New Albany Shale? Brandon C. Nuttall, Speaker Kentucky Geological Survey KOGA, Louisville, Ky 16 Jul 2014

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1 Oil and NGLs in the Devonian New Albany Shale? Brandon C. Nuttall, Speaker Kentucky Geological Survey KOGA, Louisville, Ky 16 Jul 2014

2 Natural Gas Phases at 1 Atm Benzene (C6) Hexane (C6) Pentane (C5) isopentane (C5) Butane (C4) isobutane (C4) Propane (C3) Ethane (C2) Methane (C1) Natural Gas Liquids Liquid Gas webbook.nist.gov Boiling Fahrenheit (Deg.) points

3 Available Production Data 160 New Albany shale wells with at least 3 years of production data

4 Composite Shale Gas Decline Dimensionless rate (q/qmax) % 75th percentile 50% of q max Median 33% 25th percentile Time (months)

5 New Albany Shale Gas Production 3-Year Cumulative (MMcf) 160 wells 1, MMcf MMcf Maximum Production Rate (MMcf)

6 Kentucky Natural Gas Percent GPM: 3.1 Wetness: 11.9 Btu Min: 796 Med: 1,092 Max: 1, U.S. Bureau of Mines Helium Analysis Database (NIST)

7 Gallons NGL/Mcf GPM ? % Bakken Eagle Ford Green River Marcellus Utica Ohio New Albany

8 Oil Production from New Albany Endeavor Energy #4 Burton Whitfill (107296) #1 Baum (107321) #3 Burton Whitfill (107322) #5 Whitfill (107651) Hard Rock#1 Pullen (110407) Thanks to Dave Harris for digging these out

9 Initial Completions Endeavor wells Vertical wellbore Cased hole High GR in Grassy Creek 7 to 8 interval Water: 376 to 390 bbl Sand: 45,000 lb IOF 150 to 200 Mcf/d Oil after 1 yr +/ Previous wells Vertical wellbore Cased hole New Albany 113 to 160 interval Nitrogen foam frac Sand: 60,000 lb IOF 20 to 500 Mcf/d Some production data indicate possible oil

10 New Albany Res Frac Den GR Most previous completions 4.5 casing to 1860 Endeavor 5 Whitfill 200 Mcf (IOF, 2011) 33 Bo/d & 60 Mcf (2012)

11 Hardrock 1 Pullen Gas/Oil Ratios (Mcf/bbl) 2 Endeavor 5 Whitfill 3.6 Endeavor 4 Burton Whitfill 1.8, 5.7 GPM 3.8, 5.0 GPM 4

12 2012 Oil Production (Bbls) Hardrock 1 Pullen Endeavor 5 Whitfill Endeavor 3 Whitfill Burton Endeavor 4 Burton Whitfill Endeavor 1 Baum 3, ,482 Bbls

13 Isopach of New Albany

14 Structure on Top of New Albany No significant closure

15 Base of Beech Creek (Barlow) Possible nosing No significant closure Needs more detailed local mapping After Smith (1997) KGS Ser. XI, OF

16 During visit: Estimated bo/d 20 Mcf/d 400 psi backpressure Endeavor #5 Whitfill

17 Preparing to Sample Fluids

18 Sampling Oil Natural gas Emulsion Water Medium olive, 42 API oil All sampling done in closed systems

19 Analyses & Data Sets Natural gas Oil Composition Isotopes Whole oil GC Isotopes MPLC Cuttings/Core Extract GC Aromatic GCMS Saturate GCMS MPLC Endeavor 4 Endeavor 5 KGS 1 Blan YES YES YES YES YES YES

20 Not a Geochemist

21 Oil & Extract Gas Chromatographs Phytane/n c Ordovician Pristane/n C17 Non Ordovician Ordovician Cincinnati Arch West Kentucky Extracts Oils Data: Burgess, Humble Geochemical Burruss, USGS Reynolds (WKY) Modified from Hamilton Smith (KGS unpublished) Hunt (1995)

22 Rock Eval Definitions S1 free oil content S2 remaining hydrocarbon potential T max temperature of maximum rate of evolution of S2 hydrocarbons, thermal maturity Kerogen types: HI normalized hydrogen content OI normalized oxygen content

23 Endeavor #4 Pyrogram Organic rich, early mature source rock Broad S2 indicates large capacity to generate hydrocarbons Temperature Temperature FID Response S1 S Time (Minutes) T max : Thousands

24 HI 1, I Oil-prone RPSEA IP136 (KY) Endeavor 4 Blan II Oil-prone Rock Eval Early mature Type I & II Oil prone Marine OI Modified van Krevelen Gas-prone III Blan: Nuttall (2013) KGS Ser 12, RI 17 IP136: Chou and others, (1991) RPSEA: Salehi and others, (2010) contract

25 T max ( C) Max. Expulsion of Observations Immature Early mature Dry Gas After Cole et al (1994) Data from Endeavor 4, Blan, IP136, RPSEA

26 Gas Wetness Gas Wetness, log(c1/(c2+c3)) Southern Indiana & Meade County D r y e r Grayson County Endeavor wells Western & South Central Indiana Depth (meters) Modified from RPSEA (2010)

27 Methane Isotopes δd C δ 13 C Early mature thermogenic Whiticar (1999)

28 Kentucky Devonian Shale Wells Outcrop In subsurface Oil in shale Breckinridge County Shrewsbury area (possible) 22 New Abany wells with at least some reported oil production

29 29 Permits issued since 1/1/13

30 Summary Relatively rich source rock Type I & II marine, oil prone Early mature Thermogenic gas Extremely limited data 2 data points does not make a play Potential for oil and NGLs Down dip?

31 Acknowledgments Glynn Beck Marty Parris Dave Harris Ray Henning

32 Thanks Brandon C. Nuttall Kentucky Geological Survey (859)

33 RPSEA Contract RPSEA/GTI, 2010 Detailed geochemical and geomechanical assessment of selected wells in Indiana and Kentucky

34 Chou and others, IP 136 Rock Eval pyrolysis and oil fingerprinting data for wells in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky (includes data other than New Albany Shale)

35 KGS #1 Blan Publication to download PDF TOC 4.75% to 9.74% Oil to wet gas TAI 2 to 2.3 Ro max 0.45% to 0.55% T max 431⁰Cto 440⁰C 9.48x10 5 md RI 17, 2013

36 Gallons per Mcf HCGas [C2, C3,, C6+] mole% i from gas analysis galpermole i gas processing handbooks lb moles of gas per 1,000 ft 3

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