Watershed Conservation Management Planning Using the Integrated Field & Channel Technology of AnnAGNPS & CONCEPTS

Transcription

1 Watershed Conservation Management Planning Using the Integrated Field & Channel Technology of AnnAGNPS & CONCEPTS Eddy Langendoen Ron Bingner USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, Mississippi

2 BMP s can be studied from field scale to their impact on a watershed scale. Field scale BMP A watershed with diverse landuse, including BMPs.

3 Erosion can occur anywhere in a watershed Erosion in fields Erosion in small field channels Erosion in stream systems

4 Tillage-Induced Ephemeral Gully Erosion - TIEGEM As a result of a non-erosive layer at the bottom of the tillage depth

5 Branching of Ephemeral Gullies

6 Disturbed Stream Systems

7 AnnAGNPS A partnering effort between the USDA: Agricultural Research Service and Natural Resource Conservation Service National Sedimentation Laboratory

8 CONCEPTS CONservational Channel Evolution and Pollutant Transport System CONCEPTS simulates long-term response of channels to loadings of water and sediments, and to instream structures Bendway weir Streambank erosion Bed evolution and sediment transport Flow hydraulics Input: Output: Channel geometry Composition of bed and bank materials Erosion resistance and shear strength of bed and bank materials Rates of flow and sediments entering the channel Changes in channel geometry Time series of hydraulic variables and sediment yield

9 TYPES OF EROSION Interrill and rill (sheet-rill) Wind Ephemeral gully Permanent, incised (classical) gully Stream channel Mass movement Geologic

10 Watershed Erosion Model Components Sheet & Rill Ephemeral Gully Classical Gully Channel Erosion RUSLE EGEM REGEM TIEGEM Runoff/Sediment Relat. CONCEPTS when significant changes of channel morphology are possible

11 Watershed Sedimentation Processes ARS Models CONCEPTS RUSLE Surface Erosion AnnAGNPS Hillslope Gully Erosion Hillslope Storage REMM Mass Erosion Channel Transport Net Watershed Sediment Yield Channel Bank Erosion Channel Storage Yield Storage and Transport Production

12 RUSLE EROSION Concentrated Flow Sediment and nutrients transported to the edge of the field.

13 AnnAGNPS Cell Landscape Overland flow Interrill Rill Ephemeral Gully (Concentrated flow) Erosion Types

14 Water, Sediment, & Chemical Sources Track loadings by source throughout the transport process Cell A reach 1 gully Cell B reach 2 reach 3 Cell C feedlot Cell D Impoundment point source Cell E reach 4 watershed outlet Cell F

15 AGNPS WATERSHED DESCRIPTION FOCUS ON STREAM REACHES by CONCEPTS SUBWATERSHEDS CONNECTED BY THE CHANNEL NETWORK

16 Reach Processes AnnAGNPS Incorporates simple reach routing processes. There is no memory between runoff events.

17 Reach Processes CONCEPTS is better suited: When a significant portion of sediment originates from channel sources. When hydrodynamic channel morphological process simulations are needed.

18 Integration of REMM Within Models Riparian Buffer System Stream Field Erosion and Deposition

19 Case Study James Creek, MS Listed as impaired due to excessive sedimentation Channel impacted by: Channelization (~1905) Dredging and snagging (1968) Construction of several lowwater crossings (1960s 1990s) Construction of Tennessee- Tombigbee waterway (1980s).-, 55 Monroe #S Aberdeen #S Jackson.-, 20.-, 59 Flow direction

20 James Creek Description 1430 mm rainfall Drainage area 111 sq km (43 sq mi) Soils: dominated by silty clays and silt loams Most of the watershed in cultivated croplands, pasture or fallow conditions Main crops: corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat, and sorghum Implemented BMPs: reduced tillage, strip cropping, terraces

21 James Creek Channel Characteristics Lower 6.6 km has natural sinuous alignment Bank erosion is prevalent Boundary materials are predominantly silts and clays

22 DETERMINATION OF ACTUAL SEDIMENT LOADINGS AT THE OUTLET OF JAMES CREEK DARRACOTT ROAD OUTLET JAMES CREEK OUTLET CONCEPTS MAIN CHANNEL ANNAGNPS TRIBUTARIES SEDIMENT FROM MEASURED CROSS SECTIONS SEDIMENT FROM ANNAGNPS

23 GIS Landuse Layer PLANTING SOYBEANS INTO HARVESTED WHEAT FIELDS GULLY MIGRATION INTO FURROWS LANDUSE TYPE CORN SOYBEANS IN A REDUCED TILLAGE FIELD COTTON FALLOW FOREST PASTURE SORGHUM SOYBEANS URBAN WHEAT

24 Synthesis of 1967 Cross-Sections THALWEG ELEVATION, IN METERS Floodplain Low-water crossing Sinuous reach Channelized reach DISTANCE ABOVE MOUTH OF JAMES CREEK, IN KILOMETERS

25 YEARLY RAINFALL FROM ABERDEEN, MISSISSIPPI PRECIPITATION (mm) YEAR AVERAGE (1411 mm) LONG-TERM AVERAGE (1317 mm)

26 ANNAGNPS SIMULATED YEARLY RUNOFF AT DARRACOTT ROAD RAINFALL or RUNOFF (mm) RAINFALL RUNOFF YEAR

27 AnnAGNPS Simulated Runoff and Sediment Yield by Field mm/y T/ha/y 484 mm/y Sediment Load Portion from Upland Outlet = 2.2 T/ha/y (1 t/ac/y)

28 Comparison of Cross Sections ELEVATION, IN METERS Initial Condition 2002 Measured 2002 Simulated HORIZONTAL DISTANCE, IN METERS

29 Sediment Load SEDIMENT LOAD, IN TONNES All channels Fields Total YEAR

30 Sediment Load at the Watershed Outlet ( ) Total Sediment Load Reach Channel Sheet and Rill Total (T) (T) (T) Above rkm Below rkm Total Load (T) Average Load (T/y) Average Yield (T/y/km 2 ) Contribution (%)

31 Summary AnnAGNPS is a watershed conservation planning tool (CEAP). CONCEPTS provides needed capabilities to characterize channel erosion contributions. Used together these technologies allow watershed management planning to target the appropriate issues.

32 Thank you