Investigation of the key transport phenomena in margarine resting tubes
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1 Investigation of the key transport phenomena in margarine resting tubes 1 C. Herman, E. Hospied, C. Tervfe, F. Debaste 2 Y. Kegelaers, L. Préat 1 Transfers, Interfaces and Processes - Chemical Engineering Unit Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium 2 The Puratos Group, Belgium Food Processing and Emerging Trends 1 Monday, the 24 of Augustus, 2009 World Congress of Chemical Engineering - 8, Montréal, Canada8
2 Margarine production Margarine = water in oil emulsion Key steps of production : Emulsification in stirred tank Crystallization in the right form Maturation Beginning of the maturation in resting tube : To ensure strong enough texture to pack Mainly empirically designed Difficult to control, regulate and clean Interest in understanding the key phenomena to : Control the process Enhance the design
3 Aims of this study Goals Enhance understanding of the phenomena in the resting tubes Propose a simplied and enhanced process Methodology Evaluate theorically the physics present Separated study of the phenomena Evaluation of the coupling Full process simulation Enhanced process design In a global top-down approach
4 Important phenomena Temperature Viscous dissipation Heat transfer Exothermal reaction Residence Time Distribution Crystallization kinetic Crystallization Shear Rheology Flow Viscosity
5 Presentation plan Introduction Important phenomena Residence Time Distribution Measurement Rheology measurments Residence Time Distribution Modelling Heat transfer impact Conclusions
6 RTD Measurement Puratos pilot plant Using caroten as tracing element Quantification using L*a*b colorimetry Emulsification vessels Cooling units Mass repartissor Malaxing unit Resting tube Dosing unit Filter Page 6
7 Complexifying experiments Experiment 1 : only steps 1 and 6. Experiment 2 : steps Experiment 3 : steps Experiment 4 and 5 : all steps (different temperatures) 1. Emulsification vessels 1. Cooling units 2. Mass repartissor 3. Malaxing unit 6. Resting tube 5. Dosing unit 4. Filter Page 7
8 Observations Experiment 1 : Channeling in the resting tube Next to wall : higher viscosity High residence time, Low temperature Experiment 2 : Channeling Block of old margarine Dosing unit is mixing large blocks Experiment 3 to 5 : The two problems remain Adding more mixing steps smooth the block dispersio
9 Residence time distribution results
10 Presentation plan Introduction Important phenomena Residence Time Distribution Measurement Rheology measurment Residence Time Distribution Modelling Heat transfer impact Conclusions
11 Rheology measurment Tests using 2 different rheometers Using rotative and vibrating methods Highly thixotropic behavior Importance of initial state of the product No good quantitative results Only order of magnitude of large time behavior are quantified Page 11
12 Rheology measurment Contrainte de cisaillement (Pa) Shear-thinning Thixotropy Plastic Slip Chemin 1 Chemin 2 Vitesse de cisaillement (s-1) Page 12
13 Residence time distribution modelling Analytical solution for the F-curve : Shear- thining fluid Fully developped flow Cylindrical geometry F( t) = τ n t n + n n+ 1 Computational Fluid Dynamics tests : Developping flow More complex geometry impact Different software tested (Star CCM+, Fluent, Comsol) RTD dependance to mesh issues Page 13
14 Residence time distribution modelling
15 Flow study Temperature Exothermal reaction Reaction kinetic Crystallization Viscous dissipation Heat transfer Residence time distribution Shear Rheology Flow Viscosity
16 Conclusions and perspectives First investigation of the resting tube flow : RTD Many coupled physical phenomena : Rheology Cristallization Heat transfer Many challenges on: The industrial process optimization The development of industrial measurment methods The coupled modelling of the process The understanding and modelling of the flow
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