8. The three points of difference between the systematic and the regional approaches to study geography are:

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1 Answer Key (Geo) Term I (class XI) (204-5). The exogenic processes derive their energy from the atmosphere determined by the ultimate energy from the Sun. 2. It is the process through which the gases were out poured from the interior of the earth is called degassing. 3. Erastosthenes 4. Because due to the movement of the plates toward each other the crust is destroyed as one plate dive under another and so it is called Subduction zone. 5. Mineral is a naturally occurring organic and inorganic substance, having a definite chemical and physical property. 6. The unassorted coarse and fine debris dropped by the melting glacier is called glacial till. 7. Glaciers. 8. The three points of difference between the systematic and the regional approaches to study geography are: Systematic approach. In Systematic geography a phenomenon is studied over as whole. 2. Geographical factors may be vegetation will be studied as whole at a world level Regional approach. In regional geography world is divided into regions. 2. Geographical regions may be natural or political and the phenomenon of a region will be studied. 3. It presents an integrated form of area. 3.It presents isolated form of area. ++=3 9. The three different types of Earth quakes are: a. Techtonic earth quakes. b. Volcanic earth quakes. c. Collapse earth quakes. d. Explosion earth quake. e. Reservoir induced earth quake. (Explain any three of them) ++=3 0. The facts that helped Hess to propose his hypothesis are: a. It was realized that all along the mid oceanic ridges volcanic eruptions are common and they bring huge amount of lava to the surface of this region.

2 b. The rocks equidistant on either sides of mid ocenic ridges show remarkable similarities in terms of period of formation, chemical compositions and magnetic properties. c. The ocean crust rocks are much younger than the continental rocks.the age of the rocks in the oceanic crust is nowhere more than 200 million years old and the rocks of the continental rocks are as old as 3200 million years. d. The sediments on the ocean floor are unexpectedly thin than the continental crust. (Any three points to be explained) ++=3. The three different types of rocks area. Igneous rocks. b. The sedimentary rock. c. Metamorphic rocks. Explanation on any one type of rocks. ½ + ½ =3 2. The bio diversity and soil formation both are dependent on weathering as weathering processes are responsible for breaking down of rocks into smaller fragments and preparing the way for formation of regolith and soils. Biomes and Bio diversity is basically depends on forest and forest depends on the depth of the weathering material. On the other hand weathering of rocks and deposits help in enrichment and concentration of certain materials like iron, manganese, aluminium, copper which enrich the soil and help in the soil formation. (3 ) 3. It is very common to see that surface runoff simply goes down through swallow and sinkhole and flow as underground streams and re-emerge at a distance downstream through a cave opening. When the sink holes and dolines join together because of slumping of materials along their margins or due to roof collapse of cave, a long narrow trench called Uvalas are formed. (3) 4. Ocean waves are oscillatory movements in water, manifested by an alternate rise and fall of the sea surface. The two important characteristics of waves are:- a. Wave crest and trough- The highest and the lowest points of a wave are called the crest and the trough respectively. b. Wave height- It is the vertical distance from the bottom of a trough to the top of a crest of a wave. c. Wave period- It is merely the time interval between two successive wave crests or troughs as they pass a fixed point. d. Wave speed- It is the rate at which the wave moves through the water, and is measured in knots. ++++=5 5. The earth is a play field of two opposing geomorphic processes. The earth is dynamic and ever changing. All these changes take place under the influence of certain forces working

3 continuously within the earth as well as over the surface of the earth. The forces working on the surface of the earth is known as external or exogenic forces while those working within the earth are called internal or endogenic forces. The exogenic forces cause wearing down degradation of relief of elevations and filling up or aggradations of basin or depression on the earth surface. The phenomenon of wearing down by the exogenic forces is called degradation. The variation on the earth is brought by endogenic forces working inside the earth The earth was initially a barren, rocky object with a thin layer of atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. b. development of the lithosphere- The primordial earth was mostly in volatile form. Its density gradually increased and increased the temperature inside. And the material started getting separated depending on their densities. This allowed the heavier particles to sink at the centre of the earth and the lighter ones to the surface of the earth. With the passage of time it cooled and solidified and gradually took the formation of the crust. c.. Evolution of the atmosphere- There are three stages in the evolution the atmosphere: st stage loss of primordial atmosphere. 2 nd stage- The hot interiuor of the earth contributed to the evolution of the atmosphere. 3 rd stage- the composition of the atmosphere was modified by living world. a. The continuous volcanic eruption contributed water vapour and gases to the atmosphere.as the earth cooled the water vapour released started getting condensed and. The co2 in the atmosphere got dissolved in the rain water and rain water got collected in the depression to form oceans. b. The last stage of evolution of the earth was the evolution of life. (Explanation on each points.) ++++=5 7. The earth quake waves are recorded by seismograph. a. The Body wave: Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Hence, the name body wave. The body wave interacts with the surface rocks generate new set of waves called surface wave. These waves move along the surface. There are two types of body wave: they are called P wave And S wave. P wave move faster and first to arrive on the surface. These are called primary wave. They travel through gaseous, liquid, and solid material. S wave arrives at the surface with some time lag. These are called surface wave.. They only travel through solid materials. b. Surface wave These waves are last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks and hence collapse of structure occurs =5 8. Alfred Wegener put forth the theory of the continental drift theory. The evidence in support of this theory: a. The matching of the continents. b. Rocks of same age across the ocean

4 c. Tilite d. Placer deposits e. Distribution of fossils (Explanation on one each points) ++++=5 9.. Explanation on development of these land forms: a. Valleys. b. Gorge and canyons. c. Potholes and Plunge pool. d. Incised meanders. e. River terraces. f. ( Explanation on each one of them) ++++ = Explanation on the following a. Continental shelf. b. Continental slope. c. Deep sea plain d. Oceanic trenches. e. Mid Oceanic Ridges. 2 (i) a. Brazilian current ( Warm current) b. Gulf Stream. c. Kurishio current warm current. d. Labrador current. e. Peruvian current. (ii) (a) Asia (b) North America (c) Africa (d) Pacific Ocean (e) Indian Ocean

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