear about and review their results when they return. Over 50 per cent of pupils taking part have never visited anywhere with a natural history collection, so this initial experience is vital to encourage future visits, both to us and local museums. The Museum won the Cultural Sector/Content Provider category of the UK Education and Research Network (JANET) Videoconferencing Awards, which highlight the impact videoconferencing brings to teaching and learning. Real World Science This high-profile regional science education partnership was formed in 2004 with five key museum partners across England, contributing to the Museum s regional programme portfolio. Real World Science unlocks the potential of natural history collections in the UK for secondary school science teaching and learning and aims to inspire students to continue their scientific studies to A-level and university, and furthermore to take up scientific careers. So far over 93,000 secondary school science (Key Stages 3 5) contacts have been made. The Shared National Project, a new way of working for Real World Science, is the Colour of Nature. The workshop is a new learning activity, collaboratively developed across the partnership, on the theme of colour and adaptation. It includes engaging specimens, specialist equipment and inspirational examples of current scientific research and its real world applications. The Shared National Project for 2012/13 will be Human Evolution. Decade of Biodiversity We are a world-class institution that aims to document biological and geological diversity and to understand the processes that generate such diversity. This knowledge and understanding is needed to address major challenges of our times: biodiversity loss, the impact of climate change, sustainable use of natural resources, food security and the spread of parasitic diseases. The Museum led the UK s involvement in the International Year of Biodiversity in After its success, the United Nations agreed a 10-year plan to protect natural resources for the future. The Decade on Biodiversity highlights the value of biodiversity to all our lives and the costs of its loss. Launched in January 2012 by the Natural History Museum, Stakeholder Forum and the British Council, four Earth Debates took place in the Attenborough Studio. Web cast live to a global audience ( ac.uk/earthdebates) they contributed to discussions surrounding the June 2012 UN Conference on sustainable Development, also known as Rio

28 The nature of science This conference held 20 years after the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 that brought to the public s attention the importance of conservation and sustainable management of the Earth s natural resources will bring together decision-makers to generate a new vision for the global transition to a fair and green economy. Lyme Regis Fossil Festival From 29 April to 1 May 2011 a team of 28 members of staff and eight volunteers took part in the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival on the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. The festival focused both on the marine reptile fossils for which the area is best known and on the amazing diversity of creatures in the seas today. Over 12,000 visitors enjoyed Museum highlights which included rock pooling and talks on topics such as oil from the sea, reconstructing the environments of the dinosaurs, Charles Darwin and marine biology. The 2012 Lyme Regis Fossil Festival runs from 4 to 6 May. Big Nature Day Big Nature Day on 22 May 2011 celebrated the International Day for Biological Diversity and the start of the UN Decade on Biodiversity. Visitors joined scientists, wildlife experts and learning experts (more than 90 volunteers), including staff from the Museum s Angela Marmont Centre for UK Biodiversity, in the Big Nature Count bio-blitz to find and identify how many different species of plants and animals there were in the Museum s Wildlife Garden. Other activities included worm charming, checking moth traps, investigating pond life and a tree hunt, plus there was a Specimen Roadshow and special themed Nature Live talks in the Attenborough Studio. Big Nature Day on 27 May 2012 is a double celebration of OPAL s (the Open Air Laboratories network) five-year landmark and, once again, the UN International Day for Biological Diversity. With over 50 natural history societies from across the UK attending, the Museum is also launching new resources for the Cub Scout Naturalist Activity Badge, which we are supporting in partnership with The Wildlife Trusts and the National Trust. The Wildlife Garden landscaping project, completed in February 2012, moved the heather habitat to encourage greater growth, integrated a dry-stone wall and new paths, updated the signage and allowed access for visitors to and from the Darwin Centre. 28

29 Lyme Regis Fossil Festival Maisie Hill 29

30 The nature of science Crime Scene Live In June 2011 the Museum ran the first of one of our most innovative events ever, which showcased our forensic science work and highlighted one aspect of our science the public are generally unaware of. Crime Scene Live was an immersive, scenario-based event where 15 participants became crime scene investigators for the night, collecting forensic evidence and interrogating that evidence using scientific methods to draw conclusions. Nature Live, Visitor Events and Museum scientists worked together to deliver this stunning event which won Gold and Silver in the Eventia Awards in November No mean feat when it was up against the Royal Wedding live event coverage and the opening and closing ceremonies of golf s Ryder Cup. After Hours In September 2011 the Museum was pleased to announce the beginning of a three-year partnership with MasterCard to sponsor Lates and Night Safaris, as part of the After Hours evenings. After Hours Lates allow visitors to experience the Museum s galleries and exhibitions after the crowds have left, and the Night Safari is an exciting opportunity to dig a bit deeper into our science, meet the scientists and take a closer look at specimens not usually on display. Evening events have continued on an upward trend in popularity since their inception in the winter of 2005 when 150 people attended the first late night opening over 3,000 people attended January 2012 s event. Learning and Visitor Events come up with wonderful Night Safari themes, from Australia to Winter Wonderland, from Surviving the Extremes to Turn Me On and Turn Me Off (for Valentine s Day), from Darwin to Nasty Nature. Participants learn about scientists favourite specimens as well as the Museum s architecture and history. Fascinating speakers, inside knowledge, a backstage pass and an exciting theme. Meeting experts with great knowledge and enthusiasm brings the subject to life. After Hours feedback forms Spinosaurus invasion During October 2011 half term, 1,328 visitors made their way to the Marine Invertebrates Gallery and got to build a dinosaur a large-scale Spinosaurus skeleton. This collaboration with the BBC, in support of Planet Dinosaur, gave families an understanding of how the Museum s Baryonyx specimen provided the evidence for Spinosaurus s interpretation on the television series, gave them hands-on experience with bones and fossils, and provided the Museum with an opportunity to showcase our research. Annual Science Lecture Professor Chris Stringer, the Museum s research leader in human origins and Britain s foremost expert on the subject, gave the 2011 Annual Science Lecture, The Origin of Our Species, on 30 November

31 Night Safari Dr Mark Spencer, Senior Curator, British and Irish and Sloane Herbariums, showing a group of Night Safari visitors a specimen of Leonotis leonurus (Lion s Tail or Wild Dagga) from collector George Clifford s garden in the 1730s 31

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33 The nature of science Age of the Dinosaur Camarasaurus (Chambered lizard) animatronic Exhibitions Sexual Nature 11 February to 2 October 2011 More than 100 Museum specimens gave visitors the chance to understand the diverse methods used in seduction and reproduction, and learn how mate choice evolved in humans. In one of the Museum s first forays into guerrilla marketing, the Snail Courtship Show gave a new angle to a press campaign, with a piece of street theatre performed on the South Bank at weekends throughout August to raise awareness of the exhibition. In a similar vein, a flash mob of scientists wearing branded lab coats and carrying specimens and promotional postcards went out and about to promote Science Uncovered. Sensational Butterflies 12 April to 11 September 2011 Exploring sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch. Hundreds of live butterflies and moths were on display in our butterfly house on the East Lawn, enabling visitors to immerse themselves in the butterflies sensory world and learn more about the surprising life they live. Age of the Dinosaur 22 April to 4 September 2011 Visitors were transported back more than 65 million years to explore misty, swamp-like Jurassic lagoons and Cretaceous forests for our blockbuster exhibition, where they got up close to life-size animatronic dinosaurs in their natural environments. More than 50 specimens from our palaeontological collections, including real fossil dinosaur bones, made up a significant and stunning part of the exhibition, each one carefully chosen to illustrate the amazing science that goes on behind the scenes at the Museum. In another new approach, this was the first exhibition to experience a successful Twitter preview. The Secret World of Museum Science, Tring 16 May to 6 November 2011 From feather forensics to digging up dodos, in Tring s summer exhibition visitors discovered what goes on behind the scenes in the largest collection of bird specimens in the world. They explored the ways in which historically and scientifically significant specimens, long dead, can spark brand-new discoveries by our scientists and researchers. 33

34 The nature of science Still life in oil Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year, Daniel Beltrá, for Still life in oil Daniel Beltrá Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year 21 October 2011 to 11 March 2012 An international judging panel of respected wildlife experts and nature photographers reviewed more than 40,000 entries from aspiring amateurs and established professional photographers from 95 countries. They hand-picked the best 108 images, which capture nature s rich diversity and fragility, to display firstly at the Natural History Museum from 21 October 2011, before embarking on a national and international tour. The coveted title of Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year was presented to Daniel Beltrá from Spain for Still life in oil, a striking image of eight brown pelicans rescued from an oil spill, from his six-image portfolio for the Wildlife Photojournalist of the Year Award. Mateusz Piesiak from Poland was hailed as Veolia Environnement Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year for his image Pester power, in the Years category. Now in its 47th year, the competition is owned by the Natural History Museum and BBC Wildlife Magazine and sponsored by Veolia Environnement. A free outdoor exhibition, Wild Planet, showcasing 80 classic images from previous Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibitions, has been on tour regionally and internationally ensuring the Museum s longest-running and most successful annual exhibition can be enjoyed by millions more visitors. See also page 36, Touring Exhibitions Scott s Last Expedition 20 January to 2 September 2012 Scott s Last Expedition launched in Sydney on 16 June 2011 at the Australian National Maritime Museum and was opened in London by Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal. It was developed in partnership with Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the Antarctic Heritage Trust (NZ). The exhibition marked the centenary of Scott reaching the South Pole and featured over 200 rare specimens and original artefacts, many of which were on display together for the first time. But Scott s Last Expedition went beyond the familiar tales of the journey to the South Pole and the death of the polar party, to focus on the everyday stories and activities of the people who took part, and also the ambitious programme of scientific investigation and geographical exploration something that had not been explored in any other exhibition. 34

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36 Animal Record-Breakers, Tring Purple-throated carib hummingbird, Caribbean islands. Hummingbirds have the fastest wing beats in the bird world The nature of science Animal Record-Breakers, Tring 6 February to 8 July 2012 Based on the book Natural History Museum Animal Records by Mark Carwardine, which outlines the world record holders from each of the main animal groups, this exhibition gives visitors an amazing opportunity to learn fascinating facts about animal champions ahead of London s 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Speed, strength and stamina were important, but the loudest howl, the furthest migration and the deepest dive were not forgotten. Images of Nature: The First Fleet Each year the Images of Nature Gallery, the Museum s newest permanent gallery, showcases a temporary exhibition of themed artworks. In February 2012 we featured works from our First Fleet collection. In May 1787, 11 ships, now known as the First Fleet, sailed from England to establish the first penal colony in Australia. The First Fleet collection of art gives a rare insight, through the eyes of the European settlers, into the Australian landscape, flora, fauna and people. Contemporary works by Aboriginal Australian artist Daniel Boyd, who took part in our International Artists in Residence programme, were also exhibited to bring a more balanced perspective to the events shown in the artworks and to comment on the history of indigenous human remains collections in museums. Touring Exhibitions Touring Exhibitions worked with 21 institutions throughout the UK during 2011/12, and 18 of these partnerships were with venues presenting Wildlife Photographer of the Year. Touring Exhibitions also worked with Think Tank in Birmingham on Dino Jaws, Brighton Shopping Centre for Dinosaur Encounter and National Museums Liverpool the first venue on the tour to host Age of the Dinosaur straight after the Natural History Museum. In all, Natural History Museum exhibitions were seen by over 350,000 visitors in the UK outside of London. Five objects, five institutions, five interpretations A new collaboration, First Time Out, saw the Horniman Museum, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Natural History Museum, Science Museum and Wellcome Collection each select one previously unseen artefact from their collections and take it in turns to display it. Alongside each object were five labels, one from each institution involved, interpreting it in their own way. The Museum object on display for the first time in summer 2011 was the cranium and mandible of a giant lemur Megaladapis edwardsi, from southwest Madagascar. 36

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38 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Plate 311, American white pelican, from John James Audubon s The Birds of America 38

39 The nature of science A mobile museum The Museum launched a mobile friendly version of our website in December 2011 to support the ever-increasing number of web visitors accessing the site via their mobiles. The first NaturePlus for children was also developed, to enable them to create a scrapbook full of dinosaur and fossil goodies from the Dinosaurs Gallery to enjoy online. The number of unique website visits is now 7,992,592, up 8 per cent from 7,397,821 in 2010/11, and the number of people enjoying all our social media options keeps going up and up too: we had 48,000 registered users of NaturePlus at the start of April 2012 from 23,000 at the end of March 2011 a 109 per cent growth. Facebook likes increased by 57 per cent from 51,000 to 80,000 and Twitter followers jumped an incredible 1,430 per cent from 10,000 to 153,000. And on YouTube we had 488,000 film views at the end of March 2012, up 36 per cent from 358,000 the previous year. Our website fulfils our Strategic Plan aim to develop and distribute impactful and relevant content that integrates expertise from across the Museum. The Museum developed the Dictionary of UK Species, the definitive web-based reference covering flora and fauna of the British Isles; and all new exhibitions, events and campaigns receive enormous web, gallery interactives, social media and film support. But we do not rest on our laurels and are planning to redesign the website and take a look at an integrated approach to content across all platforms from exhibitions and public programmes to publishing and the internet. The Museum s interactive film Who Do You Think You Really Are? won the award for Best Digital Innovation 2011 at the annual West of England Royal Television Society Awards, the film s second honour, following the Learning on Screen Premier Award from the British Universities Film and Video Council. ebooks and apps The nineteenth-century masterpiece The Birds of America, by John James Audubon, has been digitised and republished in various formats including the Museum s first ebook for the ipad, launched in September To make the new ebook, one of two original editions in the Museum Library and Archives was unbound and photographed using the latest digital technology a painstaking process that took three months. The ebook forms part of the ebook Treasures collection, created in partnership with the British Library and other museums across the UK. The Open Air Laboratories project (OPAL) Bugs Count app was launched in September 2011, and gave users nationwide a chance to get to know British wildlife, plus helped scientists track down six of Britain s most wanted bugs in Species Quest. The free app supported the OPAL Bugs Count survey, which in June asked people to hunt their local area for invertebrates to help scientists understand more about how our bugs are affected by spreading towns and cities. The survey was downloaded from our website 2,000 times in the first day, and more than 550,000 bugs have been counted so far. OPAL was runner-up in the UK s Best Environment Projects at the National Lottery Awards In June 2012 the Museum s new flagship app, Evolution, will launch, enabling users to discover more than 600 million years of Earth history and bringing to life more than a thousand organisms in their natural habitats. Researched and authored by science writer and lecturer Douglas Palmer, the app has been accredited, endorsed and supplemented by experts from the Natural History Museum. International science centre networks In March 2012 the Museum hosted a number of international meetings which aimed to foster greater integration between the global science centre and science museum communities. ASTC (the Association of Science and Technology Centres), ECSITE (the European network for science centres and museums) and the International Programme Committee for the 7th World Science Centre Congress all met at the Museum. Meetings were precipitated by the science conference Planet Under Pressure which took place in ExCeL London as part of the series of events running up to Rio

40 Our people will be one professional, versatile, efficient and effective team that works together as One Museum towards a shared vision of the future. Strategic Plan Our people Professor Ian Owens joined as the new Director of Science on 3 October 2011, succeeding Professor Richard Lane OBE, who retired at the end of May. Ian joined the Museum from Imperial College London, where he was Head of the Department of Life Sciences. In May 2011 the Museum was reaccredited with the Investors in People award and, in 2011/12, 24 managers participated in the Strathclyde University externally accredited certificated coaching course, bringing the total to 51. The Museum held its inaugural Learning Volunteer Conference on 7 June 2011 during National Volunteers Week, to celebrate the contribution the learning volunteers, now 100-strong, have made to the Museum since Since then, more than 230 volunteers have engaged with over 500,000 visitors in learning opportunities in the galleries. V Factor launched in January 2012, an exciting new volunteer initiative based in the Specimen Preparation Area in the Darwin Centre. This unique offer invites the public to sign up and work alongside our scientists on collections-based tasks while exploring the role and significance of museums today. V Factor aims to bring citizen science alive through giving volunteers the opportunity to work with experts and immerse themselves in real science and curation. At the same time it provides a sound framework for our science departments to showcase projects and progress collections care through engaging volunteers. 40

41 We aim to inspire better care of our planet. We must, therefore, continue to act responsibly with regard to our own environmental impacts in order to position the Museum as a sustainable organisation. Strategic Plan sustainable operations The Museum s Environmental Management System (EMS) has been successfully recertified to the international standard ISO by United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) accredited external auditors. This demonstrates continual improvement in environmental management across the estate, and by its employees and operations. The Invest to Save project launched in 2006 with 2.8 million of government funding to reduce carbon consumption across the entire South Kensington estate. This collaboration culminated in the launch of the 15-year Carbon Reduction Masterplan on 29 November 2011 in the Darwin Centre with a keynote speech by Gregory Barker MP, Minister of State for Climate Change. During 2011/12 the Museum entered into its second Energy Savings Contract (ESCO) and completed the renewal of core elements of its energy infrastructure, to improve operational performance and efficiency and contribute to ongoing reductions in carbon emissions. The project has delivered new low-energy transformers and installed almost 5,000 energyefficient light fittings at the South Kensington site, as well as introducing Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems at Tring and at the Museum s collections storage facility in South London. The Museum receives ongoing benefits including guaranteed savings in energy consumption providing year-on-year revenue of 40,000 per annum, and a reduction in carbon emissions by 1,700 tonnes per annum. 41

42 We will be a commercially successful and astute organisation that can deliver ambitious and impressive projects for the wider public good. Strategic Plan Commercial success The Museum aims to be a commercially successful organisation. In a challenging marketplace commercial income has grown enormously in the past year to 13.7 million, with the net contribution up 32 per cent on the previous year to 5.25 million. Members are up by 10 per cent to 7,279, and Wildlife Photographer of the Year continues to be one of the most valuable assets the Museum has, generating a total income from all outputs of 2.4 million and a net contribution of around 850,000 last year. The exhibition travelled to 16 countries and was seen by 1.3 million people. Events Commercial events had a very strong year and generated sales in excess of 2.5 million, on a par with 2008/09, suggesting the industry has been less affected by the recession over the past year. Costs were well controlled resulting in an increase in profit of 42 per cent on last year, which was four per cent more than target. The number of events increased by 25 from last year to 122, and the average room hire increased from 11,909 to 13,005 per event this year. A notable success was private events. In 2011/12 this generated 60 per cent more sales than the previous year which resulted in them making up 17 per cent of the total income, mainly from an increase in weddings from eight in 2010/11 to 13 in 2011/12 plus birthday parties and bar mitzvahs. Visitor events exceeded financial targets and increased return on investment compared to 2010/11. New events, for example Crime Scene Live, were introduced which have succeeded in becoming our fastestselling, highest-grossing and most talked about evening events to date. The press campaign for the whole events programme had an overall reach of 10 million, which resulted in the sale of 7,900 tickets and generated an income of over 250,000. Retail In challenging economic times, Retail had a successful year, beating its target and increasing sales five per cent on last year to 6.6 million, giving a contribution to the Museum of 2 million. Special mention should be made of the successful exhibition shops which all exceeded budgeted expectations with 99,000 transactions. Online sales and the garden shop increased by 18 and 17 per cent respectively. The Museum s share of income from the Ice Rink, which transformed the grounds from 4 November

43 to 8 January 2012, increased by 30,000 or 29 per cent from 2010/11. This was due to a change in session times which increased the number of available tickets. Almost 700,000 people bought something in our retail outlets, and we served one million visitors in our catering outlets. Catering Catering had a very successful year with all areas (except the snack bar and garden) exceeding target. This was a direct result of the three per cent increase in visitors, 17 per cent above target, and the increase in average spend per beverage from 4.02 last year to 4.27 in 2011/12. Enhancements made in The Restaurant in early 2011 changing the menu, slightly reducing the price of key items and new marketing materials all resulted in an increase in both conversion and average spend, generating a 27 per cent uplift in sales compared to the previous financial year. We served 20,000 more visitors. The Restaurant generated the greatest increase in income compared to last year achieving 264,000 additional sales, which was six per cent more than target. The Central Hall Café continued to serve the highest number of visitors, and the Darwin Centre Café opened for the Christmas holidays and generated income of 53,500 in the four months to year end. At the Eventia Awards in November 2011, Crime Scene Live won Gold for the Best Event in a Public Space and Silver in the Best Experiential Event category, and the Events and Catering team won Silver in the Venue Event Team of the Year category and Bronze in the Event Hotel or Venue of the Year category (250 to 750 capacity). Our awards entry showcased three exceptional events held at the Museum during the year: FC Barcelona Champions League Celebration, The Prince s Trust: Invest in Futures Fundraising Event and the Save the Children: Festival of Trees Fundraising Dinner. The Eventia Awards for Events and Catering recognised not only the significant income that commercial events generate for the Museum but also the initiatives implemented over the past year. These included forming strong alliances with other venues, committing to supporting event management degree programmes through offering placements and giving lectures to students, and working towards BS 8901 the events industry accreditation for sustainable events. 43

44 Commercial success Publishing Publishing sales were up 34 per cent. Kids Only, our guide for children, sold 74,344 copies in 2011, making it the third best-selling non-fiction children s book in the whole of the UK. The Museum s new, critically acclaimed edition of John James Audubon s The Birds of America, together with the boxed set of frameable prints, generated revenue of 165,000 since publication in October 2011, and sales worth another 110,000 have already been confirmed for the next financial year. Natural History Museum Publishing won the Association for Cultural Enterprises runner-up award for Best Publication 2012 with The Birds of America, highly praised and specially commended for its commercial success. Wildlife Photographer of the Year Portfolio 21 was published in October 2011 and 23,500 copies of the English language editions have sold to date, plus there are five foreignlanguage editions (Finnish, French, German, Greek and Portuguese). Just a snapshot of some of the Museum s amazing publications includes Age of the Dinosaur and Scott s Last Expedition, which were published to tie in with the major Museum exhibitions of the same name, and Chinese Art and the Reeves Collection and The Art of the First Fleet were also published to tie in with the temporary art displays in the Images of Nature Gallery. The What on Earth? Wallbook of Natural History was the first ever attempt to tell the complete story of natural history in over 1,000 original illustrations on a remarkable timeline, 2.3 metres long and a single piece of paper. Driven to Extinction provided a balanced and highly readable insight into the potential impacts of climate change on the diversity of life, drawing upon a wide range of illuminating case studies from around the world. And Snakes was a comprehensive introduction to the biology and natural history of this ecologically important group of animals, fully revised and updated by Museum experts. 44

45 The First Fleet Macropus giganteus, eastern gray kangaroo and Xanthorrhoea sp., grasstree. Gum-plant, and Kangooroo of New Holland. Drawing 56 by George Raper,

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