The giant Gas planets of the outer solar system. Rocky inner planets. Silicates with Iron/Nickel cores. Hydrogen, Helium, methane, water, ammonia
|
|
- Erika Perkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SUN Hydrogen (74%), some helium (24%) Rocky inner planets Silicates with Iron/Nickel cores The giant Gas planets of the outer solar system Hydrogen, Helium, methane, water, ammonia
2 Where did the water for the oceans come from? From volcanoes: Ammonia (NH 3 ) Hydrogen (H 2 ) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Water vapor (H 2 O) Nitrogen (N 2 )
3 Hadean Oceans Characteristics Liquid Water existed at 4.4 Gyrs Ephemeral (periodically vaporized) Acidic (water + carbon dioxide = carbonic acid) Probably salty Stabilized by end of Hadean (about 3.8 Gyrs) Evidence Jack Hills Formation zircon crystals with water inclusions solar system evidence for heavy bombardment and models no limestones, atmospheric models acidic water (dissolves ions) first limestones & sedimentary rocks
4 What is different about the Earth? Tectonically Active: No or very few craters visible. The lithosphere (rocky outer crust) is moving. (Venus and some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn may also be somehat active) Why is this? Dynamic Hydrosphere/Atmosphere: Clouds, winds, waves, currents, etc. (something similar on Jupiter and Mars, but different in magnitude and/or kind) Dynamic Biosphere: you can see life on the Earth in the reflected radiation and in the fact that there is Oxygen in the atmosphere.
5 MAIN IDEA 1 Planet Earth The major geologic features of Earth's surface are (1) the surface fluids (air and water), (2) the continents, and (3) the ocean basins. The characteristics of these features indicate that Earth is undergoing constant change. Earth is unique in the Solar System. SUPPORTING IDEAS 1. A comparison of Earth with other terrestrial planets provides an insight into the distinguishing characteristics of our planet and what makes it unique. 2. Earth's atmosphere is a thin shell surrounding the planet and is in constant motion. It is unique in the Solar System in that it is composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. 3. The hydrosphere is another feature that makes Earth unique. It moves from the ocean to the atmosphere and over the surface in a great cycle. 4. The biosphere exists because of water. Although it is relatively small compared with other major layers of Earth, the biosphere has been a major geologic force operating at the surface.
6 5. Continents and ocean basins are the principal surface features of Earth. 6. The continents consist of three major components: (a) shields, (b) stable platforms, and (c) belts of folded mountains. All these components show the mobility of the crust. 7. The ocean floor contains several major structural and topographic divisions: (a) the oceanic ridge (b) the abyssal floor, (c) seamounts, (d) trenches, and (e) continental margins. 8. Earth is a differentiated planet, with its materials segregated and concentrated into layers according to density. The internal layers based on composition are (a) crust, (b) mantle, and (c) core. The major internal layers based on physical properties are (a)lithosphere, (b) asthenosphere, (c) mesosphere, (d) outer core, and (e) inner core. Material within these units is in motion, making Earth a changing, dynamic planet.
7 The Hydrosphere Total mass of water on or near the Earth s surface Covers 71% of Earth s surface ~98% in oceans 2% in glaciers, groundwater, lakes and streams (fresh water) The presence of water moderates climates and shapes the Earth s surface
8 Compositional Layers Crust Continental crust Thicker than oceanic crust - up to 75 km Less dense g/cm 3 Strongly deformed Much older - may be billions of years old
9 Compositional Layers Crust Oceanic crust Thinner than continental crust - about 8 km More dense g/cm 3 Comparatively undeformed Much younger - < 200 million years old Composed of basalt
10 Crustal Properties Crust Density Composition Thickness Age continental ~2.8 g/cm 3 Felsic Thick: km Old: up to 4 Byrs oceanic ~3.2 g/cm 3 Mafic Thin: 2-10 km Young: <200 Mys
11 30_SeaFloor.swf
12 Ocean Basins
13
14 Key Ideas Earliest direct evidence for voyaging was from the Mediterranean. There may well have been intentional or unintentional ocean travel previous to that time. The origins of marine science lie in voyaging traveling on the ocean for a purpose, which varied form one culture and time to another. Technological advances made during voyaging and later marine exploration led to the rise of scientific oceanography. Earth s shape and circumference were accurately estimated around 230 B.C. at the Library of Alexandria, Egypt. The use of latitude and longitude for positioning and navigation also began there. Polynesian adventurers were the first to perfect methods of sustained, long-distance, open-ocean travel. Possibly as early as 900 BCE, but surely by 300 AD The first systematic voyages of oceanic exploration were undertaken by the Chinese in the fifteenth century.
15 Key Ideas Continued Christopher Columbus did not discover North America, and he did not sail around the world. Captain James Cook, Royal Navy, was perhaps the first ocean observer careful enough to be considered a marine scientist. The Challenger expedition was the first purely scientific voyage of oceanic exploration. Polar Studies greatly advanced marine science at the beginning of the twentieth century. Nearly all research is conducted not by individuals but by teams of specialists working in large, nationally funded oceanographic or military institutions. Satellites are increasingly important tools of oceanographic research.
16 A third century B.C. chart showing the system of latitude and longitude developed by Eratosthenes.
17 The Chinese Undertook Organized Voyages of Discovery Chinese navigators set out in the early 1400s to explore the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Africa and the Atlantic. Their ships were laden with gifts designed to show China s wealth and degree of civilization! The Chinese invented: The central rudder Water-tight compartments Sails on multiple masts marine compass
18 Benjamin Franklin and the Gulf Stream
19 The British Challenger expedition of was the first oceanic expedition dedicated to scientific research.
20 New Ships for New Tasks Ocean drilling (sediment and rock), water sampling (Temperature, Salinity, chemistry, etc), Echo sounders, side scan radar, submersibles, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and now satellites in space (TOPEX, SeaWifs etc)
21
22
23 Blue = No deposition
24
25 What about changes in sea level? glacial/interglacial timescale Increase of ~120 meters
26 What about changes in sea level? Over Figure the last 5.13 century Increase of ~15 centimeters
27 Continental Margins Components: 1. Continental shelf = the shallow, submerged edge of the continent 2. Shelf break = the abrupt transition from continental shelf to the continental slope 3. Continental slope = the transition between the continental shelf and the deep-ocean floor 4. Continental rise = thick accumulations of sediment found at the base of the continental slope
28
29 Continental slope Continental rise
30 Deep Ocean Basins Major features: Mid-ocean ridges Fracture zones and transform faults Hydrothermal vents Shallow earthquakes Abyssal plains Abyssal hills Seamounts and guyots Oceanic trenches Volcanic arcs Deep earthquakes
31 Mid Ocean Ridge Spreading
32 Abyssal Plains Abyssal plains = broad flat areas of sediment-covered ocean floor found between the continental margins and the mid-ocean ridges Typically 4-6 km below sea level The flattest surface on Earth Sedimentation rates are very slow -- millimeters/1000 years! Mostly very fine clay, windblown dust, and shells of microscopic organisms Carbonate sediments are rare, as most of the plain is below the Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)
33 Continental Margins Components: 1. Continental shelf = the shallow, submerged edge of the continent 2. Shelf break = the abrupt transition from continental shelf to the continental slope 3. Continental slope = the transition between the continental shelf and the deep-ocean floor 4. Continental rise = thick accumulations of sediment found at the base of the continental slope
34
35 Continental slope Continental rise
36 Deep Ocean Basins Major features: Mid-ocean ridges Fracture zones and transform faults Hydrothermal vents Shallow earthquakes Abyssal plains Abyssal hills Seamounts and guyots Oceanic trenches Volcanic arcs Deep earthquakes
37
38 Abyssal Plains Abyssal plains = broad flat areas of sediment-covered ocean floor found between the continental margins and the mid-ocean ridges Typically 4-6 km below sea level The flattest surface on Earth Sedimentation rates are very slow -- millimeters/1000 years! Mostly very fine clay, windblown dust, and shells of microscopic organisms Carbonate sediments are rare, as most of the plain is below the Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)
39 Oceanic-Oceanic and Oceanic-Continental Subduction Zones
40 Passive Continental Margin
Ocean Basins, Bathymetry and Sea Levels
Ocean Basins, Bathymetry and Sea Levels Chapter 4 Please read chapter 5: sediments for next class and start chapter 6 on seawater for Thursday Basic concepts in Chapter 4 Bathymetry the measurement of
More informationMarine Science and Oceanography
Marine Science and Oceanography Marine geology- study of the ocean floor Physical oceanography- study of waves, currents, and tides Marine biology study of nature and distribution of marine organisms Chemical
More informationEarth s Continents and Seafloors. GEOL100 Physical Geology Ray Rector - Instructor
Earth s Continents and Seafloors GEOL100 Physical Geology Ray Rector - Instructor OCEAN BASINS and CONTINENTAL PLATFORMS Key Concepts I. Earth s rocky surface covered by of two types of crust Dense, thin,
More informationChapter 2. The Planet Oceanus
Chapter 2 The Planet Oceanus Composition of the Earth The Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in chemistry and physical properties. There are two different ways to describe
More informationARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE!
ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE! WHAT PROMINENT FEATURE CAN YOU IDENTIFY IN THIS PICTURE? What do you think the different colors represent? Who might find such a picture
More informationCan t t wait to take Exam 4!
Can t t wait to take Exam 4! Really can t wait to study for the final exam! 1 2 Housekeeping Exam 4: study glossaries, chapter questions TA lab closed after Tues. How to study for exam 4 Make lists for
More informationTuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth
Tuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth Objective: Describe the solar system and Earth s location in it. Identify Earth s shape. Discuss Earth s structure. List Earth s landforms Do Now: What is a compass
More informationFoundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa
Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Oceans: The Last Frontier Foundations, 6e - Chapter 9 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The vast world ocean Earth is often referred
More informationOceanography, An Invitation to Marine Science 9e Tom Garrison. Ocean Basins Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Oceanography, An Invitation to Marine Science 9e Tom Garrison 4 Ocean Basins Key Concepts Tectonic forces shape the seabed The ocean floor is divided into continental margins and deep ocean basins The
More informationEarth / Environmental Science. Ch. 14 THE OCEAN FLOOR
Earth / Environmental Science Ch. 14 THE OCEAN FLOOR The Blue Planet Nearly 70% of the Earth s surface is covered by the global ocean It was not until the 1800s that the ocean became an important focus
More informationOceanography is the scientific study of oceans Oceans make up over 70% of the Earth s surface
Oceanography Oceanography is the scientific study of oceans Oceans make up over 70% of the Earth s surface An ocean must be large and have features which set it apart from other oceans (currents, water
More informationChapter Overview. Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry
CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces Chapter Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools. Most ocean floor features
More informationThe Sea Floor. Chapter 2
The Sea Floor Chapter 2 Geography of the Ocean Basins World ocean is the predominant feature on the Earth in total area Northern Hemisphere = 61% of the total area is ocean. Southern Hemisphere = about
More informationMap shows 3 main features of ocean floor
Map shows 3 main features of ocean floor 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Marine Provinces 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 3 Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean
More informationTAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
More informationMARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY
MARINE GEOLOGY MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY Marine Geology 4 LAYERS OF THE EARTH CRUST THICKNESS: VARIES BETWEEN OCEAN & CONTINENTS 5-40 KM STATE: SOLID ELEMENTS: SILICON, ALUMINUM, CALCIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM
More informationBathymetry Measures the vertical distance from the ocean surface to mountains, valleys, plains, and other sea floor features
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces Chapter Overview The study of bathymetry determines ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools.
More informationChapter 02 The Sea Floor
Chapter 02 The Sea Floor Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the following is not one of the world's major ocean basins: A. Atlantic Ocean B. Arctic Ocean C. Indian Ocean D. Antarctic Ocean E. Pacific
More informationChapter 9 Lecture Outline. Oceans: The Last Frontier
Chapter 9 Lecture Outline Oceans: The Last Frontier The Vast World Ocean Earth is referred to as the blue planet 71% of Earth s surface is oceans and marginal seas Continents and islands comprise the remaining
More informationChapter Two. Figure 02_02. Geography of the Ocean Basins. The Sea Floor
Chapter Two The Sea Floor Geography of the Ocean Basins Figure 02_02 The world ocean is the predominant feature on the Earth in total area. In the Northern Hemisphere, 61% of the total area is ocean. In
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 An Introduction to Geology Earth, 10e - Chapter 1 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College 3 The Science of Geology Geology is the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth. Physical geology
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology, 10e Tarbuck & Lutgens An Introduction to Geology Earth, 10e - Chapter 1 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College 4 The Science of Geology Geology is the
More information24. Ocean Basins p
24. Ocean Basins p. 350-372 Background The majority of the planet is covered by ocean- about %. So the majority of the Earth s crust is. This crust is hidden from view beneath the water so it is not as
More informationThe History of the Earth
The History of the Earth We have talked about how the universe and sun formed, but what about the planets and moons? Review: Origin of the Universe The universe began about 13.7 billion years ago The Big
More informationThe Dynamic Crust 2) 4) Which diagram represents the most probable result of these forces? 1)
1. The diagrams below show cross sections of exposed bedrock. Which cross section shows the least evidence of crustal movement? 1) 3) 4. The diagram below represents a section of the Earth's bedrock. The
More information12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.
Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundary between two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth
More information1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. A geologist who compares nonsedimentary rock samples from locations A and B would probably find that the samples
More informationThe Ocean Floor Earth Science, 13e Chapter 13
The Ocean Floor Earth Science, 13e Chapter 13 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The vast world ocean Earth is often referred to as the blue planet Seventy-one percent of Earth s surface
More informationUnit 6: The Sea Floor
Unit 6: The Sea Floor Turn to Page 62 in Introduction to the World s Oceans Study the bathymetric chart What features do you see? How do the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans differ? What do you think accounts
More informationThe Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle
The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief
More informationEarth s Structure and Surface
Earth s Structure and Surface Structure of the Earth The earth is thought have originated about 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud or clouds of dust. The dust was the remains of a huge cosmic explosion
More informationA View of Earth. Luc Ikelle 2012
A View of Earth Luc Ikelle 2012 A View of Earth (Apollo 17) Dry lands (deserts) oceans Wetter climate Ocean and atmosphere Antarctica: Glacial ice Earth s spheres (1) The most dynamic portion of Earth
More informationEarth s Seafloors. Ocean Basins and Continental Margins. Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector - Instructor
Earth s Seafloors Ocean Basins and Continental Margins Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector - Instructor OCEAN BASINS and CONTINENTAL PLATFORMS Key Concepts I. Earth s rocky surface covered by of two types
More informationGEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS. Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015 THE SCIENCE OF GEOLOGY GEOLOGY is the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes
More information14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor
14.2 Ocean Floor Features Mapping the Ocean Floor The ocean floor regions are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor, and the mid-ocean ridge. 14.2 Ocean Floor Features Continental Margins A continental
More informationEarth Science Review Ch 1 & 2. Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science
Earth Science Review Ch 1 & 2 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science Lesson I - What is Earth Science Topic 1- Branches of Earth Science Earth Science - the study of Earth, its oceans, atmosphere, and
More informationDirected Reading. Section: The Water Planet. surface is called the a. Earth s ocean. b. Pacific Ocean. c. salt-water ocean. d. global ocean.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Water Planet 1. The body of salt water covering nearly three-quarters of the Earth s surface is called the a. Earth s ocean. b. Pacific Ocean. c. salt-water
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 2 THE EARTH Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationWHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE
UNIT 8 WHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH... 2 2 THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES.... 2 2.1 Internal forces:
More informationThe Ocean Floor Chapter 14. Essentials of Geology, 8e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College
The Ocean Floor Chapter 14 Essentials of Geology, 8e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College The vast world ocean Earth is often referred to as the water planet 71% of Earth s surface
More informationMARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY
MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY Bathymetry BATHYMETRY BATHYMETRY THE UNDERWATER EQUIVALENT TO TOPOGRAPHY THE STUDY OF WATER DEPTH A BATHYMETRIC MAP SHOWS FLOOR RELIEF OR TERRAIN AS CONTOUR LINES Bathymetry
More informationI. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow
I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow sea beds, floats! ii. Oceanic: er; dense rock such as
More informationYou should be able to identify a few of the key cultures, individuals and expeditions in the history of marine science:
Ocean History You should be able to identify a few of the key cultures, individuals and expeditions in the history of marine science: Phoenicians Arabs Micronesians Polynesians Aristotle Erikson Columbus
More informationPLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!!
PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!! Name the four layers of the earth - crust - mantle - outer core - inner core Which part of Earth s structure contains tectonic plates? LITHOSPHERE Name one reason why the
More informationQuestions and Topics
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence that Continents move? 3. What are the forces that
More informationFull file at
Essentials of Oceanography, 10e (Trujillo/Keller) Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. A)
More informationTest on Chapters 7-11 Monday, April 28, 2014 No Calculator Required
Test on Chapters 7-11 Monday, April 28, 2014 No Calculator Required Chapter Sections: Oceans: 7.1 7.2 7.4 Bathymetry: 8.3 Earth s Interior: 10.1 10.2 10.3 Plate Tectonics: 11.1 11.2 11.3 Study/Review:
More informationChapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Matching. Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. 1. hydrothermal vents A. convergent
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 What is Earth Science Earth science is the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space. Includes: Geology Oceanography Meteorology
More informationChapter 2 Geography. Getting to know Earth
Chapter 2 Geography Getting to know Earth Our Solar System Sun is at the center of our solar system Contains a lot of Mass» Mass gives the Sun gravitational pull» This keeps the planets in our solar system
More informationWhy does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes?
Why does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes? Turn to your neighbor and review: How and when did the Earth form? How old are the first traces of life on Earth? Logical? * 1.5Ga (1 st multicellular
More informationTerrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet
Terrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet In today s class, we want to look at those characteristics of the Earth that are also important in our understanding of the other terrestrial planets. This is
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 13 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 13 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationPlate Tectonics. Development of a Theory
CHAPTER 7 LESSON 2 Plate Tectonics Development of a Theory Key Concepts What is seafloor spreading? What evidence is used to support seafloor spreading? What do you think? Read the two statements below
More informationPHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 ND CANADIAN EDITION)
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Chapter Summary: Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests Earth's surface is divided into several large plates that change position and size. Intense geologic activity occurs
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Geology 300, Physical Geology Spring 2019 Quiz Chapter 18, Seafloor Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Abyssal fans are made
More informationOrigin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor
Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor Outline Mapping the Ocean Floor Continental Margins Origin of Oceanic Lithosphere Structure of Ocean Crust Mapping the ocean floor Depth originally measured by lowering
More information60% water. Big Bang: 14,000 millions years ago The Earth originated about 4,500 millions years ago its orbit allows water to exist in a liquid state!
Ch2. The Sea Floor #1 Why geology of the oceans? Marine habitats are directly shaped by geological processes The form of the coastlines The depth of the water Type of bottom (muddy, sandy, rocky) #2 Geological
More informationAny Questions? 99.9 % of mass is in the Sun; 99 % of angular momentum is in the planets. Planets in two groups:
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationOrigin of solar system. Origin of solar system. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Any Questions? Class 2 15 January 2004
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationLecture 26: Marine Geology Read: Chapter 21 Homework due December 3
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 26: Marine Geology Read: Chapter 21 Homework due December 3 What we ll learn today:! 1. Describe the world s five oceans! 2. Understand patterns of ocean circulation! 3.
More informationA) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)
More informationSmall area of the ocean that is partially surrounded by land. The Ocean Basins. Three Major Oceans. Three Major Oceans. What is a SEA?
The Ocean Basins How Deep is the Ocean? 1 2 Three Major Oceans Three Major Oceans Pacific Atlantic the shallowest ocean (3.3km average depth) Indian second shallowest ocean (3.8km average depth) Pacific
More informationPractice Questions: Plate Tectonics
Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which type of plate boundary is shown? A) divergent
More informationObjectives: Describe the structure of the ocean floor. Describe light intensity and temperature characteristics at different ocean depths.
Ocean Structure Virtual Lab What are some characteristics of the ocean and the ocean floor? Earths highest mountains, deepest valleys, and flattest plains are found not on land but under the ocean. Beyond
More informationDivergent Boundaries: Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor Earth - Chapter 13 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College
Divergent Boundaries: Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor Earth - Chapter 13 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Mapping the Ocean Floor Depth was originally measured by lowering weighted lines
More informationTopic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice
Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11
More informationNAME Lab TA. Introduction to Oceanography, EPSS15 Practice Lecture Exam #1, Fall 2017 Exam#
NAME Lab TA Introduction to Oceanography, EPSS15 Practice Lecture Eam #1, Fall 2017 Eam# 654321 Instructions 1. PRINT your name and lab TA s name on BOTH the cover sheet of this eam and on the SCANTRON
More informationThe Major Ocean Basins and Their Features
Where Submarines Lurk Recent satellite studies and deep-sea mapping programs have revealed in dramatic fashion that the ocean floor is not flat. Indeed, the terrain of the ocean floor surpasses that of
More informationBIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BASICS Biogeochemical Cycle: The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components, or reservoirs, of Earth s system (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere)
More informationIntroduction to Geology. Chapter 1 Intro to Geology: summary in haiku form Here's geology. It's the study of the Earth - complete entity.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction to Geology Chapter 1 Intro to Geology: summary in haiku form Here's geology. It's the study of the Earth - complete entity. Geology - the science that pursues an understanding
More informationIn 1990, 50% of the U.S. population lived within 75 km of a coast. By 2010, 75% of the U.S. population will live within 75 km of a coast.
In 1990, 50% of the U.S. population lived within 75 km of a coast. By 2010, 75% of the U.S. population will live within 75 km of a coast. High Tech Methods for Surveying the Deep Sea Floor Fig. 20.18 1
More informationLast Name First Name. OCEANOGRAPHY 201 Fall, 2013 Exam #1: Section #1
Last Name First Name Student ID# Signature I hereby authorize the use of the last 5 digits of my bar code number for the purpose of posting my grades in OCN 201. (Please sign above; your grades cannot
More informationBell Ringer. water cycle? gaseous water (water vapor)? How do you know? 1. What are the five components of the
Bell Ringer 1. What are the five components of the water cycle? 2. Are clouds composed of liquid water or gaseous water (water vapor)? How do you know? 3. How are glaciers formed? Salt Water - Oceans Characteristics
More informationImportant information from Chapter 1
Important information from Chapter 1 Distinguish between: Natural hazard // Disaster // Catastrophe What role does human population play in these categories? Know how to read a Hazard Map, such as Figure
More informationCrustal Boundaries. As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries they interact in various ways. Convergent Transform Divergent
Name: Date: Period: Plate Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonic plates are constantly moving and interacting As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries
More informationPlate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory
Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory What is Plate Tectonics? - 7 large tectonic plates and many smaller ones that break up the lithosphere - Plates are brittle and float on asthenosphere and glide past
More informationAstro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4
Astro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4 Chapter 8 1. Which of the following processes is not important in shaping the surface of terrestrial planets? a) Impact cratering b) Tectonism
More informationplate tectonics review #2
plate tectonics review #2 Score: 1. Solid due to high pressure mantle inner core outer core crust 2. why is oceanic crust younger than continental crust subduction reduction mountain building plasticity
More informationA Look at Our Solar System: The Sun, the planets and more. by Firdevs Duru
A Look at Our Solar System: The Sun, the planets and more by Firdevs Duru Week 1 An overview of our place in the universe An overview of our solar system History of the astronomy Physics of motion of the
More informationPlate Tectonics. Development of a Theory. Mapping the Ocean Floor
Plate Tectonics Development of a Theory Mapping the Ocean Floor Scientists began exploring the seafloor in greater detail during the late 1940s. They used a device called an echo sounder to measure the
More informationUnit 1: Earth as a System. Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle
Unit 1: Earth as a System Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle Earth s Realms Earth is divided into 4 major realms: Atmosphere gases surrounding earth Hydrosphere - earth s supply of water Lithosphere
More informationChapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics
Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways o Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves o Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves and paths
More informationThe Marine Environment
The Marine Environment SECTION 16.1 Shoreline Features In your textbook, read about erosional landforms, beaches, estuaries, longshore currents, and rip currents. For each statement below, write or. 1.
More informationDynamic Crust Practice
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More information6. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationChapter 8: The Dynamic Planet
Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet I. The Pace of Change A. The Geologic Time Scale II. Earth s Structure and Internal Energy A. The Earth s Core B. The Earth s Mantle C. The Earth s Crust III. The Geologic
More informationOCEANOGRAPHY MEASURING THE DEPTHS OF THE OCEANS
Water 2 page 1 OCEANOGRAPHY Name If all the water was drained from the ocean basins, what kind of surface would be revealed? It would not be the quiet, subdued topography as was once thought, but a surface
More informationOCN 201 Physiography of the Seafloor
OCN 201 Physiography of the Seafloor Hypsometric Curve for Earth s solid surface Note histogram Hypsometric curve of Earth shows two modes. Hypsometric curve of Venus shows only one! Why? Ocean Depth vs.
More informationThe Earth. Part II: Solar System. The Earth. 1a. Interior. A. Interior of Earth. A. The Interior. B. The Surface. C. Atmosphere
Part II: Solar System The Earth The Earth A. The Interior B. The Surface C. Atmosphere 2 Updated: July 14, 2007 A. Interior of Earth 1. Differentiated Structure 2. Seismography 3. Composition of layers
More informationPlate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test
Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived
More informationEarth, the Lively* Planet. * not counting the life on the planet!
Earth, the Lively* Planet * not counting the life on the planet! What We Will Learn Today What are planet Earth s features? What processes shape planetary surfaces? How does Earth s surface move? How did
More informationEarth Systems Science Chapter 7. Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 11/11/2010. Seismology: study of earthquakes and related phenomena
Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 I. Structure of the Earth II. Plate Tectonics The solid part of the earth system includes processes, just like the atmosphere and oceans. However, the time scales for processes
More informationEssential Question: How are the geological features that exist on land similar to the geological features on the ocean floor?
Essential Question: How are the geological features that exist on land similar to the geological features on the ocean floor? Geography of the Oceans The world ocean can be divided into four main ocean
More informationLab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009
Name: Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009 Objective: Students will be introduced to the theory of plate tectonics and different styles of plate margins and interactions. Introduction The planet can be
More informationReview participation point: The evidence for a fluid outer core is:
DDA1 Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics PS 100 Chapter 28 Review participation point: The evidence for a fluid outer core is: A. Average density of the earth is greater than the density of the crust.
More informationStandard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat and the evidence of Earth s internal structure.
Standard 2: Students will understand Earth s internal structure and the dynamic nature of the tectonic plates that form its surface. Standard 2, Objective 1: Evaluate the source of Earth s internal heat
More informationEES 1 Natural Disasters & Earth Resources Exam 1
EES 1 Natural Disasters & Earth Resources Exam 1 September 24, 2008 1 Instructions The exam comprises 30 multiple choice questions, 10 short answers and 2 figures. All questions must be answered. It covers
More information1 Earth s Oceans. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What are the five main oceans?
CHAPTER 13 1 Earth s Oceans SECTION Exploring the Oceans BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What affects the salinity of ocean water? What affects
More informationTEACHING PLATE TECTONICS FROM THE EVIDENCE. Stephen T. Allard Associate Professor of Geoscience Winona State University
TEACHING PLATE TECTONICS FROM THE EVIDENCE Stephen T. Allard Associate Professor of Geoscience Winona State University 1 TEACHING PLATE TECTONICS FROM THE EVIDENCE Stephen T. Allard Associate Professor
More information