Using deformation rates in Northern Cascadia to constrain time-dependent stress- and slip-rate on the megathrust

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Using deformation rates in Northern Cascadia to constrain time-dependent stress- and slip-rate on the megathrust"

Transcription

1 Using deformation rates in Northern Cascadia to constrain time-dependent stress- and slip-rate on the megathrust Lucile Bruhat Paul Segall Stanford University 1

2 50 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone 50 o N Vancouver 48 o N Seattle 46 o N Portland 44 o N 42 o N 126 o W o W 2

3 50 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone 50 o N 48 o N 46 o N 44 o N Juan de Fuca plate 42 o N 126 o W o W 3

4 50 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone 50 o N 48 o N 46 o N 44 o N Juan de Fuca plate North America plate 42 o N 126 o W o W 4

5 50 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone 50 o N Vancouver 48 o N Seattle 46 o N Portland 44 o N 42 o N 126 o W o W 5

6 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone Juan de Fuca plate Trench Locked Region Gap North America plate Slow Slip Event Region 45 Depth (km) 1. What is the physical behavior of this gap? [e.g., Hyndman & Wang (1995), Flück et al. (1997), Dragert et al. (2004), Chapman & Melbourne (2009), Wech & Creager (2011), Hyndman (2013)] 2. How deep can the megathrust rupture go? Can it propagate in the gap? in the ETS region? 6

7 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone Juan de Fuca plate Trench? Gap North America plate Slow Slip Event Region 45 Depth (km) 1. What is the physical behavior of this gap? [e.g., Hyndman & Wang (1995), Flück et al. (1997), Dragert et al. (2004), Chapman & Melbourne (2009), Wech & Creager (2011), Hyndman (2013)] 2. How deep can the megathrust rupture go? Can it propagate in the gap? in the ETS region? 7

8 Interseismic period for the Cascadia subduction zone Juan de Fuca plate Trench? North America plate Slow Slip Event Region 45 Depth (km) 1. What is the physical behavior of this gap? [e.g., Hyndman & Wang (1995), Flück et al. (1997), Dragert et al. (2004), Chapman & Melbourne (2009), Wech & Creager (2011), Hyndman (2013)] 2. How deep can the megathrust rupture go? Can it propagate in the gap? in the ETS region? 8

9 Looking at long-term deformation Horizontal GPS rates 9

10 Looking at long-term deformation Horizontal GPS rates + tide-gauge & leveling uplift rates 10

11 Forward rate-state friction models of SSE 11

12 Forward rate-state friction models of SSE fit the GPS data Fit to the average GPS horizontal displacements 12

13 Averaged over many ETS cycles, stress within the slow slip zone (30-40km) is nearly constant 13

14 Same rate-state friction models of the interseismic slip rate do not fit the long-term rates 14

15 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? 15

16 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? 16

17 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? 17

18 Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? 18

19 Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? 19

20 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? 20

21 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? Which slip rate distribution is required by the data? 21

22 Inversion of the residuals from the starting physics-based models 22

23 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? Which slip rate distribution is required by the data? 23

24 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? Which slip rate distribution is required by the data? Larger slip rates are necessary within both the gap and the ETS zone relative to the physics-based model with constant shear stress 24

25 Physics-based models predict too much locking in the gap, up dip the ETS region. Why? - Bias due to use of homogeneous half-space Green s functions? - Gap creeping due to velocity-strengthening friction behavior? Which slip rate distribution is required by the data? Larger slip rates are necessary within both the gap and the ETS zone relative to the physics-based model with constant shear stress 25

26 Inversions for interseismic shear stress rates find negative shear stress rates to explain the large slip rates in the gap and the ETS region [Bruhat & Segall, 2016] Inverted shear stress rates (kpa/yr) Corresponding slip rate profile (mm/yr) 35 Inverted slip rate Depth (km) 5 Constant Δτ crack solution Depth (km) Inversions for solutions as close as possible to constant stress 26

27 Inversions for interseismic shear stress rates find negative shear stress rates to explain the large slip rates in the gap and the ETS region [Bruhat & Segall, 2016] Latitude Longitude Vertical rates (Variance Reduction = 95.9%) mm/yr observed predicted Corresponding slip rate profile (mm/yr) 35 Inverted slip rate km Longitude 5 Constant Δτ crack solution Depth (km) Inversions for solutions as close as possible to constant stress 27

28 Rate & State friction numerical models Fit the average ETS displacements No change in shear stress in the ETS region Inversions for shear stress rates Fit the long-term rates Require negative shear stress rates within the gap & ETS region Change with time in effective stress? Fault strength? 28

29 Implicit assumption 29

30 Implicit assumption Can the interseismic transition depth change with time? slip Locking depth length a Along fault distance 30

31 Implicit assumption Can the interseismic transition depth change with time? 1 Slip s(z,t) =f(z,t)v 1 t slip Slip rate ds dt = f(z,t)v 1 Locking depth length a Along fault distance 31

32 Implicit assumption Can the interseismic transition depth change with time? 1 Slip s(z,t) =f(z,t)v 1 t slip Migrating up dip length a Slip rate ds dt = f(z,t)v 1 + v Locking depth Along fault distance 32

33 Implicit assumption Can the interseismic transition depth change with time? 1 Slip s(z,t) =f(z,t)v 1 t slip Migrating up dip Locking depth length a Along fault distance Slip rate ds dt = f(z,t)v 1 + v = f(z,t)v 1 + v Propagation rate 33

34 Temporal evolution of the locking depth Numerical simulations from Jiang & Lapusta (2016) Locking depth The locking depth migrates up dip à the size of the locked region reduces w/ time 34

35 Crack model for the interseismic slip profile Spatial variable Expand stress drop in Chebyshev polynomials: = 1X c i (t)t i ( (t)) i=0 1 X 1 35

36 Crack model for the interseismic slip profile Spatial variable X X For a crack with finite stress at the Xcrack tip and driven by steady displacement: X 1X Slip s = tg( (t)) + a(t) c i (t)f i ( (t)) i=2 X 1X X = µ v1 t a(t) (t)+µ 1 X i=2 1X c i (t)t i ( (t)) Slip rate ds dt = g( (t)) + a(t) 1 1X i=2 i (t) f i ( (t)) t a(t) + # 1X c i (t)v( (t)) i=2 Propagation effect 36

37 Effect of the propagation time 37

38 Crack model for the interseismic slip profile New method to derive expressions for stress drop, slip and slip rate Ø Allows for the up dip propagation of the creeping region Ø Massively underdetermined (as most geodetic inversions) Ø Can be used to invert deformation rates using MCMC methods under specific assumptions (c i = 0, stress characteristics in the ETS region, etc.) to look for extremal models (e.g., bounds on propagation speed) Ø Examples for Cascadia 38

39 Application to Cascadia Non propagating crack, invert for c i (N=6) Best fitting model (MCMC inversion) Locking depth: 20.5km Slip rate (mm/yr) 30 Vertical rates (VR = 98.1%) 50 3 mm/yr observed predicted 49 Horizontal rates (VR = 92%) mm/yr observed predicted Latitude 48 Latitude Gap ETS Depth (km) km Longitude km Longitude 39

40 Application to Cascadia Propagating crack Best fitting model (MCMC inversion) Locking depth: 21km Up-dip propagation velocity: 33.4m/year 40

41 Application to Cascadia Posterior distributions 41

42 X Application to Cascadia Models w/ no change in shear stress in the ETS region Minimizing 1/2 (d ˆd) ( = ETS) = 0 Stress rates do take into account the free surface effects Assuming c i / t = 0 42

43 Application to Cascadia Models w/ no change in shear stress in the ETS region Best fitting model (MCMC inversion) Locking depth: 21.9km Up-dip propagation velocity: 41m/year 43

44 Rate & State friction numerical models Fit the average ETS displacements No change in shear stress in the ETS region Inversions for shear stress rates Fit the long-term rates Require negative shear stress rates within the gap & ETS region Change with time in effective stress? Fault strength? 44

45 Rate & State friction numerical models Fit the average ETS displacements No change in shear stress in the ETS region Inversions for shear stress rates Fit the long-term rates Require negative shear stress rates within the gap & ETS region Change with time in effective stress? Fault strength? Propagating crack Fit the long-term rates Allows for models that with negative shear stress rate within the gap but no change in the ETS region Gap acts as a region of fault weakening. 45

46 Rate & State friction numerical models Fit the average ETS displacements No change in shear stress in the ETS region Inversions for shear stress rates Fit the long-term rates Require negative shear stress rates within the gap & ETS region Change with time in effective stress? Fault strength? Propagating crack Fit the long-term rates Allows for models that with negative shear stress rate within the gap but no change in the ETS region Gap acts as a region of fault weakening. Bruhat & Segall, JGR, 2016 Bruhat & Segall, in review 46

47 Conclusions: u New method to estimate interseismic slip rates u Include the possibility for the creeping zone to propagate up dip u Between purely kinematic inversions and fully physics-based models u Possible mechanical explanations u Gap locked after deep rupture propagation, interseismic transition propagating up due to reloading by deep creep [Jiang & Lapusta, 2016]? u For Cascadia: current (?) locking depth (20-22km), steep slip rate gradient at bottom of the locked region, and important slip deficit in gap & ETS region Questions? lbruhat@stanford.edu Funding from: Thanks! 47

The Non-volcanic tremor observation in Northern Cascadia. Hsieh Hsin Sung 3/22

The Non-volcanic tremor observation in Northern Cascadia. Hsieh Hsin Sung 3/22 The Non-volcanic tremor observation in Northern Cascadia Hsieh Hsin Sung 3/22 Reference Kao, H., S. J. Shan, H. Dragert, and G. Rogers (2009), Northern Cascadia episodic tremor and slip: A decade of observations

More information

Megathrust Earthquakes

Megathrust Earthquakes Megathrust Earthquakes Susan Schwartz University of California Santa Cruz CIDER 2017 UC Berkeley July 5, 2017 The largest megathrust events are not uniformally distributed at all subduction zones. M>8

More information

Earthquake and Volcano Deformation

Earthquake and Volcano Deformation Earthquake and Volcano Deformation Paul Segall Stanford University Draft Copy September, 2005 Last Updated Sept, 2008 COPYRIGHT NOTICE: To be published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, c

More information

} based on composition

} based on composition Learning goals: Predict types of earthquakes that will happen at different plate boundaries based on relative plate motion vector vs. strike (vector subtraction) Understand interseismic and coseismic deformation,

More information

Study megathrust creep to understand megathrust earthquakes

Study megathrust creep to understand megathrust earthquakes 1 Study megathrust creep to understand megathrust earthquakes Kelin Wang Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of Canada, kelin.wang@canada.ca Introduction Once upon a time, there was a belief that

More information

Estimating fault slip rates, locking distribution, elastic/viscous properites of lithosphere/asthenosphere. Kaj M. Johnson Indiana University

Estimating fault slip rates, locking distribution, elastic/viscous properites of lithosphere/asthenosphere. Kaj M. Johnson Indiana University 3D Viscoelastic Earthquake Cycle Models Estimating fault slip rates, locking distribution, elastic/viscous properites of lithosphere/asthenosphere Kaj M. Johnson Indiana University In collaboration with:

More information

Azimuth with RH rule. Quadrant. S 180 Quadrant Azimuth. Azimuth with RH rule N 45 W. Quadrant Azimuth

Azimuth with RH rule. Quadrant. S 180 Quadrant Azimuth. Azimuth with RH rule N 45 W. Quadrant Azimuth 30 45 30 45 Strike and dip notation (a) N30 E, 45 SE ("Quadrant"): the bearing of the strike direction is 30 degrees east of north and the dip is 45 degrees in a southeast (SE) direction. For a given strike,

More information

Lecture 20: Slow Slip Events and Stress Transfer. GEOS 655 Tectonic Geodesy Jeff Freymueller

Lecture 20: Slow Slip Events and Stress Transfer. GEOS 655 Tectonic Geodesy Jeff Freymueller Lecture 20: Slow Slip Events and Stress Transfer GEOS 655 Tectonic Geodesy Jeff Freymueller Slow Slip Events From Kristine Larson What is a Slow Slip Event? Slip on a fault, like in an earthquake, BUT

More information

Seismic and geodetic constraints on Cascadia slow slip

Seismic and geodetic constraints on Cascadia slow slip 1 2 3 4 5 6 Seismic and geodetic constraints on Cascadia slow slip Aaron G. Wech 1, Kenneth C. Creager 1, & Timothy I. Melbourne 2 1 University of Washington, Department of Earth and Space Science, Box

More information

Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material 1 Supplementary Material 2 3 4 Interseismic, megathrust earthquakes and seismic swarms along the Chilean subduction zone (38-18 S) 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 1 GPS data set We combined in a single data set

More information

Scientific Research on the Cascadia Subduction Zone that Will Help Improve Seismic Hazard Maps, Building Codes, and Other Risk-Mitigation Measures

Scientific Research on the Cascadia Subduction Zone that Will Help Improve Seismic Hazard Maps, Building Codes, and Other Risk-Mitigation Measures Scientific Research on the Cascadia Subduction Zone that Will Help Improve Seismic Hazard Maps, Building Codes, and Other Risk-Mitigation Measures Art Frankel U.S. Geological Survey Seattle, WA GeoPrisms-Earthscope

More information

A hierarchy of tremor migration patterns induced by the interaction of brittle asperities mediated by aseismic slip transients

A hierarchy of tremor migration patterns induced by the interaction of brittle asperities mediated by aseismic slip transients A hierarchy of tremor migration patterns induced by the interaction of brittle asperities mediated by aseismic slip transients J.-P. Ampuero (Caltech Seismolab), H. Perfettini (IRD), H. Houston and B.

More information

Afterslip, slow earthquakes and aftershocks: Modeling using the rate & state friction law

Afterslip, slow earthquakes and aftershocks: Modeling using the rate & state friction law Afterslip, slow earthquakes and aftershocks: Modeling using the rate & state friction law Agnès Helmstetter (LGIT Grenoble) and Bruce Shaw (LDE0 Columbia Univ) Days after Nias earthquake Cumulative number

More information

Seismic and aseismic processes in elastodynamic simulations of spontaneous fault slip

Seismic and aseismic processes in elastodynamic simulations of spontaneous fault slip Seismic and aseismic processes in elastodynamic simulations of spontaneous fault slip Most earthquake simulations study either one large seismic event with full inertial effects or long-term slip history

More information

Regional Geodesy. Shimon Wdowinski. MARGINS-RCL Workshop Lithospheric Rupture in the Gulf of California Salton Trough Region. University of Miami

Regional Geodesy. Shimon Wdowinski. MARGINS-RCL Workshop Lithospheric Rupture in the Gulf of California Salton Trough Region. University of Miami MARGINS-RCL Workshop Lithospheric Rupture in the Gulf of California Salton Trough Region Regional Geodesy Shimon Wdowinski University of Miami Rowena Lohman, Kim Outerbridge, Tom Rockwell, and Gina Schmalze

More information

Two ways to think about the dynamics of earthquake ruptures

Two ways to think about the dynamics of earthquake ruptures Two ways to think about the dynamics of earthquake ruptures (1) In terms of friction (2) In terms of fracture mechanics Scholz describes conditions for rupture propagation (i.e. instability) via energy

More information

Friction can increase with hold time. This happens through growth and increasing shear strength of contacts ( asperities ).

Friction can increase with hold time. This happens through growth and increasing shear strength of contacts ( asperities ). Friction can increase with hold time. This happens through growth and increasing shear strength of contacts ( asperities ). If sliding speeds up, the average lifespan of asperities decreases This means

More information

Megathrust earthquakes: How large? How destructive? How often? Jean-Philippe Avouac California Institute of Technology

Megathrust earthquakes: How large? How destructive? How often? Jean-Philippe Avouac California Institute of Technology Megathrust earthquakes: How large? How destructive? How often? Jean-Philippe Avouac California Institute of Technology World seismicity (data source: USGS) and velocities relative to ITRF1997 (Sella et

More information

Stress modulation on the San Andreas fault by interseismic fault system interactions Jack Loveless and Brendan Meade, Geology, 2011

Stress modulation on the San Andreas fault by interseismic fault system interactions Jack Loveless and Brendan Meade, Geology, 2011 Stress modulation on the San Andreas fault by interseismic fault system interactions Jack Loveless and Brendan Meade, Geology, 2011 A three step process: 1 - Assimilate plate boundary wide GPS data into

More information

GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 4: GPS strain analysis examples Student exercise

GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 4: GPS strain analysis examples Student exercise GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 4: GPS strain analysis examples Student exercise Example 1: Olympic Peninsula Name: Please complete the following worksheet to estimate, calculate, and interpret the strain

More information

Today (Mon Feb 27): Key concepts are. (1) how to make an earthquake: what conditions must be met? (above and beyond the EOSC 110 version)

Today (Mon Feb 27): Key concepts are. (1) how to make an earthquake: what conditions must be met? (above and beyond the EOSC 110 version) Today (Mon Feb 27): Key concepts are (1) how to make an earthquake: what conditions must be met? (above and beyond the EOSC 110 version) (2) strain (matrix: cannot be represented as a scalar or a vector

More information

A new hybrid numerical scheme for modelling elastodynamics in unbounded media with near-source heterogeneities

A new hybrid numerical scheme for modelling elastodynamics in unbounded media with near-source heterogeneities A new hybrid numerical scheme for modelling elastodynamics in unbounded media with near-source heterogeneities Setare Hajarolasvadi Ahmed E. Elbanna https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bltx92tuwha MOTIVATION

More information

Qualitative modeling of earthquakes and aseismic slip in the Tohoku-Oki area. Nadia Lapusta, Caltech Hiroyuki Noda, JAMSTEC

Qualitative modeling of earthquakes and aseismic slip in the Tohoku-Oki area. Nadia Lapusta, Caltech Hiroyuki Noda, JAMSTEC Qualitative modeling of earthquakes and aseismic slip in the Tohoku-Oki area Nadia Lapusta, Caltech Hiroyuki Noda, JAMSTEC Constitutive law on the fault: Rate-and-state friction at low slip rates + Potential

More information

Source Parameters and Time Dependent Slip Distributions of Slow Slip Events on the Cascadia Subduction Zone from 1998 to 2008

Source Parameters and Time Dependent Slip Distributions of Slow Slip Events on the Cascadia Subduction Zone from 1998 to 2008 University of Massachusetts Amherst From the SelectedWorks of Haiying Gao April 14, 2010 Source Parameters and Time Dependent Slip Distributions of Slow Slip Events on the Cascadia Subduction Zone from

More information

Ground displacement in a fault zone in the presence of asperities

Ground displacement in a fault zone in the presence of asperities BOLLETTINO DI GEOFISICA TEORICA ED APPLICATA VOL. 40, N. 2, pp. 95-110; JUNE 2000 Ground displacement in a fault zone in the presence of asperities S. SANTINI (1),A.PIOMBO (2) and M. DRAGONI (2) (1) Istituto

More information

Introduction: Advancing Simulations of Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)

Introduction: Advancing Simulations of Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) Introduction: Advancing Simulations of Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) Brittany Erickson (Portland State University) Junle Jiang (University of California, San Diego) SCEC DR-SEAS Workshop,

More information

ABSTRACT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR ALONG THE SOUTHERN CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE. by Devin C. Boyarko

ABSTRACT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR ALONG THE SOUTHERN CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE. by Devin C. Boyarko ABSTRACT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF NON-VOLCANIC TREMOR ALONG THE SOUTHERN CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE by Devin C. Boyarko Episodic tremor and slip (ETS), the spatial and temporal correlation of slow

More information

Slow slip predictions based on granite and gabbro friction data compared to GPS measurements in northern Cascadia

Slow slip predictions based on granite and gabbro friction data compared to GPS measurements in northern Cascadia Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 114,, doi:10.109/008jb00614, 009 Slow slip predictions based on granite and gabbro friction data compared to GPS measurements in northern

More information

Plate Boundary Observatory Working Group for the Central and Northern San Andreas Fault System PBO-WG-CNSA

Plate Boundary Observatory Working Group for the Central and Northern San Andreas Fault System PBO-WG-CNSA Plate Boundary Observatory Working Group for the Central and Northern San Andreas Fault System PBO-WG-CNSA Introduction Our proposal focuses on the San Andreas fault system in central and northern California.

More information

GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 5: 2014 South Napa earthquake GPS strain analysis student exercise

GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 5: 2014 South Napa earthquake GPS strain analysis student exercise GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 5: 2014 South Napa earthquake GPS strain analysis student exercise Strain Analysis Introduction Name: The earthquake cycle can be viewed as a process of slow strain accumulation

More information

Transition from stick-slip to stable sliding: the crucial effect of asperities

Transition from stick-slip to stable sliding: the crucial effect of asperities Transition from stick-slip to stable sliding: the crucial effect of asperities Strasbourg, 15 Nov. 2007 François Renard LGCA, CNRS-OSUG, University of Grenoble, France PGP, University of Oslo, Norway Collaborators:

More information

GPS strain analysis examples Instructor notes

GPS strain analysis examples Instructor notes GPS strain analysis examples Instructor notes Compiled by Phil Resor (Wesleyan University) This document presents several examples of GPS station triplets for different tectonic environments. These examples

More information

Deformation cycles of great subduction earthquakes in a viscoelastic Earth

Deformation cycles of great subduction earthquakes in a viscoelastic Earth Deformation cycles of great subduction earthquakes in a viscoelastic Earth Kelin Wang Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of Canada School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria????

More information

Kinematics and geodynamics of the Cascadia convergent margin A proposal from the PANGA Investigator Community*

Kinematics and geodynamics of the Cascadia convergent margin A proposal from the PANGA Investigator Community* Kinematics and geodynamics of the Cascadia convergent margin A proposal from the PANGA Investigator Community* Observing North America s plate boundary The Cascadia subduction zone (Fig. 1a) occupies nearly

More information

A Brownian walk model for slow earthquakes

A Brownian walk model for slow earthquakes GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L17301, doi:10.1029/2008gl034821, 2008 A Brownian walk model for slow earthquakes Satoshi Ide 1 Received 29 May 2008; revised 10 July 2008; accepted 16 July 2008;

More information

Basics of the modelling of the ground deformations produced by an earthquake. EO Summer School 2014 Frascati August 13 Pierre Briole

Basics of the modelling of the ground deformations produced by an earthquake. EO Summer School 2014 Frascati August 13 Pierre Briole Basics of the modelling of the ground deformations produced by an earthquake EO Summer School 2014 Frascati August 13 Pierre Briole Content Earthquakes and faults Examples of SAR interferograms of earthquakes

More information

Episodic tremors and slip in Cascadia in the framework of the Frenkel Kontorova model

Episodic tremors and slip in Cascadia in the framework of the Frenkel Kontorova model GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 38,, doi:10.1029/2010gl045225, 2011 Episodic tremors and slip in Cascadia in the framework of the Frenkel Kontorova model Naum I. Gershenzon, 1,2 Gust Bambakidis, 1 Ernest

More information

Volcano Seismicity and Tremor. Geodetic + Seismic

Volcano Seismicity and Tremor. Geodetic + Seismic Volcano Seismicity and Tremor Seismic Imaging Geodetic + Seismic Model based joint inversion Geodetic Monitoring How is magma stored in the crust? geometry, volume and physical state of crustal melts.

More information

Central Cascadia Subduction Zone Creep

Central Cascadia Subduction Zone Creep Portland State University PDXScholar Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations Geology 214 Central Cascadia Subduction Zone Creep Gina M. Schmalzle University of Washington - Seattle Campus Robert

More information

Interseismic locking of the plate interface in the northern Cascadia subduction zone, inferred from inversion of GPS data

Interseismic locking of the plate interface in the northern Cascadia subduction zone, inferred from inversion of GPS data Earth and Planetary Science Letters 231 (5) 239 247 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Interseismic locking of the plate interface in the northern Cascadia subduction zone, inferred from inversion of GPS data

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi: 1.138/nature962 Data processing A network of 5 continuously recording GPS stations (LAGU, CHIN, ENAP, GUAD and JUAN) was installed after the earthquake (Figure 1, main text). The data considered in

More information

Three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model for postseismic deformation of the great 1960 Chile earthquake

Three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model for postseismic deformation of the great 1960 Chile earthquake JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2004jb003163, 2004 Three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model for postseismic deformation of the great 1960 Chile earthquake Y. Hu, 1 K.

More information

ETS IN TIDAL RECORDS

ETS IN TIDAL RECORDS ETS IN TIDAL RECORDS by SEQUOIA ALBA A THESIS Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

More information

Modeling Approaches That Reproduce a Range of Fault Slip Behaviors: What We Have and What We Need Nadia Lapusta. California Institute of Technology

Modeling Approaches That Reproduce a Range of Fault Slip Behaviors: What We Have and What We Need Nadia Lapusta. California Institute of Technology Modeling Approaches That Reproduce a Range of Fault Slip Behaviors: What We Have and What We Need Nadia Lapusta California Institute of Technology Modeling Approaches That Reproduce a Range of Fault Slip

More information

Activity Pacific Northwest Tectonic Block Model

Activity Pacific Northwest Tectonic Block Model Activity Pacific Northwest Tectonic Block Model The Cascadia tectonic margin is caught between several tectonic forces, during the relentless motions of the giant Pacific Plate, the smaller subducting

More information

Earthquake distribution is not random: very narrow deforming zones (= plate boundaries) versus large areas with no earthquakes (= rigid plate

Earthquake distribution is not random: very narrow deforming zones (= plate boundaries) versus large areas with no earthquakes (= rigid plate Earthquake distribution is not random: very narrow deforming zones (= plate boundaries) versus large areas with no earthquakes (= rigid plate interiors) Tectonic plates and their boundaries today -- continents

More information

The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting

The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting Christopher H. Scholz Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University 2nd edition CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

More information

Depth-dependent slip regime on the plate interface revealed from slow earthquake activities in the Nankai subduction zone

Depth-dependent slip regime on the plate interface revealed from slow earthquake activities in the Nankai subduction zone 2010/10/11-14 Earthscope Workshop Depth-dependent slip regime on the plate interface revealed from slow earthquake activities in the Nankai subduction zone Kazushige Obara, ERI, Univ. Tokyo Recurrence

More information

Case Study 1: 2014 Chiang Rai Sequence

Case Study 1: 2014 Chiang Rai Sequence Case Study 1: 2014 Chiang Rai Sequence Overview Mw 6.1 earthquake on 5 May 2014 at 11:08:43 UTC Largest recorded earthquake in Thailand Fault Orientation How does the orientation of the fault affect the

More information

Present-day deformation across the southwest Japan arc: Oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and lateral slip of the Nankai forearc

Present-day deformation across the southwest Japan arc: Oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and lateral slip of the Nankai forearc LETTER Earth Planets Space, 55, 643 647, 2003 Present-day deformation across the southwest Japan arc: Oblique subduction of the Philippine Sea plate and lateral slip of the Nankai forearc Takao Tabei 1,

More information

An earthquake like magnitude frequency distribution of slow slip in northern Cascadia

An earthquake like magnitude frequency distribution of slow slip in northern Cascadia GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044881, 2010 An earthquake like magnitude frequency distribution of slow slip in northern Cascadia Aaron G. Wech, 1,2 Kenneth C. Creager, 1 Heidi

More information

Predicting tsunami waves and currents on the West Coast of Canada: A case study for Ucluelet, BC

Predicting tsunami waves and currents on the West Coast of Canada: A case study for Ucluelet, BC Predicting tsunami waves and currents on the West Coast of Canada: A case study for Ucluelet, BC Josef Cherniawsky, Kelin Wang and Roy Walters Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada Pacific

More information

Elizabeth H. Hearn modified from W. Behr

Elizabeth H. Hearn modified from W. Behr Reconciling postseismic and interseismic surface deformation around strike-slip faults: Earthquake-cycle models with finite ruptures and viscous shear zones Elizabeth H. Hearn hearn.liz@gmail.com modified

More information

Kinematics of the Southern California Fault System Constrained by GPS Measurements

Kinematics of the Southern California Fault System Constrained by GPS Measurements Title Page Kinematics of the Southern California Fault System Constrained by GPS Measurements Brendan Meade and Bradford Hager Three basic questions Large historical earthquakes One basic question How

More information

Source parameters II. Stress drop determination Energy balance Seismic energy and seismic efficiency The heat flow paradox Apparent stress drop

Source parameters II. Stress drop determination Energy balance Seismic energy and seismic efficiency The heat flow paradox Apparent stress drop Source parameters II Stress drop determination Energy balance Seismic energy and seismic efficiency The heat flow paradox Apparent stress drop Source parameters II: use of empirical Green function for

More information

What scientists know and do not know about the big one at Cascadia

What scientists know and do not know about the big one at Cascadia What scientists know and do not know about the big one at Cascadia Kelin Wang Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada The Cascadia Subduction Zone M 7.3, 1946 Rupture

More information

Dynamic processes in the mantle wedge

Dynamic processes in the mantle wedge Mantle Processes and Geodynamics Dynamic processes in the mantle wedge Ikuko Wada Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Something Amazing: Despite the apparent complexity of the mantle wedge dynamics, the

More information

Unlocking the Secrets of Slow Slip in Cascadia Using Low- Frequency Earthquakes. Justin R. Sweet. A dissertation

Unlocking the Secrets of Slow Slip in Cascadia Using Low- Frequency Earthquakes. Justin R. Sweet. A dissertation Unlocking the Secrets of Slow Slip in Cascadia Using Low- Frequency Earthquakes Justin R. Sweet A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

More information

Creep or Stick? Spatial variations of fault friction, implications for earthquake hazard. Jean-Philippe Avouac. Collaborators

Creep or Stick? Spatial variations of fault friction, implications for earthquake hazard. Jean-Philippe Avouac. Collaborators Creep or Stick? Spatial variations of fault friction, implications for earthquake hazard Jean-Philippe Avouac Collaborators Vicky Stevens Marion Thomas Thomas Ader Ozgun Konca Laurent Bollinger Francois

More information

Three-dimensional viscoelastic interseismic deformation model for the Cascadia subduction zone

Three-dimensional viscoelastic interseismic deformation model for the Cascadia subduction zone Earth Planets Space, 53, 295 306, 2001 Three-dimensional viscoelastic interseismic deformation model for the Cascadia subduction zone Kelin Wang, Jiangheng He, Herb Dragert, and Thomas S. James Pacific

More information

Today: Basic regional framework. Western U.S. setting Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) 1992 Landers EQ 1999 Hector Mine EQ Fault structure

Today: Basic regional framework. Western U.S. setting Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) 1992 Landers EQ 1999 Hector Mine EQ Fault structure Today: Basic regional framework Western U.S. setting Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) 1992 Landers EQ 1999 Hector Mine EQ Fault structure 1 2 Mojave and Southern Basin and Range - distribution of strike-slip

More information

Frequency of large crustal earthquakes in Puget Sound Southern Georgia Strait predicted from geodetic and geological deformation rates

Frequency of large crustal earthquakes in Puget Sound Southern Georgia Strait predicted from geodetic and geological deformation rates JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. B1, 2033, doi:10.1029/2001jb001710, 2003 Frequency of large crustal earthquakes in Puget Sound Southern Georgia Strait predicted from geodetic and geological

More information

DETERMINATION OF SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 28 MARCH 2005 NIAS EARTHQUAKE USING JOINT INVERSION OF TSUNAMI WAVEFORM AND GPS DATA

DETERMINATION OF SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 28 MARCH 2005 NIAS EARTHQUAKE USING JOINT INVERSION OF TSUNAMI WAVEFORM AND GPS DATA Synopses of Master Papers Bulletin of IISEE, 47, 115-10, 013 DETERMINATION OF SLIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE 8 MARCH 005 NIAS EARTHQUAKE USING JOINT INVERSION OF TSUNAMI WAVEFORM AND GPS DATA Tatok Yatimantoro

More information

Development of a Predictive Simulation System for Crustal Activities in and around Japan - II

Development of a Predictive Simulation System for Crustal Activities in and around Japan - II Development of a Predictive Simulation System for Crustal Activities in and around Japan - II Project Representative Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Authors Mitsuhiro

More information

Frictional Properties on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California, Inferred from Models of Afterslip following the 2004 Earthquake

Frictional Properties on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California, Inferred from Models of Afterslip following the 2004 Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, No. 4B, pp. S321 S338, September 2006, doi: 10.1785/0120050808 Frictional Properties on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California, Inferred

More information

The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading

The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2012gl052326, 2012 The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading Thomas J. Ader, 1,2 Jean-Paul

More information

Geophysical Journal International

Geophysical Journal International Geophysical Journal International Geophys. J. Int. (2013) 192, 38 57 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggs028 An asperity model for fault creep and interseismic deformation in northeastern Japan GJI Geodynamics and tectonics

More information

Geodesy (InSAR, GPS, Gravity) and Big Earthquakes

Geodesy (InSAR, GPS, Gravity) and Big Earthquakes Geodesy (InSAR, GPS, Gravity) and Big Earthquakes Mathew Pritchard Teh-Ru A. Song Yuri Fialko Luis Rivera Mark Simons UJNR Earthquake Research Panel, Morioka, Japan - Nov 6, 2002 Goals Accurate and high

More information

Regional deformation and kinematics from GPS data

Regional deformation and kinematics from GPS data Regional deformation and kinematics from GPS data Jessica Murray, Jerry Svarc, Elizabeth Hearn, and Wayne Thatcher U. S. Geological Survey Acknowledgements: Rob McCaffrey, Portland State University UCERF3

More information

3D MODELING OF EARTHQUAKE CYCLES OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

3D MODELING OF EARTHQUAKE CYCLES OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA 3D MODELING OF EARTHQUAKE CYCLES OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA Li Xiaofan MEE09177 Supervisor: Bunichiro Shibazaki ABSTRACT We perform 3D modeling of earthquake generation of the Xianshuihe

More information

Tremor patches in Cascadia revealed by seismic array analysis

Tremor patches in Cascadia revealed by seismic array analysis GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L17316, doi:10.1029/2009gl039080, 2009 Tremor patches in Cascadia revealed by seismic array analysis Abhijit Ghosh, 1 John E. Vidale, 1 Justin R. Sweet, 1 Kenneth

More information

The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading

The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL.???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, 1 2 The role of velocity-neutral creep on the modulation of tectonic tremor activity by periodic loading Thomas J. Ader, 1,2 Jean-Paul Ampuero

More information

Surface changes caused by erosion and sedimentation were treated by solving: (2)

Surface changes caused by erosion and sedimentation were treated by solving: (2) GSA DATA REPOSITORY 214279 GUY SIMPSON Model with dynamic faulting and surface processes The model used for the simulations reported in Figures 1-3 of the main text is based on two dimensional (plane strain)

More information

TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE 1974, 1966 AND 1746 EARTHQUAKES

TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE 1974, 1966 AND 1746 EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE 1974, 1966 AND 1746 EARTHQUAKES Sheila Yauri Supervisor: Yushiro FUJII MEE10521 Bunichiro SHIBAZAKI ABSTRACT

More information

Surface Rupture in Kinematic Ruptures Models for Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes

Surface Rupture in Kinematic Ruptures Models for Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes Surface Rupture in Kinematic Ruptures Models for Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes Brad Aagaard May 21, 2009 Surface Rupture from Kinematic Rupture Models Objective Holistic approach to calculating surface

More information

Modeling short and long term slow slip events in the seismic cycles of large subduction earthquakes

Modeling short and long term slow slip events in the seismic cycles of large subduction earthquakes JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115,, doi:10.1029/2010jb007566, 2010 Modeling short and long term slow slip events in the seismic cycles of large subduction earthquakes Takanori Matsuzawa, 1 Hitoshi

More information

Dynamic source inversion for physical parameters controlling the 2017 Lesvos earthquake

Dynamic source inversion for physical parameters controlling the 2017 Lesvos earthquake Dynamic source inversion for physical parameters controlling the 2017 Lesvos earthquake F. Kostka 1, E. Sokos 2, J. Zahradník 1, F. Gallovič 1 1 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and

More information

Challenges in earthquake physics and source imaging

Challenges in earthquake physics and source imaging Challenges in earthquake physics and source imaging Jean-Paul Ampuero and Nadia Lapusta (Caltech Seismolab) Main goals and current issues in earthquake dynamics The source imaging inverse problem Parallels

More information

Along strike variations in short term slow slip events in the southwest Japan subduction zone

Along strike variations in short term slow slip events in the southwest Japan subduction zone JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115,, doi:10.1029/2008jb006059, 2010 Along strike variations in short term slow slip events in the southwest Japan subduction zone Shutaro Sekine, 1,2 Hitoshi Hirose,

More information

Magnitude 8.2 NORTHWEST OF IQUIQUE, CHILE

Magnitude 8.2 NORTHWEST OF IQUIQUE, CHILE An 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of northern Chile, generating a local tsunami. The USGS reported the earthquake was centered 95 km (59 miles) northwest of Iquique at a depth of 20.1km

More information

Chapter 6: Earthquakes

Chapter 6: Earthquakes Section 1 (Forces in Earth s Crust) Chapter 6: Earthquakes 8 th Grade Stress a that acts on rock to change its shape or volume Under limited stress, rock layers can bend and stretch, but return to their

More information

12/07/2013. Apparent sea level rise and earthquakes

12/07/2013. Apparent sea level rise and earthquakes Main collaborations: - P. Simeoni - M. N. Bouin - S. Calmant Valérie Ballu Valerie.ballu@univ-lr.fr Apparent sea level rise and earthquakes possibly the world s first community to be formally moved out

More information

Part 2 - Engineering Characterization of Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard. Earthquake Environment

Part 2 - Engineering Characterization of Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard. Earthquake Environment Part 2 - Engineering Characterization of Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard Ultimately what we want is a seismic intensity measure that will allow us to quantify effect of an earthquake on a structure. S a

More information

Slow Slip and Tremor Along San Andreas fault system

Slow Slip and Tremor Along San Andreas fault system Slow Slip and Tremor Along San Andreas fault system Slow slip in Upper Crust Aseismic creep, afterslip and spontaneous slow slip events on some faults in upper 15 km Mostly aseismic but accompanied by

More information

Tidal modulation and back-propagating fronts in slow slip events simulated with a velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening friction law

Tidal modulation and back-propagating fronts in slow slip events simulated with a velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening friction law JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: SOLID EARTH, VOL. 8, 6 39, doi:./jgrb.57, 3 Tidal modulation and back-propagating fronts in slow slip events simulated with a velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening

More information

Jack Loveless Department of Geosciences Smith College

Jack Loveless Department of Geosciences Smith College Geodetic constraints on fault interactions and stressing rates in southern California Jack Loveless Department of Geosciences Smith College jloveless@smith.edu Brendan Meade Department of Earth & Planetary

More information

Fault Representation Methods for Spontaneous Dynamic Rupture Simulation. Luis A. Dalguer

Fault Representation Methods for Spontaneous Dynamic Rupture Simulation. Luis A. Dalguer Fault Representation Methods for Spontaneous Dynamic Rupture Simulation Luis A. Dalguer Computational Seismology Group Swiss Seismological Service (SED) ETH-Zurich July 12-18, 2011 2 st QUEST Workshop,

More information

DETAILS ABOUT THE TECHNIQUE. We use a global mantle convection model (Bunge et al., 1997) in conjunction with a

DETAILS ABOUT THE TECHNIQUE. We use a global mantle convection model (Bunge et al., 1997) in conjunction with a DETAILS ABOUT THE TECHNIQUE We use a global mantle convection model (Bunge et al., 1997) in conjunction with a global model of the lithosphere (Kong and Bird, 1995) to compute plate motions consistent

More information

Splay fault and megathrust earthquake slip in the Nankai Trough

Splay fault and megathrust earthquake slip in the Nankai Trough Earth Planets Space, 53, 243 248, 2001 Splay fault and megathrust earthquake slip in the Nankai Trough Phil R. Cummins, Takane Hori, and Yoshiyuki Kaneda Frontier Research Program for Subduction Dynamics,

More information

Depth (Km) + u ( ξ,t) u = v pl. η= Pa s. Distance from Nankai Trough (Km) u(ξ,τ) dξdτ. w(x,t) = G L (x,t τ;ξ,0) t + u(ξ,t) u(ξ,t) = v pl

Depth (Km) + u ( ξ,t) u = v pl. η= Pa s. Distance from Nankai Trough (Km) u(ξ,τ) dξdτ. w(x,t) = G L (x,t τ;ξ,0) t + u(ξ,t) u(ξ,t) = v pl Slip history during one earthquake cycle at the Nankai subduction zone, inferred from the inversion analysis of levelling data with a viscoelastic slip response function Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura, Akira Nishitani

More information

Long-term Crustal Deformation in and around Japan, Simulated by a 3-D Plate Subduction Model

Long-term Crustal Deformation in and around Japan, Simulated by a 3-D Plate Subduction Model Long-term Crustal Deformation in and around Japan, Simulated by a 3-D Plate Subduction Model Chihiro Hashimoto (1) and Mitsuhiro Matsu ura (2) (1) Institute of Frontier Research for Earth Evolution, Japan

More information

Lab 9: Satellite Geodesy (35 points)

Lab 9: Satellite Geodesy (35 points) Lab 9: Satellite Geodesy (35 points) Here you will work with GPS Time Series data to explore plate motion and deformation in California. This lab modifies an exercise found here: http://www.unavco.org:8080/cws/pbonucleus/draftresources/sanandreas/

More information

THESIS PROPOSAL. DEGREE PROGRAMME: Ph. D. FIELD OF SPECIALIZATIOB: Geophysics

THESIS PROPOSAL. DEGREE PROGRAMME: Ph. D. FIELD OF SPECIALIZATIOB: Geophysics THESIS PROPOSAL DEGREE PROGRAMME: Ph. D. FIELD OF SPECIALIZATIOB: Geophysics SUPERVISOR and COMMITTEE: Supervisors - Mladen Nedimovic Committee Member - Keith Louden (Dalhousie Oceanography) / Donna Shillington

More information

LETTERS. Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses

LETTERS. Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses Vol 448 2 August 27 doi:1.138/nature617 Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses LETTERS Justin L. Rubinstein 1, John E. Vidale 1, Joan Gomberg 2, Paul Bodin 1, Kenneth C. Creager 1

More information

Why short-term crustal shortening leads to mountain building in the Andes, but not in Cascadia?

Why short-term crustal shortening leads to mountain building in the Andes, but not in Cascadia? Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L08301, doi:10.1029/2009gl037347, 2009 Why short-term crustal shortening leads to mountain building in the Andes, but not in Cascadia?

More information

Mid-Continent Earthquakes As A Complex System

Mid-Continent Earthquakes As A Complex System SRL complex earthquakes 5/22/09 1 Mid-Continent Earthquakes As A Complex System Niels Bohr once observed How wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress. This situation

More information

Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California

Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110,, doi:10.1029/2005jb003651, 2005 Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California J. R. Murray U.S. Geological

More information

San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake Simulations: A step toward a Standard Physical Earthquake Model

San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake Simulations: A step toward a Standard Physical Earthquake Model San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake Simulations: A step toward a Standard Physical Earthquake Model Steven N. Ward Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA,

More information

overlie the seismogenic zone offshore Costa Rica, making the margin particularly well suited for combined land and ocean geophysical studies (Figure

overlie the seismogenic zone offshore Costa Rica, making the margin particularly well suited for combined land and ocean geophysical studies (Figure Chapter 1 Introduction Historically, highly destructive large magnitude (M w >7.0) underthrusting earthquakes nucleate along the shallow segment of subduction zone megathrust fault, and this region of

More information

MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes

MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes 1 MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes Figure 5.0 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust from magma that is upwelled into a pair of spreading centers. Pairs

More information