A Presentation By: Dr. G. M. Dar Centre for Disaster Management & Env. Studies, J&K IMPA, Srinagar
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1 A Presentation By: Dr. G. M. Dar Centre for Disaster Management & Env. Studies, J&K IMPA, Srinagar
2 Introduction Disaster: Sudden or great misfortune. A catastrophe, a calamitous event. Hazards are a natural phenomenon. Hazards occurring in a vulnerable area turn into Disasters. An event either natural or human- induced, sudden or progressive, the impact of which is such that the affected community must respond through exceptional measures. (UNO Definition).
3 Disaster Management Act 2005 Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or a grave occurrence in any area arising out of natural or man made causes,, or by accident or negligence, which results in substantial loss of life and human suffering or damage to, or destruction of,or degradation of environment, and is of such a nature, or magnitude as to be beyond, the coping capacity of the affected community of the affected area.
4 Disaster Management: An applied science which seeks to improve measures related to prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery to reduce the damages to both life and property due to various disasters.
5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE PRE-DISASTER DURING DISASTER POST- DISASTER
6 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Disaster preparedness aims at minimizing the adverse effects of a hazard - Through effective precautionary actions Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient organisation and delivery of emergency response following the impact of a disaster.
7 Relationship betw een Disasters and Deve lopment Positive Realm Disaster Realm Disasters can provide Development opportunities Development can reduce vulnerability Development Realm Disasters can set back Development Development can increase vulnerability Negative Realm
8 IDNDR Human Lives lost = People affected = million Damages = 741 Billion US $ (World Disaster Report 2000) In India human lives lost due to natural Disasters between was But the Bhuj Earthquake of 26th January 2001 alone killed people and thousands of others were injured.
9 Disaster Types; As per HPC 1999 Sub-group I: Water and climate related hazards. Floods and drainage management, Droughts. Cyclones. Tornadoes, Hurricanes. Hailstorm., Cloudburst. Snow Avalanches. Heat & cold waves. Sea erosion. Thunder and lightening.
10 Sub-Group 2: Geologically related hazards. Earthquakes. Tsunamis. Landslides. Mudflows. Sea erosion. Dam bursts & Dam Failures. Mine fires. Sub-Group 3: Chemical. Industrial and Nuclear disasters
11 Sub-Group 4: Accident related hazards. Rail, road and other Transportation accidents including waterways. Boat capsizing. Mine flooding. Major building collapse. Serial bomb blasts. Festival related disasters. Electrical disasters & fires. Forest fires. Urban fires. Mine flooding oil spill and village fires.
12 Sub-Group 5: 5 disasters. Biologically related Biological Disasters. Epidemics. Cattle epidemics. Pest attacks and food poisoning.
13 INDIA- Proneness to Disasters Earthquakes 57% Droughts - 28% Floods - 12% Cyclones - 8%
14 1819 Kutch (Magnitude 8.0) 1833 Bihar Assam Kangra HP 1934 Bihar Nepal Assam Koyna Lattur-Killari Jabalpur Bhuj 7.2
15 Jammu & Kashmir : Disaster Scenario Earthquakes: Whole state falls in seismic zone IV with most parts of Kashmir Valley falling in seismic zone V. Floods: hectares prone to floods out of which hectares is protectable
16
17 windstorms in Ladakh Landslides & Avalanches in Hilly areas and along the National Highways Cloud burst Forest Fires, Droughts Now a recurring feature Pest attacks on Agriculture & Horticulture Man made Disasters- The most challenging one in J&K. Road accidents- now emerging as a serious problem.
18 Administrative Response Relief and rehabilitation; Some compensation-cash cash or kind some subsidies etc. Reactive Approach. Relief after the Damage Assessments being made by the concerned Departmental Functionaries. Importance to some structural measures at the time of a particular Disaster /event No emphasis on proactive Approach or a mix of structural and non structural measures.
19 PRIORITIES Preparedness: at all levels. Vulnerability Assessment. Zoning & Land Management Policy. Adherence to Building codes and a techno- legal regime. Disaster Management Act (Now in place) District and ward-wise wise Disaster Management Plans.
20 Training: All relevant Departmental Functionaries e.g. Revenue, Police, Fire & ES, Health etc. All Members of Civil Defence Home Guards etc. All Volunteers of Red Cross. All first Aiders. All members of NGOs working in the area. Community members.
21 Public Awareness-through mass media. Judicious mix of structural and non- structural measures. Adoption of Appropriate Technology.
22
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