ESS Mrs. Burkey FIRST SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE H/K

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1 Name: Period: ESS Mrs. Burkey FIRST SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE H/K Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper and staple it to the back once you are done. If you still have the complete study guides or Test Reviews (stamped) you can staple them it as well to skip a unit. Turn to Ms. Hopson once complete. This will be a Daily grade for those who aren t exempting. LAB SAFETY 1. Who are responsible for careful and safe practices in the Lab? 2. Who should you report all safety concerns to? 3. When is horseplay acceptable in the lab? 4. What are the safety rules for your attire? 5. What are the safety rules for glassware? 6. What are the safety rules for heating substances? 7. When diluting acids, always pour into. 8. What is the most important rule we must follow? 9. What should we do at the end of the lab? COSMOLOGY 10. What is Cosmology? 11. What is the Universe? 12. What is a light-year? 13. What is a galaxy? 14. What is a solar system? 15. What is the name of our solar system? 16. How wide is our solar system? 17. What is gravity? 18. What is gravity directly proportional to? 19. What is the Sun? 20. What are the Terrestrial planets? 21. What are the Jovian planets? 22. What are asteroids? 23. What are comets? 24. What are meteors? 25. Which is smaller (asteroids, comets, or meteors)? 26. What is a dwarf planet? 27. What and where is the Kuiper Belt? 28. What is an orbit? 29. What is an axis? BIG BANG THEORY 30. What is the Doppler Effect?

2 31. What do sound waves do when they move towards us? 32. What do sound waves do when they move away from us? 33. What is an example of the Doppler Effect? 34. Draw a wave that is being compressed. 35. Draw a wave that is being stretched out. 36. Which wavelength is longer? (RED or BLUE) 37. What is Red Shifting? 38. What is Blue Shifting? 39. When an orange star appears more yellow, what type of shift is it? 40. When a blue star appears greener, what type of shift is it? 41. What are most of the stars we can see doing? (RED or BLUE shifting) 42. What can we conclude from the answer in #43? 43. Are we the center of the Universe? 44. What analogy did I use to explain the answer to #45? 45. Radial velocity that is negative tells us the star is what? 46. What is the Big Bang Theory? 47. What are the four evidences for this theory? 48. How old is the Universe thought to be? 49. How big was the Universe at first? 50. What were the first objects formed after the universe stared to cool? 51. What were the first 2 elements that our Universe had? 52. What is Dark Matter and how do we know it s there? STAR FORMATION 53. What is nebula Latin for? 54. What makes up these nebulas? 55. What is nuclear fusion? 56. What is the reactant in the nuclear fusion formula? 57. What are the two products in the nuclear fusion formula? 58. What are the 4 characteristics that distinguish stars? 59. What is the one factor that these 4 depend entirely on? 60. What will object do once they get heated to a certain temperature? 61. What is Luminosity? 62. How much longer does our Sun have before it won t be a star anymore? 63. What are the 7 Spectral classes of stars? 64. How are these classes determined? 65. How hot is our Sun? 66. What does the H & D stand for in the H-R Diagram? 67. What does this diagram plot? 68. Where are 90% of the stars found? 69. What are the other three groups called?

3 70. What is the percent of stars that are not single star systems like ours? 71. What is a binary star system? 72. What is our Sun going to do gradually become at the end of its lifetime? 73. What is a Supernova? 74. What will happen to our Solar System after a Supernova? SOLAR SYSTEM FORMATION 75. What is a solar nebula? 76. What is compression? 77. What does compression increase? 78. What is accretion? 79. What is the difference between accretion and coalescence? 80. What is the Solar Nebular Theory? 81. What is gas expulsion? 82. What is a planetesimal? 83. What is a protoplanets? 84. Which is bigger a planetesimal or a protoplanet? 85. What is radioactive decay? 86. What is in the interior of the planets? 87. What was the first thing to form in our solar system? 88. Where did the denser planets settle? 89. Where did the less dense planets settle? 90. What is tidal-locking? 91. What is waxing? 92. What is waning? 93. What is the whiter areas of the Moon called? 94. What is the darker areas of the Moon called? 95. How much does the distance between the Earth and Moon change per year? 96. What are the four theories for the origin of the Moon? (list all 4) Which one is the most accepted? 97. What is the daughter theory? 98. What is the sister theory? 99. What is the capture theory? 100. What is the giant impact theory? OUR SOLAR SYSTEM 101. What is radiation? 102. What is convection? 103. What is conduction? 104. What are the 7 parts of the Sun? 105. What is the Photosphere? 106. What is a sun spot? 107. What is a corona?

4 108. What is a solar flare? 109. What is an aurora? 110. List the Terrestrial Planets List the Jovian Planets How do the planets orbit around the Sun? 113. Why are our planets so different? 114. Which planet has the least density? 115. Which planet has about the same density as the Earth? 116. What is Mercury made out of? 117. What is in Mercury s atmosphere? 118. What are clouds on Venus made of? 119. What is in Venus s atmosphere? 120. What is the one thing that Earth has on its surface that none of the other planets have? 121. What is Mar s atmosphere made out of? 122. The valleys and canyons on Mars suggest what? 123. Why Jupiter isn t considered a star? 124. What is the Great Spot? 125. What are the facts about Saturn? 126. What makes up Saturn s rings? 127. What is different about Uranus orbit? 128. Uranus is the planet What makes Neptune blue? 130. What is different about Neptune s rings? 131. Pluto is considered a planet What in our solar system is bigger than Pluto? 133. Which planet does Pluto sometimes orbit within? 134. How many planets have rings? 135. What are the 3 important moons we talked about and where are they found. EARTH S INTERIOR 136. Name the Four layers of the Earth s interior? 137. Which layer is the thinnest layer? 138. What are the two types of crusts? 139. How thick is the crust under the oceans (in miles and km)? 140. How thick is the crust under the continents (in miles and km)? 141. What is the continental crust made out of? 142. What is the oceanic crust made out of? 143. Which layer is the largest? 144. Which layer(s) have movement? 145. Which layer is made out of melted nickel and iron? 146. What is the lithosphere?

5 147. What is the asthenosphere? 148. What are the Lithospheric Plates? 149. What are convection currents? 150. What are seismic waves? 151. What is a p-wave? 152. What is a s-wave? 153. What is the Magnetosphere? 154. What is the Dynamo Theory? 155. What are the Van Allen Belts? 156. Where can charged particles escape? 157. What is the difference between the outer and inner belt? 158. What happens when the charged particles collide with air molecules? PLATE TECTONICS 159. Who thought the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle? 160. What did he call the land mass? 161. Describe the Continental Drift theory What four evidences support the theory? 163. Which one of the four evidences is the most important? 164. What is seafloor spreading? Who came up with it? 165. What happens at a divergence Boundary? 166. What is formed from two oceanic plates diverge? 167. What is the most well-known oceanic divergence example? 168. What is formed from two continental plates diverge? 169. How does the age of the rocks closer to the mid-ocean ridge compare to rocks that are further away? 170. What happens at a convergence boundary? 171. What is a subduction zone? 172. What is the factor that determines the type of convergence that forms when two plates collide? 173. What are formed from two oceanic plates converging? 174. What are formed from oceanic and continental plates converging? 175. How do volcanos form? 176. What forms from two continental plates converging? 177. What happens at a transform boundary? 178. Where is the most well-known fault / transform boundary in the US? 179. The formations of one type of often result in the formation of another Name the 7 major plates. NATURAL DISASTERS 181. What is a natural disaster? 182. What is a hurricane? 183. What is a typhoon? 184. What is a tornado?

6 185. What is the difference between magma and lava? 186. What is a flood? 187. Where do earthquakes take place? 188. What do earthquakes create? 189. What are tsunamis? 190. What escapes from the middle mantle during volcanoes? 191. What should you do during an earthquake? 192. Where should you move during a tsunami? 193. What do you need goggles and masks for during a volcano event? 194. What shouldn t you do during a tornado? 195. What are the two things that are dangerous about tropical cyclones? 196. What safety precautions should you take during flooding events? 197. What are the dangers of winter storms? 198. Where should you be in a winter storm? 199. Which one is the most deadliest natural disaster? 200. Which major event happen in 1931 that killed 3.7 million? ROCK CYCLE 201. What are minerals? 202. What are two examples or minerals? 203. What isn t a mineral but some think it is because of the crystals that are present? 204. What is a Rock? 205. What are the 3 types of rocks? 206. How do we identify rocks? 207. What is Igneous Latin for? 208. What are the general characteristics of Igneous rocks? 209. How are Igneous rocks formed? 210. Name the examples of Igneous rocks? 211. What is Metamorphic Latin for? 212. What are the general characteristics of Metamorphic rocks? 213. How are Metamorphic rocks formed? 214. Name the examples of Metamorphic rocks? 215. What is Sedimentary Latin for? 216. What are the general characteristics of Sedimentary rocks? 217. How are Sedimentary rocks formed? 218. Name the examples of Sedimentary rocks? 219. What is a Sedimentary Basin? 220. T/F Rocks always stay the same composition and type of rock its entire life Draw the Rock Cycle flow chart What type of igneous rock has bubbles, glassy texture, and with a large amount of quartz in it?

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