Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life"

Transcription

1 Bio94 Discussion Activity week 3: Chapter 27 Phylogenies and the History of Life 1. Constructing a phylogenetic tree using a cladistic approach Construct a phylogenetic tree using the following table: Outgroup: Species A: Species B: Species C: Species D: Species E: Trait Lobe-finned fish Frog Kangaroo Mouse Turtle Human Dorsal Nerve Cord Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Legs No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Nature of egg Hard shell prevents drying Nature of development In egg In egg Marsupial Placental In egg Placental Hair No No Yes Yes No Reduced Presence of pouch* Bidpedal posture No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes * A pouch is a saclike structure, such as the external abdominal pocket in which marsupials carry their young. Phylogenetic tree: Outgroup A (frog) D (turtle) B (kangaroo) C (mouse) E (human)

2 Indicate in the tree one branch, one node and one tip. What do they represent? Node (most recent common ancestor) Branch (population) Tip (group of living organisms) Place an X anywhere there is a synapomorphy. Trait Outgroup: Species A: Species B: Species C: Species D: Species E: Lobe-finned fish Frog Kangaroo Mouse Turtle Human Dorsal Nerve Cord Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Legs No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Nature of egg Hard shell prevents drying Nature of development In egg In egg Marsupial Placental In egg Placental Hair No No Yes Yes No Reduced Presence of pouch* Bidpedal posture No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Outgroup A (frog) Dorsal nerve cord Legs D (turtle) B (kangaroo) Hair Placenta C (mouse) E (human)

3 Circle a monophyletic group. What is/are the shared derived character(s) present in your monophyletic group. There are 5 possible monophyletic groups. Outgroup A (frog) D (turtle) B (kangaroo) C (mouse) E (human) Match the following organisms with the species A to E: turtle, mouse, human, frog and kangaroo. Do you need help? A trait (character) can have different states. For example, for the trait hair, the possible states may be present (yes) and absent (no). To construct a phylogenetic tree, first determine which traits are ancestral and which are derived. This is usually done by comparison with a more distantly related organism termed the outgroup. It is hypothesized that traits shared with the outgroup are likely to be ancients ; traits that differ from the outgroup are likely to be derived. Second, group taxa by shared derived character states (synapomorphies). 2. Adaptive radiation Case 1: Find the correct chorological order of the following events. C. A population arrives to an island. B. The original colonizing group encountered new and novel types of resources. E. With few competitors, the descendants of the colonizing group are able to grow in a wide range of habitats. A. Over time, some organisms become specialized to grow in certain habitats and diverge. D. There is a rapid speciation triggered by ecological opportunity.

4 Case 2: B. A lineage evolves a key morphological trait. A. With this new morphological trait the descendants can exploit new sources of food. D. The fitnesses of the derived organisms increase in their corresponding environment. C. There is a rapid speciation triggered by morphological innovation.

5 3. Life s time line Eons Eras Periods Important dates Phanerozoic Eon Proterozoic Eon Cenozoic Era Mesozoic Era Paleozoic Era Neogene Paleogene Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Major events - Angiosperms/mammals - Extinction that killed 60 to 80% of species. END-CRETACEOUS EXTINCTION - Gymnosperms/dinosaurs - Extinction that killed over 90% of species. END-PERMIAN EXTINCTION - Appearance and diversification of animals, land plants and appearance of land organisms. - Appearance of every major group of animals (adaptive radiation). CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION Oxygen levels gradually increase. Geological events - Pangea breaks apart - Supercontinent Laurentia to the north and Gondwana to the south Precambria n Archaean Eon Hadean Eon 3.5 billion years ago Origin of life. First oceans. 4.6 billion years ago Earth started to form.

6 Arrange the following information in the table: Appearance and diversification of animals, land plants and appearance of land organisms. 3.5 billion years ago. Extinction that killed 60 to 80% percent of existing species and was caused by an asteroid impact (extinction of the dinosaurs). Supercontinent Pangea breaks apart. Origin of life. 4.6 billon years ago. Oxygen levels gradually increase. Angiosperms were the most important plants and mammals were the most important vertebrates. Earth started to form. Extinction that killed over 90% of existing species. Supercontinent of Laurentia to the north and Gondwana to the south. First oceans. Gymnosperms were the most important plants and dinosaurs were the most important vertebrates. Appearance of every major group of animals (adaptive radiation).

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology

Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology Bio 2 Plant and Animal Biology Evolution Evolution as the explanation for life s unity and diversity Darwinian Revolution Two main Points Descent with Modification Natural Selection Biological Species

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about

More information

Use Target Reading Skills

Use Target Reading Skills The Geologic Time Scale (pp. 286 297) This section tells why the geologic time scale is used to show Earth s history, and what the organisms were like and the major events that happened in the different

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes

More information

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) 1 DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE 2 Imagine putting everything that has happened on Earth into a one hour time frame! 3 12:00am

More information

The Phanerozoic Eon. 542 mya Present. Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras

The Phanerozoic Eon. 542 mya Present. Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras 542 mya Present The Phanerozoic Eon Divided into 3 Eras The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras The ends of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras were marked by mass extinctions The Cenozoic Era is still

More information

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes. Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological

More information

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26 Origins of Life The Tree of Life Cell is the basic unit of life Today all cells come from pre-existing cells Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago (BYA) Chapter 26 As it cooled, chemically-rich oceans were

More information

What is the Earth s time scale?

What is the Earth s time scale? Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.

More information

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?

More information

Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6

Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 Eras of Earth's History Lesson 6 May 24 8:42 PM What happened in the Paleozoic Era? What happened in the Mesozoic Era? What happened in the Cenozoic Era? May 24 8:55 PM 1 I. What happened in the Paleozoic

More information

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to

More information

Patterns of evolution

Patterns of evolution To branch or not to branch Patterns of evolution Chapter 3 Cladogenesis lineages branch into two or more lines Anagenesis evolutionary change in a lineage without branching Anagenesis and Cladogenesis

More information

UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME

UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME Name: Date: Period: UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME The earth is 4.6 billion years old. That s a long time! The scale of geologic time is so different from what human beings experience that it s often quite

More information

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME.

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era 1. Where is the geologic history of Earth recorded? 2. What kind of information can scientists get from the types of rock

More information

Evolution and diversity of organisms

Evolution and diversity of organisms Evolution and diversity of organisms Competency Levels - 7 3.1.1 Uses the theories of origin of life and natural selection to analyze the process of evolution of life 3.2.1 Constructs hierarchy of taxa

More information

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17 Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used

More information

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Geologic Time Scale Describing and dividing major events of Earth s history Like a timeline of your life! Birth Like a timeline of your life! Like a timeline of

More information

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What

More information

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture? CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed

More information

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary

More information

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Focus on understanding what information is given. Review any additional information given (descriptive paragraphs, headings, scale

More information

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds

More information

Beaming in your answers

Beaming in your answers Bio 112 Handout for Evolution 8 This handout contains: Today s iclicker Questions Handouts for today s lecture iclicker Question #5A - before lecture Consider the hypothetical creatures on the last page

More information

Name. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014

Name. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014 Name 1 Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 2245/2245W Exam 2 1 March 2014 1. Use the following matrix of nucleotide sequence data and the corresponding tree to answer questions a. through h. below. (16 points)

More information

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT

More information

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck)

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The fossil record indicates the evolutionary history of life. Many events together, including: continental drift, changes in

More information

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale CHAPTER 8 2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale SECTION The History of Life on Earth BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What kinds of organisms evolved

More information

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin

More information

Classification. copyright cmassengale

Classification. copyright cmassengale Classification 1 Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified 2 What is

More information

Biology 211 (2) Week 1 KEY!

Biology 211 (2) Week 1 KEY! Biology 211 (2) Week 1 KEY Chapter 1 KEY FIGURES: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 VOCABULARY: Adaptation: a trait that increases the fitness Cells: a developed, system bound with a thin outer layer made of

More information

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history

More information

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted

More information

Page 143: Geologic Time

Page 143: Geologic Time Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian

More information

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Based on the idea that organisms are related by evolution

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Based on the idea that organisms are related by evolution Bio 1M: Phylogeny and the history of life 1 Phylogeny S25.1; Bioskill 11 (2ndEd S27.1; Bioskills 3) Bioskills are in the back of your book Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time

More information

Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time. What is geologic time?

Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time. What is geologic time? Earth Science Ch. 14 Geologic Time What is geologic time? The division of Earth s history into time units back to 4.6 b.y.a. Usually based on the life-forms that lived during certain periods May be based

More information

Spring th Grade

Spring th Grade Spring 2015 8 th Grade The geologic time scale is a record of the major events and diversity of life forms present in Earth s history. The geologic time scale began when Earth was formed and goes on until

More information

PTYS 214 Spring Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today!

PTYS 214 Spring Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today! PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today! 1 Previously Radiometric Dating Compare parent / daughter to determine # of half lives 14C, 40K, 238U, 232Th, 87Ru Evidence for Early

More information

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name:

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: S.W.B.A.T Explain how time can be divided into units Relate changes of Earth s to divisions on the geologic time scale Describe how plate tectonics affects Geologic

More information

Earth s Evolution Through Time

Earth s Evolution Through Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth s Evolution Through Time Earth 9 th edition Chapter 22 Earth s evolution: summary in haiku form Super-continents have come and gone many times: giant bumper cars.

More information

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale Agenda or Summary Layout The Geological Time-Scale 1 2 3 The Geological Time-Scale The Beginning of Life Cambrian Explosion The Geological Time-Scale

More information

Geologic time. 8 th Grade

Geologic time. 8 th Grade + Geologic time 8 th Grade + Trilobites n Trilobites are small, hard-shelled animals that lived in ancient seas. Trilobites are considered to be index fossils. n Index fossils lived over vast regions of

More information

Clues to the Past. Grades 6-8 Educational Program Guide

Clues to the Past. Grades 6-8 Educational Program Guide Clues to the Past Grades 6-8 Educational Program Guide OAS Science Practices: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 Program Overview The Clues to the Past program will introduce students to several 300 million years old

More information

*m.y.a. stands for millions of years ago

*m.y.a. stands for millions of years ago 1 Earth, and the other planets are the result of stellar material that was ejected from the sun/star as it spun into its spherical shape and condensed hence all the planets are roughly spherical and have

More information

Earth s s Geologic History

Earth s s Geologic History The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire

More information

The Fossil Record. The Geological Time Scale Dating Techniques The Fossil Record Early Primate Ancestors. modern human. chimpanzee

The Fossil Record. The Geological Time Scale Dating Techniques The Fossil Record Early Primate Ancestors. modern human. chimpanzee The Fossil Record The Geological Time Scale Dating Techniques The Fossil Record Early Primate Ancestors modern human chimpanzee Our goal is to trace our lineage back in time unbroken chain of ancestors

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

Fossils: evidence of past life

Fossils: evidence of past life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed and

More information

Chapter: Geologic Time

Chapter: Geologic Time Table of Contents Chapter: Geologic Time Section 1: Life and Geologic Time Section 2: Early Earth History Section 3: Middle and Recent Earth History 1 Geologic Time Trilobites are small, hardshelled organisms

More information

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013 Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation

More information

The Eras of the Earth In this lesson, we will study the changes that have taken place on the earth since it was formed 4.5 billion years ago. There have been big changes in the temperature of the land,

More information

History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth Lesson 4 The History of Life on Earth ESSENTIAL QUESTION How has life on Earth changed over time? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the evolution of life on Earth over time, using

More information

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally Geologic Time Rock cycle diagram Leaves of History Chapter 21 Lateral Continuity Principle of Original Horizontality Sediment is deposited horizontally Principle of Superposition Oldest rock A Younger

More information

8/23/2014. Introduction to Animal Diversity

8/23/2014. Introduction to Animal Diversity Introduction to Animal Diversity Chapter 32 Objectives List the characteristics that combine to define animals Summarize key events of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras Distinguish between the

More information

Geologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils?

Geologic Time. What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Name Geologic Time What have scientists learned about Earth s past by studying rocks and fossils? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about geologic time Record your

More information

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity CHAPTER 14: The History of Life PAST NOW FUTURE? What is this? Earth s Early history Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was formed when many pieces of

More information

Please take out your fill-in notes again, and we will continue learning about extinct creatures.

Please take out your fill-in notes again, and we will continue learning about extinct creatures. Today s Topic Evolution: Extinction Learning Goal: SWBAT explain why creatures go extinct from Earth, and why some recently-extinct creatures have gone extinct. Please take out your fill-in notes again,

More information

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chemical conditions of the early Earth A model for the first cells First life Life changes the planet: oxygenating Earth s oceans and atmosphere

More information

Remains or traces of prehistoric life

Remains or traces of prehistoric life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated p mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed

More information

Outline. Origin and History of Life

Outline. Origin and History of Life Origin and History of Life Chapter 19 Primitive Earth Origin of First Cells Fossils The Precambrian The Paleozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Continental Drift Mass Extinctions Outline 1 2 The Primitive

More information

UoN, CAS, DBSC BIOL102 lecture notes by: Dr. Mustafa A. Mansi. The Phylogenetic Systematics (Phylogeny and Systematics)

UoN, CAS, DBSC BIOL102 lecture notes by: Dr. Mustafa A. Mansi. The Phylogenetic Systematics (Phylogeny and Systematics) - Phylogeny? - Systematics? The Phylogenetic Systematics (Phylogeny and Systematics) - Phylogenetic systematics? Connection between phylogeny and classification. - Phylogenetic systematics informs the

More information

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes. Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

More information

Tracing Evolutionary History (Outline)

Tracing Evolutionary History (Outline) Tracing Evolutionary History (Outline) Four stages leading to emergence of living cells Geophysical conditions impact on biodiversity: - continental drift and volcanism, earthquakes and meteorites Living

More information

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between

More information

PHYLOGENY WHAT IS EVOLUTION? 1/22/2018. Change must occur in a population via allele

PHYLOGENY WHAT IS EVOLUTION? 1/22/2018. Change must occur in a population via allele PHYLOGENY EXERCISE 1 AND 2 WHAT IS EVOLUTION? The theory that all living organisms on earth are related and have a common ancestor. These organism have changed over time and are continuing to change. Changes

More information

The Environment and Change Over Time

The Environment and Change Over Time The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if

More information

Section 13.2 DID YOU KNOW? methanogens species of archaebacteria that produce methane as a waste product

Section 13.2 DID YOU KNOW? methanogens species of archaebacteria that produce methane as a waste product Multicellular Organisms and the Cambrian Explosion For the first 3 billion years of life on Earth, all organisms were unicellular. Eubacteria gave rise to aerobic and photosynthetic lineages, while archaebacteria

More information

Name: Class: Date: 7. The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor.

Name: Class: Date: 7. The prebiotic soup hypothesis proposes that organic molecules formed from cracks in the ocean floor. Match the period with the corresponding biological events. a. Cambrian 542mya b. Carboniferous 359 mya c. Devonian 488 mya d. Jurassic 200mya e. Quaternary 2.6 mya 1. Gymnosperms common, large dinosaurs

More information

A brief history of the Earth!

A brief history of the Earth! A brief history of the Earth! The Geologic Time Scale Age of the Earth Hadean Eon Hadean Eon (4.57-3.85 Gyrs) Hell on Earth: 4.527 Gyrs formation of Moon 4.5 Gyrs - magma ocean, differentiation of core,

More information

AP Biology. Cladistics

AP Biology. Cladistics Cladistics Kingdom Summary Review slide Review slide Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Eukaryote Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals New 3 Domain system reflects a greater understanding of evolution

More information

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of

More information

Patterns of Evolution: A. Mass Extinctions. B. Adaptive Radiation C. Convergent Evolution D. Coevolution. E. Gradualism F. Punctuated Equilibrium

Patterns of Evolution: A. Mass Extinctions. B. Adaptive Radiation C. Convergent Evolution D. Coevolution. E. Gradualism F. Punctuated Equilibrium : A. Mass Extinctions B. Adaptive Radiation C. Convergent Evolution D. Coevolution E. Gradualism F. Punctuated Equilibrium 1 A. Mass Extinctions: Over the past 540 million years, life on Earth has passed

More information

Phylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26

Phylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26 Phylogeny Chapter 26 Taxonomy Taxonomy: ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature,

More information

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

The Evolution of Biological Diversity. All living organisms are descended from an ancestor that arose between 3 and 4 billion years ago.

The Evolution of Biological Diversity. All living organisms are descended from an ancestor that arose between 3 and 4 billion years ago. The Evolution of Biological Diversity All living organisms are descended from an ancestor that arose between 3 and 4 billion years ago. The diversity of life on earth currently includes some 5 to 50 million

More information

Cycles in the Phanerozoic

Cycles in the Phanerozoic Cycles in the Phanerozoic Evolutionary trends: extinctions, adaptive radiations, diversity over time Glaciations Sea level change Ocean chemistry Atmospheric CO 2 biosphere Mass extinctions in the..you

More information

Chapter 14 The History of Life

Chapter 14 The History of Life Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled

More information

1 The origin of life (pp )

1 The origin of life (pp ) ST chapter only Checkup Chapter 10 1 The origin of life (pp. 300 305) 1. Earth took millions of years to form. a) Where did the matter that formed our planet come from? From a cloud of gas and dust that

More information

Geological Time How old is the Earth

Geological Time How old is the Earth Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years

More information

Ch. 7 Evolution and the fossil record

Ch. 7 Evolution and the fossil record Ch. 7 Evolution and the fossil record Evolution (popular definition) = descent with modification Evolution (technical definition) = change in gene frequencies or gene combinations in a series of populations,

More information

Classification and Phylogeny

Classification and Phylogeny Classification and Phylogeny The diversity of life is great. To communicate about it, there must be a scheme for organization. There are many species that would be difficult to organize without a scheme

More information

Geologic Time on a Strip of Paper

Geologic Time on a Strip of Paper Geologic Time on a Strip of Paper Introduction The Earth is 4,600,000,000 years old. That s 4.6 billion years! But what does this mean? This activity is designed to help you get a feel for the age of the

More information

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Name Date Class A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Fossils Guide for Reading How do fossils form? What are the different kinds of fossils? What does the fossil record tell about organisms and

More information

The Origin of Life. Lab Exercise 18. Contents. Introduction. Objectives

The Origin of Life. Lab Exercise 18. Contents. Introduction. Objectives Lab Exercise The Origin of Life Contents Objectives 1 Introduction 1 Activity.1 Geologic Time 2 Activity.2 Time Periods 2 Resutls Section 6 Introduction The history of the earth is recorded in the rocks

More information

Chapters 25 and 26. Searching for Homology. Phylogeny

Chapters 25 and 26. Searching for Homology. Phylogeny Chapters 25 and 26 The Origin of Life as we know it. Phylogeny traces evolutionary history of taxa Systematics- analyzes relationships (modern and past) of organisms Figure 25.1 A gallery of fossils The

More information

Classification and Phylogeny

Classification and Phylogeny Classification and Phylogeny The diversity it of life is great. To communicate about it, there must be a scheme for organization. There are many species that would be difficult to organize without a scheme

More information

Lessons from the Anthropocene

Lessons from the Anthropocene Lessons from the Anthropocene There have been 5 major ex6nc6ons These are a7ributed to Asteroid impacts Climate change They usually occur over millenia A sixth ex6nc6on is in progress Relevance Once species

More information

Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA)

Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA) PreCambrian SuperEon (4.6 BYA 541 MYA) Hadean Eon (4.6 BYA - 4 BYA) Slide # 1 46 feet Earth Forms Earth is formed from a mass of dust and gas that gravity pulled together. The process causes a huge amount

More information

Origin of Life. prebiotic before life

Origin of Life. prebiotic before life Origin of Life prebiotic before life autocatalysis a reaction in which the products of the reaction result in an increase in the rate of product formation Age of Universe estimated 13.798±0.037 billion

More information

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras:

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras: TIME LINE OF LIFE Material Time Line of Life Working Time Line of Life Clock of Eras Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference Elastic strip for Clock of Eras Presentation 1: Overview 1. Review

More information

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 11 A Brief History of Life on Earth Chapter Overview The Ever-Changing Earth Early Life Evolution and the Fossil Record Life in the Phanerozoic

More information

Origins of Life and Extinction

Origins of Life and Extinction Origins of Life and Extinction What is evolution? What is evolution? The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Natural selection is

More information

Chapter 12. Life of the Paleozoic

Chapter 12. Life of the Paleozoic Chapter 12 Life of the Paleozoic Paleozoic Invertebrates Representatives of most major invertebrate phyla were present during Paleozoic, including sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, mollusks, arthropods,

More information

Phanerozoic Diversity and Mass Extinctions

Phanerozoic Diversity and Mass Extinctions Phanerozoic Diversity and Mass Extinctions Measuring Diversity John Phillips produced the first estimates of Phanerozoic diversity in 1860, based on the British fossil record Intuitively it seems simple

More information

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Prior to the 1700 s deep time did not exist... According to Genesis the Earth was created in 6 days about 6000 years ago. Earth history = Biblical history Dinosaurs

More information