NetMap''' Watershed'Database'and'Analysis'System'
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- Barbra Bennett
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1 NetMap' Watershed'Database'and'Analysis'System' Earth'Systems'Ins8tute' Sea:le/Mt.'Shasta/Fort'Collins' NetMap: A collaborative enterprise since US National Forests (WA, OR, NCA, AK, ID, MT) -US Forest Service Research: PNW; PSW, RMRS -NOAA -BLM -EPA -Oregon Dept. Forestry -State Fish and Game -NGOs -Watershed Councils -First Nations -Universities -Foothills Research (Alberta) -Private (West Fraser, US companies) -International (Spain, China, Russia) Current and Pending Coverage 2'million'ha' Alberta' '
2 Digital Landscapes (smart stream layer) Analysis Tools Support/ maintenance Advisory Groups Why? to provide analyses and information previously unavailable to agencies and other stakeholders Why? to provide analyses and information previously unavailable to agencies and other stakeholders Where are the best fish habitats located? Where do they overlap with land use stressors? 2'
3 Why? to provide analyses and information previously unavailable to agencies and other stakeholders Where are the best fish habitats located? Where do they overlap with land use stressors? Which road segments pose the greatest threats to erosion, water quality and to aquatic habitats? Why? to provide analyses and information previously unavailable to agencies and other stakeholders Where are the best fish habitats located? Where do they overlap with land use stressors? Which road segments pose the greatest threats to erosion, water quality and to aquatic habitats? At what locations are energy pipelines most susceptible to erosion or flooding impacts? Why? to provide analyses and information previously unavailable to agencies and other stakeholders Where are the best fish habitats located? Where do they overlap with land use stressors? Which road segments pose the greatest threats to erosion, water quality and to aquatic habitats? At what locations are energy pipelines most susceptible to erosion or flooding impacts? Where is wildfire related erosion and flooding risk the greatest? 3'
4 Applications Forest/Fire Management Transportation/Pipelines Mining/Energy Conservation Aquatic Habitats Reclamation Climate change Restoration Components (1) Digital Landscapes (2) Community Tools (3) Analyses (4) Support & Maintenance A digital landscape is a virtual environment where landforms and physical and biological processes are placed in context with spatial patterns of human activities and infrastructure 4'
5 Elements Creating a synthetic river -channel heads -channel density -adjustable (remove, add streams, custom segments) critical drainage area plan curvature NetMap s topographic-channel data structure Uniform data structure Roads Hillslope Stream 5'
6 Discretize -channels -hillsides -roads/pipelines Smart'stream'layer' Channel'A:ributes' Smart'digital'landscape' Landforms'and'Process'Characteriza8ons Gradient' Shear'stress' Bed'substrate' Channel'classifica8on' Fish'habitats' Floodplains' Alluvial'fans' Tributary'confluences' Erosion'potenAal' Hillslope'%'gradient'and'convergence'(mass' wasang)' Channel'width'and'depth' Hillslope' 'slope'profile' '(surface'erosion)' Eleva8on' Distance'to'outlet' Radia8on'loading'etc.' Valley'width'and'transiAons' Debris'flows' Drainage'density'etc.' LiDAR'issues:'road' 'stream'diversions' 6'
7 Correc8ng'networks' Alberta' 'what'else'is'available?' ' #1:'stream'layer'(1:20,000'cartographic),'drainage'density'(1.1'km'km W2 'vs'5.0)' ' NetMap' Canada' (SY) 1 ' (CG)' DEM' Y' Y' Stream'layer' Y' Y' Other' Y' Y 12 ' landforms 3 ' Adjustable 4 ' Y' N' DownstreamW' Y' N' upstream' rou8ng 5 ' DownslopeW Y' N' upslope' rou8ng 6 ' Element' Y' N' discre8za8on 7 ' Network' Y' N' completeness 8 ' Consistency 9 ' Y' Y' Tools 10 ' Y' N' Total'score' 100%' 40%' Alberta'cartographic' NetMap' Alberta' 'what'else'is'available?' ' #2:'stream'layer'(1m'LiDAR'synthe8c'[Univ.'of'New'Brunswick]),'drainage'density (4.6'km'km W2 'vs'5.0)' ' 1:20,000'cartographic' Field'surveys' NetMap' (SY) 1 ' DEM' Y' Y' Stream'layer' Y' Y' Other' landforms 3 ' Y' Canada' (SY)' (LiDAR)' N' Adjustable 4 ' Y' N' DownstreamW' upstream' rou8ng 5 ' DownslopeW upslope' rou8ng 6 ' Element' discre8za8on 7 ' Network' completeness 8 ' Y' Y' Y' Y' N' N' N' Y' Consistency 9 ' Y' Y' Tools 10 ' Y' N' Total'score' 100%' 40%' UNB'LiDAR' Benchmark' 7'
8 NetMap s Community Tools (ArcMap 10/10.1) Aquatic habitat indices -Fish habitat (5 species) -core areas -diversity -biological hotspots -classification -floodplains -estuaries (EPA) Erosion -Shallow slide/debris flow -Surface erosion -Sediment yield Vegetation -riparian -fuels/fire risk -post fire Riparian Management -habitat -wood recruitment (USFS) -thermal load -erosion Roads -density (multi-scale) -upstream hab. length/quality -stability -drainage diversion (NOAA) -surface erosion (RMRS) Google Earth Interface/online tech help NetMap in ArcMap ~70 tools/100+ parameters -Basic Tools -Fluvial Morphology -Aquatic Habitat -Erosion -Riparian Management -Transportation/Energy 3.0 Fluvial Morphology Module 3.1 Flow Calculations (mean annual flow, Other Q [2013]) 3.2 Hydraulic/Planform Geometry Channel width Channel depth Flow velocity Bed shear stress Substrate D50/Classes Channel sinuosity 3.3 Network Variables Channel gradient Maximum downstream gradient Drainage area Mean annual precipitation Stream order Stream power Tributary Confluence environments 3.4 Channel Classification Generic Rosgen Headwater (2013, funded, State of WA) Confinement 4.0 Aquatic Habitat Module 4.1 Define Fish Distribution 4.2 Create Aquatic Habitats Intrinsic Potential (three anadromous species) Cutthroat Trout (Bayesian) Bull Trout (Empirical) 4.3 Core Habitats 4.4 Habitat Diversity 4.5 Cumulative Habitat Length and Quality 4.6 Beaver Habitat 4.7 Channel Disturbance Index 4.8 Piscicide Tool 4.9 Estuary mapping-classification (Puget Sound) 4.10 Riparian and upland wetland screening (proposed) 3.5 Drainage and Junction Density (subbasin scale) 3.6 Floodplain Mapping 3.7 Alluvial fan mapping (summer 2013) 3.8 Landslide Channel interactions 3.9 Define Channel Heads (trim network top down) 4.0 Wood Accumulation Types 8'
9 6.0'Transporta8on/Energy'Module' 6.1'Import'Road/pipeline'Layer'(discreAze)' 6.2'Corridor'(road,'pipeline)'Density' 'Subbasin'scale' 'Stream'Segment/Network'Scale 6.3'Road'SegmentaAon'for'drain'points'(drainage'diversion,'road'erosion)' 6.4'Road'(other'corridor)'Stability' 6.5'Road'(other'corridor)'in'Floodplains' 6.6'Habitat'Upstream'of'Road'(and'other'corridors)' 6.7'Road'(other'corridor)'stream'overlap'classificaAon;'habitat;'debris'flow;'gully' 6.8'Road'Surface'Erosion'(GRAIP'%'lite,'WEPP)' 6.9'Toxic'spill'upstream'tracer'(proposed)' A platform for other programs, tools, and databases Road surface erosion (GRAIP) Vegetation state and transition modeling (VDDT) Fire simulation (Flammap etc.) Burn severity (BAER) Vegetation data (Type/age etc.) NetMap NHD/NHD+/ other stream layers (Data/drainage mask) Surface erosion (WEPP etc.) Fish data/barriers (Bayesian Cuttrhoat/ Bull Trout models) Information transfer between NetMap and other stream databases (including NHD) NetMap River Network Data Structure Other Network GIS Data Structures 9'
10 Applications: urban and agriculture Coho salmon habitat where are the best habitats located? (intrinsic potential, Burnett et al. 2007) Coho salmon habitat where are the best habitats located? (intrinsic potential, Burnett et al. 2007) 10'
11 All tools online technical help Landscape mapping: steelhead NetMap WA Dept of Fish and Game 11'
12 Steelhead habitat, classify using Sort & Rank Tool Differentiate fish habitat types (across all of Puget Sound) Quickly search for intersections of sensitive habitats with single or multiple stressors 12'
13 Road density a stressor Where does the highest 5% of road density (stream segment scale) intersect the top 5% of coho salmon quality? Beaver habitat (Pollock et al. 2004) 13'
14 Flexible floodplain mapping Flexible floodplain mapping Flexible floodplain mapping 14'
15 Mapping floodplains: regulatory or part of habitat mapping/prediction Mapping floodplains: identifying where obscured Skokomish River Development Mapping floodplains: identifying where developed (restoration) 15'
16 Floodplain mapping for restoration planning Applications: the rural, upstream domain -forestry -roads -erosion -wildfire Where are the most erosion prone areas located? Which areas are most sensitive to land uses? What are the best buffer designs to mitigate erosion? 16'
17 NetMap shallow failure-gully potential (Miller and Burnett 2007) NetMap shallow failure-gully potential (Miller and Burnett 2007) Post fire gully/debris flow erosion 17'
18 Post fire gully/debris flow erosion Debris flow potential Low High Map quality habitat intersections with stressors in Google Earth Red=higher risk Blue = lower risk Less concern More concern Forest Roads 18'
19 Road surface erosion to streams Link to habitat Where does the top 10% of road density overlap the top 10% of erosion potential, and where does that pair overlap with the top 10% of fish habitat quality? Pre- and post fire planning Step(1:(fuels( Step(2:(,ire(intensity( ((inc.(climate(change)( Step(3:(Erosion( Step(4:(Habitat( Step(5( Overlay(high((,ire(intensity( (w/(high(( erosion(risk( Step(5( Identify(overlaps( among(high(,ire( risk,(high(erosion( potential(&(high( habitat(potential( ( Prioritize(treatments( 19'
20 Climate change, applying downscaled GCM predictions (UW Climate Impact Group) Increased(winter(,looding(likely( Spa8ally'Explicit'Riparian'Management' ' ' ' A'procedure'for'riparian'management' planning'based'on'assessment'of %forest'growth' %riparian'processes' %fish'habitat' Reach'Scale'Wood'Recruitment' Mortality'types'include' suppression,'fire,'insect,'disease,' &'wind%throw.' ' Bells'and'Whistles:! channel'width,'! stand'width,'! hillslope'gradient,! bank'erosion,! wood'decay,! taper'equaaons,! thinned'trees'that'are'apped,' and! size'of'resulang'wood'pieces Stream'reach' Forest'stands' Forest'stands' Stand' widths' Inputs:'stand'tables'from'forest' growth'models' Outputs:'10'types'of'plots' Channel width' Hillslope'gradients' Kozak,'1988;Bilby'et'al,'1999;'Benda'and'Sias'2003;'Sobota'et'al,'2006;'Hibbs'et'al,'2007;'and'more. 20'
21 Scenarios Lei'bank'is'always'no'acAon'scenario'(70'm)' Right'bank'treatment'scenarios'(11)' Double'entry'thin,'70'TPA:'2010,'2040' All'other'parameters'held'constant' Right'bank'scenarios' Stand1' Stand2' No'acAon'(10'm)' No'acAon'(60'm)' No'acAon' Thinned' No'acAon' Thin'&'Ap'5%' No'acAon' Thin'&'Ap'10%' No'acAon' Thin'&'Ap'15%' No'acAon' Thin'&'Ap'20%' Thinned'(70'm)' Thin'&'Ap'5%' Thin'&'Ap'10%' Thin'&'Ap'15%' Thin'&'Ap'20%' Wood'Volume'(m3'100'mW1'reach)' Wood'Volume'(m3'100'mW1'reach)' Cumula8ve'wood'volume'using'2'bank'scenarios,'no'buffer 30' Untreated'/'Untreated' 25' Untreated/Double'thin' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'5' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'10' 20' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'15' 15' 10' Scenarios'with'Apped'trees'produce'higher' volumes'of'wood'in'the'reach'than'untreated'or' 5' thinned'stands'for'most'of'the'ame'simulated.' 0' 2010' 2020' 2030' 2040' 2050' 2060' 2070' 2080' 2090' 2100' 2110' Year' Cumula8ve'wood'volume'using'2'bank'scenarios,'10'm'buffer' 30' Untreated'/'Untreated' 25' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'10%' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'15%' 20' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'20%' 15' The'buffer'reduces'the'effect'of'the'thin'and'Ap'by' 10' reducing'loss'of'wood.'but'in'the'long'term'the' volume'of'wood'in'the'stream'increased'to'close'to' 5' the'untreated'scenario.' 0' 2010' 2020' 2030' 2040' 2050' 2060' 2070' 2080' 2090' 2100' 2110' Year' Total'volume'of'cumulaAve'wood'over' Ame' Total'cumulaAve'wood' Untreated/Double'thin' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'5%' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin' (sorted'by'increasing'volume)' Volume (m 3 '100'm %1 'reach) (percent'change'from' reference')' 156'(%42%)' 232'(%14%)' 243'(%10%)' Untreated/Untreated(reference'condiAon)' 271' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'10%' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'10%' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'15%' Untreated/Buffer10_Double'thin'Ap'20%' Untreated/Double'thin,'Ap'15%' 284'(5%)' 288'(6%)' 299(10%)' 305'(13%)' 324'(20%)' Tree'Apping'from'thinning'operaAons'combined'with'riparian'buffers'offer'the'highest' volumes'of'wood'loadings' 21'
22 Forest'Growth' Fish'Habitat' Erosion' Debris'Flow' Assess'environments:'reach'scale'(project)'and'watershed'scale'using'a'mix'of' advanced'analysis'tools'and'field'work' Upslope'Wood Thermal' Wood'sources'&'recruitment' Sensitivity analysis: which channels are most sensitive to changes in riparian veg? Thermal loading watts/m 2 ) Fully forested versus no vegetation (bare) 3500' Radia8on'to'Channel'(wa:s/m 2 ) ' 3000' 2500' 2000' 1500' 1000' 0.4' 0.5' 0.6' 0.7' 0.8' 1.0' VegetaAon'densiAes' 500' 0' 0' 5' 10' 15' 20' 25' 30' 35' Buffer'width'(m)' Radia8on'versus'Buffer'Width,'Variable'Densi8es,'Height'=50m, Stream'Channel'Width=10m' ' 22'
23 Assemble'the'Pieces:'Design'Riparian'Management' Number'of'pieces'100'm %1' Number'of'pieces'100'm %1 '>='10'cm'in'diameter' 10' Per 10 year periods NoTBE1PD10' 9' 8' 7' 6' 5' 4' 3' 2' 1' ~10%%reduc+on%with% 30%3%buffer% 100 yrs Thin' No'thin,'bank'ero'1mm/yr' NoTBE5PD10' No'thin,'bank'ero'5mm/yr' Buf30BE1PD10' 30 'buffer,'bank'ero'1mm/yr' Buf30BE5PD10' 30 'buffer,'bank'ero'5mm/yr' Buf100BE1PD10' 100 'buffer,'bank'ero'1mm/yr' Buf100BE5PD10' 100 'buffer,'bank'ero'5mm/yr' 0' 1995' 2045' 2095' 2145' 2195' Years' Browser tools for data dissemination and visualization (no ArcGIS experience needed!) 23'
24 Access databases and tools, and support and maintenance 24'
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