Copernicus Emergency Management Service - Mapping Manual of Operational Procedures

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1 Copernicus Emergency Management Service - Mapping Manual of Operational Procedures Guidelines for EC Services, Service Providers and Authorised Users Document prepared by the European Commission DG JRC, DG GROW, DG ECHO Version 1.3 April 2018

2 Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION WHAT DOES COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING OFFER? AN OVERVIEW OF THE SERVICES RAPID MAPPING SERVICE RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING VALIDATION COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS BASIC PRINCIPLES ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES European Commission European Space Agency (ESA) EMS Mapping Service Providers WHO ARE THE COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING USERS? Authorised Users (AU) Associated Users (ASCU) General Public Users (GPU) ACCESS TO THE RAPID MAPPING AND THE RISK & RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICES BY USERS FOR WHICH GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CAN A USER REQUEST A SERVICE? COPERNICUS EMS RAPID MAPPING (RM) SERVICE THE SERVICE WORKFLOW SERVICE REQUEST FORM (SRF) - RAPID MAPPING MODE How to prepare a SRF How to submit a SRF THE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SERVICE REQUESTS (SR) RAPID MAPPING PRODUCT DELIVERY USER FEEDBACK The Authorised User s opinion and feedback The End User s feedback PRE-TASKING OF SATELLITE IMAGES USING EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS EMS RAPID MAPPING SERVICE COPERNICUS EMS RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING (RRM) SERVICE THE SERVICE WORKFLOW SERVICE REQUEST FORM (SRF) RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE How to prepare a SRF How to submit a SRF THE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SERVICE REQUESTS (SR) RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE PRODUCT DELIVERY THE END (ASSOCIATED) USER S FEEDBACK SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS EMS RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING VALIDATION SERVICE THE SERVICE WORKFLOW FIELD SURVEY PRODUCT VALIDATION PRODUCT EVALUATION AND IMPACT ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF THE COPERNICUS EMS VALIDATION MAPPING SERVICE DATA AND DISSEMINATION POLICY OF THE COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING PRODUCTS DATA POLICY PRINCIPLES SECURITY RESTRICTIONS OUTSIDE THE EU DISSEMINATION MODALITIES Access to Mapping products Access to Image data BRANDING... 36

3 8. CONTACT POINTS RAPID MAPPING SERVICE RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE MAPPING VALIDATION SERVICE ANNEXES LIST OF AUTHORISED USERS OF COPERNICUS EMS MAPPING DEFINITION OF AREA OF INTEREST (AOI) Using the Map Coverage Planner Digitisation from Google Earth Conversion from shapefile to KML/KMZ The importance of the data reference system RAPID MAPPING SERVICE PORTFOLIO Map types, main content, production time and mode (service levels) Activation Extent Map Event types (disaster) covered Output types and formats Other technical specifications of the products Mapping guidelines RISK AND RECOVERY MAPPING SERVICE PORTFOLIO Product types, main content and delivery time Examples of Risk and Recovery Mapping products Event types (disaster) covered Output types and formats Other technical specifications of the products Reporting Mapping guidelines ACRONYMS GLOSSARY SERVICE REQUEST FORMS Service Request Form for Rapid Mapping Service Request Form for Risk and Recovery Mapping USER FEEDBACK FORMS Authorised User Feedback Form for Rapid Mapping Associated (End) User Feedback Form for Rapid Mapping Associated (End) User Feedback Form for Risk and Recovery Mapping

4 1. Introduction The European Earth Observation programme Copernicus 1 has entered in its full operational phase following the adoption of the Copernicus Regulation 2. The Emergency Management Service is one of the six Copernicus services. The service consists of two components: mapping (Copernicus EMS Mapping) and Early Warning Systems (EWS). Copernicus EMS Mapping is operational since April and will continue its operations as defined in the Copernicus Regulation. This manual of procedures details the Copernicus EMS Mapping, which is implemented as three separate service modules: The EMS Rapid Mapping; The EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping; The EMS Mapping Validation. The aim of this manual is to define and clarify the roles and responsibilities of all actors involved in the EMS Mapping service. It describes the detailed workflow for each service module, and informs all potential users on what they can obtain from the Copernicus EMS Mapping service and how. The manual builds on the first version which was drafted for the GMES Initial Operations EMS Mapping service, which is since 2013 known as Copernicus EMS Mapping. It was updated according to the specifications of the service operations that started in The manual gives an overview of the Copernicus EMS workflow. It does not replace existing legal texts (e.g. Copernicus Regulation) or terms of service contracts. The manual is organised as follows: chapter 2 gives an overview of the services offered by Copernicus EMS Mapping, during all phases of the emergency management cycle. Details and examples of products are listed in Annex (sections and 9.4.1); chapter 3 explains the organisational arrangements with the roles and the responsibilities of actors and lists the users authorised to trigger the Rapid and Risk and Recovery Mapping modules; chapters 4 and 5 describe in detail the workflow of the two Copernicus EMS Mapping modules: Rapid Mapping and Risk and Recovery Mapping; chapter 6 describes the activities of the Copernicus EMS Mapping Validation; chapter 7 describes the data and information policy for the Copernicus EMS Mapping products with the related dissemination rules; chapter 8 gives the contact points for all actors involved in the Copernicus EMS, including contact points for requesting a service, requesting information, providing feedback, etc.; chapter 9 contains the annexes (e.g. authorised users list, examples of products for the Rapid Mapping and the Risk and Recovery Mapping service, Acronyms, Glossary, Service 1 The name was adopted in 2013 for the programme that was previously known as Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES). 2 Regulation (EU) No 377/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014, establishing the Copernicus Programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No 911/ Former GIO EMS - Mapping (GIO operations ). 4

5 Request Forms, Feedback Forms). The latest versions of all forms are available on the portal emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping. Feedback forms are also available in French and Spanish. 5

6 2. What does Copernicus EMS Mapping offer? An overview of the services The Copernicus EMS Mapping service provides timely and accurate geospatial information derived from satellite remote sensing and available in-situ data. The Rapid Mapping and the Risk and Recovery Mapping services are available upon activation by authorised users in all phases of the emergency management cycle and are free of charge. The information generated by the service can be used as supplied (e.g. as digital or printed map outputs) or further combined with other data sources (e.g. as digital feature sets in a geographic information system (GIS) to support geospatial analysis and the decision-making processes of emergency managers and experts in related authorities). Figure 1 gives an overview of the products offered by Copernicus EMS Mapping. The detailed description is provided in chapters 4, 5 and Rapid Mapping service Figure 1: Overview of the Copernicus EMS Mapping services. The service consists of the on-demand and provision of geo-spatial information within hours in support to emergency management activities following an emergency event. In rapid mode, the service is based on the acquisition, processing and analysis of satellite imagery and other geospatial raster and vector data sources. The products are standardised maps and vector files with a set of parameters the user can choose when requesting the service. The user can choose between three different map types and two temporal modes defined through service levels (SL): 6

7 Map types Reference maps provide a quick updated knowledge (baseline) on the territory and assets using data prior to the disaster. The content consists in selected topographic features on the area affected by the disaster, in particular exposed assets and other available information that can assist the user in their specific emergency management tasks. A reference map is normally based on a pre-event image. In Europe, the reference maps may be generated from very high resolution ortho-imagery and spatial data sets that are available through the national mapping and cadastral agencies. Depending on the user s needs, he can request reference maps or not. Delineation maps provide an assessment of the event's geospatial extent (and of its evolution if requested). Delineation maps are derived from the first satellite images captured after the on-set of the disaster. Delineation maps include the disaster type and the delineation of the areas impacted by the disaster. Examples: burnt area map, flooded area map, earthquake impact area map, and maps depicting the extent of lava flows following a volcanic eruption. Grading maps provide an assessment of the impact or magnitude of damages caused by an event (and of its evolution if requested). Grading maps are derived from post-event satellite images. The assessment includes the extent, type and magnitude of damages specific to the event. The maps also provide relevant and up-to-date information/figures on affected population and assets, e.g. settlements, transport networks, critical infrastructure, industry and utilities. Examples: earthquake grading map with the count of the number of destroyed/damaged buildings in each cell of a regular grid. Population, roads, hospitals, shelters, gathering areas may be included. The maps can be requested individually (i.e. delineation map only) or in combination with other map types (i.e. delineation and grading). The delivery mode (service level, see below) can vary for each map. Monitoring maps: within the same activation and for a given Area-of-Interest (AOI), updates of the initial map can be requested to monitor the evolution of a disaster. Moreover, an activation can be extended with additional AOIs for newly affected areas. Service levels The user can choose between two delivery times for the above-mentioned map types. In the case of service level 1 (SL1), maps are provided within hours after delivery and quality approval of the imagery (9h for reference maps, 12h for delineation and grading maps). For service level 5 (SL5), all map types are typically provided within five working days (the delivery time of SL5 can be shortened or extended, based on the user needs). SL5 is recommended when the need for map products is not imminent (not in one or two days). SL5 maps are produced during working hours with more time than in SL1, thus enabling higher quality and certainty of the extracted information. A specific feature of SL1 is the provision of a First Available Map (FAM), which is by default provided for delineation and grading maps 3h after the delivery and quality acceptance of the imagery. A FAM provides the same content as the final product but the early delivery may lead to lower quality and higher uncertainty (lower thematic and positional accuracy, in vector and raster jpeg 200dpi only). 7

8 2.2. Risk and Recovery Mapping service This service consists of the on-demand provision of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities not related to the immediate response, i.e. not requiring rapid mapping-mode delivery. The spatial information and analysis in particular support activities related to prevention, preparedness, disaster risk reduction and reconstruction/recovery. Production of these products takes weeks or months and products contain more detailed analysis than those for rapid mapping. Given the wide variability of situations to cover, the user is able to design the request according to his needs. He can: 1) choose from a pre-defined set of detailed topographic features (in particular regarding infrastructures) and disaster risk information (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, risk). This option provides the user with a basic standard set of information products; 2) describe in free text the information needs specific to the crisis event and type of product required. This allows including a wide range of optional information layers, depending on the user needs. Three broad product types are: Reference maps provide a comprehensive and updated knowledge of the territory and relevant assets in a disaster risk reduction context. Pre-disaster situation maps provide relevant and up-to-date thematic information that supports planning for contingencies on areas vulnerable to hazards, aiming to minimise the possible impact of a disaster in loss of life and damage to assets. Examples: hazard exposure, vulnerability/resilience, risk status, evacuation plans, modelling scenarios. Post-disaster situation maps provide relevant and up-to-date thematic information on recovery needs, reconstruction planning and progress monitoring, mapping changes in vulnerability hot-spots and long-term impacts, etc. Examples: post-disaster needs assessment, recovery plans, reconstruction/rehabilitation monitoring, changes in vulnerability hot-spots, IDP monitoring, Refugee Camp monitoring Copernicus EMS Mapping Validation Copernicus EMS Mapping Validation is used for the verification of outputs produced by the Rapid Mapping and the Risk and Recovery Mapping services on sample basis, providing a valuable source of information to guide service improvement and evolution. It is usually triggered by the European Commission and it may be suggested by the Authorised Users (AU) in case of specific issues. The service makes use of three interconnected modules that can be activated ad-hoc and independently (field survey, product technical validation and product evaluation) plus a fourth one for the provision of professional profiles during meetings. The field survey (module 1, M1) aims at assessing the reliability of maps and geospatial crisis information through verification of ground conditions (in-situ as well as UAV captured data collection). The product technical validation (module 2, M2) involves all aspects related to Quality Assessment/Quality Control (e.g., logical consistency, thematic accuracy, completeness, and compliancy against standards, etc.). Product evaluation (module 3, M3) consists of assessing the impact of the products, and analysing End Users (EndU) feedback through questionnaire-based interactive interviews. 8

9 This service is carried out by an external independent entity not involved in service provision for the Rapid Mapping and the Risk and Recovery Mapping services. The main products are: Validation reports covering the activities and organising the output of the validation modules M1, M2 and M3 with completeness and technical details; Validation short reports summarizing the previous ones; Geospatial datasets supporting the analysis and conclusions presented in the reports, including surveyed data. 9

10 3. Copernicus EMS Mapping organisational arrangements This chapter addresses issues that are common to both Rapid and Risk and Recovery Mapping. It describes the roles and responsibilities of involved actors, and how the services are triggered. Details on the activation and production workflow are given in chapters 4 and Basic principles The operation of the Copernicus EMS Mapping service is based on several basic principles: Pursuant to the Copernicus Regulation (EU) 377/2014, the objective of the Emergency Management Service is to provide users (e.g. Civil Protection and humanitarian aid communities) with information for emergency response in relation to different types of disasters, including meteorological hazards (e.g. storms and floods), geophysical hazards (e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and landslides), deliberate and accidental man-made disasters and other humanitarian disasters, as well as the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery activities. As a European service, the Copernicus EMS Mapping's first priority is to serve severe and large scale national or cross-border disasters worldwide. The Copernicus EMS Mapping services can be activated by Authorised Users (AUs) only. A list of AUs (see paragraphs and 9.1) is established for the Rapid Mapping and Risk and Recovery Mapping services and continuously updated. A single interface is set up for handling user activation requests for Rapid Mapping and Risk and Recovery Mapping services. This interface is established at the Emergency Response and Coordination Centre (ERCC) / DG Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO) of the European Commission. The operations of the three EMS modules Rapid Mapping, Risk & Recovery Mapping, Validation - are managed by different service providers following procedures managed by the Commission. Under the Copernicus Regulation (EU) No 377/ and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 5, the information produced by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service shall be made available to the public on a full, open and free-ofcharge basis. However, under exceptional circumstances, dissemination restrictions may be imposed for security reasons or the protection of third party rights. (chapter 7). 4 Regulation (EU) No 377/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 establishing the Copernicus Programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No 911/ Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 911/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Earth monitoring programme (GMES) by establishing registration and licensing conditions for GMES users and defining criteria for restricting access to GMES dedicated data and GMES service information 10

11 3.2. Roles and responsibilities European Commission Pursuant to decision of the Commission regarding the Copernicus annual Work Programme, the coordination of the Copernicus EMS Mapping is entrusted to the EC. Responsibilities are shared between DG GROW (overall governance and budget provision), DG ECHO (24/7 operational coordination including interface with the users and authorisation of the activations based on predefined criteria) and DG JRC (technical coordination, management of the contracts with Service Providers for map production including monitoring and quality assurance of deliverables). DG ECHO ensures the interaction with authorised and associated users, in particular national focal points of the civil protection authorities and humanitarian aid actors, and coordinates with the other DGs and the European External Action Service (EEAS). (1) DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (GROW) DG GROW is in charge of the overall programme governance, which consists in defining the policy objectives, the high level orientation and content of the Copernicus programme, the associated budget requirements, the main organisational principles, and the overall guidelines for the programme implementation. DG GROW also coordinates funding commitments from other stakeholders. For the operations of the Copernicus programme, DG GROW regularly interacts with the EU Member States and Copernicus Participating States through the Copernicus Committee and the Security Board, and consults the user requirements through the User Forum and dedicated workshops. Together with DG JRC DG GROW is also responsible for the promotion of the service. For the specific implementation of the Copernicus EMS Mapping activities, DG GROW is liaising with DG ECHO for the policy guidance and for the interaction with users of the service. DG GROW is the managing authority who defines the service portfolio in cooperation with DG ECHO, prepares and implements the Copernicus EMS work programmes, manages dedicated budgets and supervises the implementation of service tasks. DG GROW is responsible for the preparation of administrative arrangements with entities in charge of the implementation of technical tasks, namely DG JRC for the Copernicus EMS Mapping (cross-delegation agreement) and the European Space Agency (ESA) (delegation agreement) for the coordinated access to Copernicus Contributing Missions data, including tasks of the Rapid Emergency Activation for Copernicus Tasking (REACT). (2) DG Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO) DG ECHO and its European Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) provide operational support to the Copernicus EMS Mapping. The ERCC is the 24/7/365 on-duty authority collecting and processing EMS Mapping service requests from Authorised Users. DG ECHO is the authority able to implement restrictions due to security concerns, possibly after consultation with external entities such as the EEAS (in case of mapping outside the states participating in the Union Civil Protection Mechanism). DG ECHO can reject an activation request, modify the AOI, interrupt ongoing activation, and restrict the dissemination of Copernicus EMS Mapping products. 11

12 DG ECHO is to collaborate with DG GROW for maintaining a list of users and to update the user requirements together with DG JRC and DG GROW. (3) DG Joint Research Centre (JRC) DG GROW has delegated the technical coordination of the Copernicus EMS Mapping to DG JRC. DG JRC is in charge of the contractual management of Service Providers. DG JRC is responsible for the off-line monitoring of activation requests and service workflow, and for the management of the validation contract. DG JRC hosts and maintains the secure FTP (SFTP) server and EMS web portal through which users have access to service deliverables and news items. Based on updated user requirements DG JRC together with DG GROW is responsible for the definition, maintenance and evolution of the service portfolio of Copernicus EMS Mapping. DG JRC is further responsible for the evaluation of the service including improvement proposals, analysis of the potential evolution, as well as R&D for the future of the service. DG JRC is also, together with DG GROW, responsible for the promotion of EMS European Space Agency (ESA) ESA's role is defined in the Delegation Agreement signed between the EC and the Agency. It is entrusted with the coordination of access to satellite data, including data from the Sentinel satellites and the Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCMs) that are required for the Copernicus EMS Mapping. Access to data from the CCMs is provided through the Copernicus Services Coordinated Interface (SCI 6 ). The Rapid Mapping service is authorised to submit emergency requests for imagery. Those requests are managed according to dedicated procedures executed by the Rapid Emergency Activation for Copernicus Tasking (REACT) team within the SCI. Requests for satellite images are submitted directly by the Mapping Service Providers to the mentioned interfaces EMS Mapping Service Providers The EMS Mapping Service Providers are the operating entities contracted by DG JRC to carry out specific service tasks. Their role includes finalising the service request with the AU, ordering and tasking of satellite data, the specification of final products with their delivery schedule, the processing of data, the generation and delivery of final products. Currently the service providers are as follows: Rapid Mapping consortium (all operating in 24/7 mode): o e-geos S.p.A. (lead, Italy), GAF AG (Germany), Associazione ITHACA (Italy), SIRS SAS (France), University of Strasbourg (France). Risk and Recovery Mapping Consortia: 1) Geoapikonisis (GR) in consortium with NOA, CIMA, Altamira 2) Indra Sistemas (ES) in consortium with GISAT, GeoVille, VITO 6 For more details see the Copernicus Space Component Data Access Portfolio (DAP) at 12

13 3) Airbus Defence & Space (UK) in consortium with Infoterra, Spot Image, Infoterra GmbH, SERTIT, IGN 3.3. Who are the Copernicus EMS Mapping users? Users of the Rapid Mapping are entities and organisations at regional, national, European and international level including NGOs and UN agencies. They are typically active in the field of crisis management within the EU Member States, the States participating in the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, the Commission s Directorates General (DGs) and EU Agencies, the EEAS and international humanitarian aid organisations. Authorised Users (AUs) are the only entities authorised to trigger directly the service. The rules for the dissemination of the EMS products are addressed in Chapter 7. The users of the Risk & Recovery Mapping service include the ones for the Rapid Mapping Service. They may also include other communities e.g. development cooperation, urban planning, etc Authorised Users (AU) Authorised Users are the only entities authorised to trigger the service. They do so by sending a Service Request Form (SRF) directly to the ERCC (see point iii. below for EU delegations' activations). They are usually the Focal Points acting as intermediate users between a broader user community (e.g. Associated Users) or end user and the Copernicus EMS. The Focal Points represent the necessary interface for the sub-level user category to activate the service. The AUs are informed immediately of all activation requests. In EU Member States and in most of the countries participating to the Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM), the Focal Points are nominated by the national authorities. At international level, DG ECHO-ERCC is acting as the Focal Point for international governmental and nongovernmental organisations. For the EEAS, the EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (INTCEN) is identified as the Focal Point, in particular for EU Delegations. The list of AUs (see Table 1, paragraph 9.1) is approved by the European Commission (consultation between DG ECHO Civil Protection and DG GROW Copernicus Committees). The categories of Authorised Users are as follows: i. National Focal Points (NFPs) of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism in EU Member States and Copernicus Participating States (Iceland, Norway); ii. EU services: European Commission units from DG ECHO (ERCC), DG GROW, DG HOME, DG REGIO, DG DEVCO, and others. The ERCC is also the Focal Point for DG ECHO's geographical units and Regional Offices as well as UN agencies, World Bank and international NGOs, e.g. ICRCRC/IFRCRC). DG JRC is also an AU and can trigger an activation either in normal way or for testing the service evolution. iii. The EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (INTCEN, former Situation Room) of the European External Action Service (EEAS), acting as the Focal Point for the whole EEAS, including the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) community and EU Delegations abroad. 13

14 Associated Users (ASCU) Associated Users (ASCU) are identified as potential beneficiaries target users of the Copernicus EMS Service. They are not authorised to send the Service Request Form to the ERCC directly, but they have the possibility to coordinate with and go through an AU to trigger the Copernicus EMS Mapping. The Associated Users in the EU Member States and countries participating in the Civil Protection Mechanism are nominated by their respective Focal Points. Potential and non-exclusive international Associated Users (ASCU) are: i. Local, regional and other public entities in Member States and in the other countries participating to the Civil Protection Mechanism: they can trigger the service through their respective NFPs; ii. National Non-Governmental Organisations: they may trigger the service through their respective NFPs; iii. International Governmental Organisations (e.g. UN agencies, World Bank), and National & International Non-Governmental Organisations (e.g. ICRCRC/IFRCRC): they can trigger the service through the ERCC; Entities and institutions belonging to the EEAS and conducting activities related to the CSDP, (EU Delegations, EU Intelligence Analysis Centre INTCEN, EU Satellite Centre-SatCen): they can trigger the service through the INTCEN (former Situation Room-SitRoom) General Public Users (GPU) General Public Users are any other non-public or private entity outside the AU and ASCU list, e.g. media operators, general public, value-adding companies operating in the downstream sector such as insurance, mapping, regional and local planning, as well as consultancy in risk assessment. The GPU are not authorised to trigger the service, but can be informed of an activation request and access service outputs through the web portal accessible to all, excluding activations for which security restrictions apply Access to the Rapid Mapping and the Risk & Recovery Mapping services by Users The Copernicus EMS Mapping, for both Rapid Mapping and Risk & Recovery Mapping, can be requested by Authorised Users (AU) only. Any other entity may ask to trigger the service, but only through an AU. The ERCC is also acting as the Focal Point for ASCU from International Governmental and Non-governmental Organisations. Other entities who do not know the reference of their Focal Point may ask the ERCC who will give the information. Figure 2 describes these rules in a diagram. 14

15 Figure 2: User access to the Rapid Mapping and Risk & Recovery Mapping services For which geographical area can a user request a service? The Authorised Users (NFPs and EU services) can trigger the service for any area in the world. For areas inside the EU, only the NFP can decide to activate for their own territory. For cross-border events, the ERCC may coordinate with affected states participating in the EU Civil Protection Mechanism before triggering the service. In any case, the ERCC will receive the activation request and process it before activating the service. For areas outside the EU, all AUs are authorised to place an activation. ERCC will coordinate multiple requests for activations outside the EU. Each activation request placed by an AU will be immediately subject to an authorisation decision by the European Commission (DG ECHO/ERCC). The authorisation is based on a set of 15

16 criteria that depend on the type of service (Rapid Mapping or Risk & Recovery Mapping). They are presented in chapters 4 and 5. 16

17 4. Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping (RM) service 4.1. The service workflow For detail of the Rapid Mapping portfolio, see section 9.3. The Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping service follows a standard procedure. Figure 3 describes the different steps of the service workflow. Figure 3: Workflow of the Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping service. Service steps 1. The Authorised User (AU) starts the process by filling out the Service Request Form (SRF) and sending it by to the European Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC, see Section 4.2.2), followed by a phone call to the ERCC. 2. The ERCC reviews the SRF against a set of pre-defined evaluation criteria (see Section 4.3) including sensitivity issues. If the SR is authorised, the ERCC forwards the SR to the Service Provider (SP). If the SR is not authorised, the ERCC notifies the AU about the reason. If the request is outside EU, the ERCC informs the EEAS accordingly. 3. The SP analyses the SRF and immediately derives the parameters needed for satellite tasking, contacting the AU if the information given is not sufficient. The relevant activation details and the 17

18 product specifications are registered into the Online Logging System - OLS. DG JRC, DG GROW, the EEAS and all AUs are automatically informed and kept updated about the request. 4. Based on the product specification, the SP tasks the ESA REACT mechanism. ESA REACT replies to the SP with a satellite acquisition and delivery time plan based on their consultations with satellite data providers. The satellite delivery plan is registered into the OLS. 5. Based on the satellite delivery time plan, the SP issues a product delivery plan to the AU. Any outstanding questions related to the product specification, other than those needed for satellite tasking, are resolved with the AU. 6. The SP keeps the AU informed about the progress of the request via . The satellite tasking will run in parallel, to minimise potential delays. In case the AU decides that the (revised) product plan is no longer relevant, the activation is closed. In exceptional cases the ERCC may decide to close the activation for non-eu activations, e.g. sensitivity related aspects. 7. REACT orders satellite data (from archive or new acquisitions). The SP is kept informed on progress and possible failure in acquisition (e.g. due to excessive cloud cover, technical problems) and alternatives to replace failures. The SP informs the AU on satellite tasking status. 8. Directly upon reception of the satellite data, the SP performs a data quality check. If the satellite data is found not to be compliant with the minimum required quality (e.g. due to cloud cover, image defects), REACT is to generate a new satellite acquisition and delivery plan (iteration of step 4) and the SP is to generate a new product delivery time plan is generated by the SP (iteration of step 5). There may be more than one iteration of the decision steps between the SP, REACT and the AU before accepting the product delivery plan or closing the activation (only in case of major deviations). 9. If the satellite data is compliant with the minimum required quality, the SP communicates the final product specifications and delivery schedule to the AU and starts the production. 10. SP will use the quality compliant satellite data to generate the product. The SP performs an internal quality check before delivering the products. Depending on the requested service level, products are delivered (upload on JRC SFTP) within the maximum delivery time. 11. The SP informs the AU who requested the service by about the availability of the products (including access credentials for the SFTP). 12. The products are disseminated through the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal (automatic upload from the SFTP for not sensitive activations). The products are archived by DG JRC 13. DG JRC performs an off-line technical quality check of the delivered products and informs the SP of the results, requesting a revision of the product if need be. If a new version is requested, steps are repeated. 14. After the closure the AU and End User provide feedback on the products and service received (through dedicated Feedback Forms). This feedback is needed for the continuous service improvement Service Request Form (SRF) - Rapid Mapping mode How to prepare a SRF The SRF is available in printable/editable format on the website 7 and as figure in Annex The Authorised User must have a clear idea of the location and size of the disaster for the definition of the so-called 'Area(s) Of Interest' (AOI), for which information is requested. The

19 best way to provide this information is to prepare a KML file and attach it to the SRF. In Annex 9.2, it is explained how to produce a KML file using the Map Coverage Planner or Google Earth. In case of multiple AOIs with different technical requirements (i.e. different areas covered, map types, delivery times, scales), the section Details for Area of Interest must be filled for each AOI (see duplication of this section in the SRF). The AUs are invited to check if they can share local data that may help and speed up the service, namely: Data that could be shared with the SP to help the map preparation (in hours/days); Data that could be shared with DG JRC to support the service validation (in weeks); For third countries, data/information that could be shared to check whether the area is sensitive (critical infrastructure, conflict, etc.). The SRF is a tool to help and support the AU in collecting the information relevant to the activation workflow. The AU should fill it in with as much detail as possible. The AU is encouraged to submit the SRF early even if it is filled only partially. The SP will contact the AU to clarify the missing information. The SRF contains the available options, covered by the service provision. The AU may give additional details on the disaster or the information expected/requested with respect to the products in the Comments/Further specifications section at the end of the form. The AU should consider selecting only the options relevant to the specific event, as it may lead to significant time saving How to submit a SRF The AU sends the SRF for the Rapid Mapping service to the ERCC contact point as an attachment to the ERCC functional address (echo-ercc@ec.europa.eu). The SRF is available on the main page of the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal, as either a PDF or Microsoft Word document. A call to the ERCC emergency phone number ( ) is required to initiate the service activation after the SRF has been sent by The acceptance criteria for Service Requests (SR) Rapid Mapping When the ERCC receives a Service request form (SRF), the following acceptance criteria are applied: 1) Authorised User. The ERCC checks if the requestor is in the list of Authorised Users (AU) (ref annex 9.1). If not, the requestor is invited to liaise with his Focal Point. The ERCC can also decide to activate the service as Focal Point for international organisations and for DG ECHO. 2) Completeness of the SRF. The ERCC verifies that the SRF is detailed enough to allow its review. In case the AU has indicated that dissemination restrictions or security measures should be applied, the ERCC checks the justification provided. 3) Copernicus EMS Mapping scope. The disaster event should fall into the Copernicus EMS Mapping scope in terms of relevance. The scope includes emergency situations and humanitarian crisis related to large scale natural disasters or man-made accidents, in which civil protection and humanitarian response organisations are involved or are very likely to become involved. The event's impact is typically challenging and has a serious 19

20 consequence on lives, property, environment and cultural heritage, with large areas affected, high potential or actual number of victims, widespread damage and losses, etc. For cases outside Europe, the international solidarity principle applies as the event's impact is also largely exceeding the coping capacity of local authorities and lack of up-todate geographic data hampers situational awareness and assistance efforts. EU interest in the region may justify an activation of the service outside of the EU. 4) The request requires urgent response (rapid mapping mode): the event requires urgent response to contribute to organise efficient civil protection and humanitarian aid operations. According to user requirements, the objective is to get first reference products within 9 hours, and the first delineation and/or grading maps within max 12 hours after the acquisition and quality approval of relevant satellite imagery. 5) Coordination with other emergency activations. The ERCC will check whether other international mapping initiatives have already been triggered for the event which is referenced in the SRF, in particular the International Charter - Space and Major Disasters (IC), UN activities or other relevant regional programmes (e.g. Sentinel Asia, SERVIR). In case of an already existing activation, the ERCC may interact with the relevant organisations before taking a decision. International Charter and EMS inform each other about activations and coordination between the two mechanisms is searched as much as possible. Discussions with the Charter are currently ongoing including the definition of procedures which will facilitate coordination during major international disasters. 6) The request would not harm the security interests of the Union, its Member States or international partners because of the likely use of service information for tactical or operational activities (e.g. in an existing armed conflict, because of EU military operations or a known politically, foreign policy sensitive area). The ERCC verifies the above. In case of security concerns, the ERCC may reject the activation altogether or suggest modifying the AOI for the activation. It will consult and take into consideration recommendations of the EU Intelligence Analysis Centre for activations outside the EU. It may also, if appropriate, transfer the request to the Copernicus Security service. 7) Overall number of activations: The ERCC will take into consideration the capacity of the Service Provider to cope with at least eight simultaneous activations (with a maximum number of five SL1 activations). The Service Provider informs the ERCC automatically when its capabilities are exhausted. In case of simultaneous activations the ERCC prioritizes activations. The nominal capacity of the current Service Provider is represented by any mix of maps in SL1 and SL5 according to the schema below. For both SL apply: parallel production of maximum 6 maps from VHR imagery (resolution 4m) or 10 maps from HR imagery (resolution >4m). Scenario (nb of serviceable parallel maps at VHR and HR image resolution) A B C D E F G H VHR (4m) HR (>4m) Total nb

21 8) Validation of the product relevance by the AU. After delivery of the product time delivery plan by the service provider, the AU can assess the relevance of the activation plan. If (revised) production plans are no longer relevant, the AU may stop the activation. 9) Further validation of the product relevance by the AU. The AU is alerted in case of data quality problems and consequent change of the delivery plan or product specifications Product delivery The SP updates the AU, by , on the progress of the activation, in particular on the status of products generation and on the expected delivery time. As soon as a product is ready, the SP uploads it on the service secure FTP (SFTP) site and promptly informs, by , the AU and the ERCC of the new availability. All AUs may download the product from the service secure FTP site. The products for activations which are not considered sensitive will appear on the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal 15 min after they have been uploaded to the secure FTP site. The products on the portal are accessible also to public users User feedback The Authorised User s opinion and feedback The AU may give her/his opinion during different steps of the activation: During the product specification, the AU may need to finalise service request details with the SP; After reception of the product time delivery plan. In case the AU thinks this is no longer relevant, the activation should be closed; If an alternative satellite data acquisition plan is prepared, the AU needs to review the relevance of the new timing and product specification; After reception of the products. The AU may highlight quality issues that need to be resolved (a new product will be released). The AU is requested to give a final feedback on the activation via a specific Feedback Form (AU- FF). It is available in printable/editable format on the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal (see annex 9.8). This feedback is needed for the final quality check and service evaluation The End User s feedback The End Users (EndU) are the most important beneficiaries of the mapping service, therefore their feedback is also relevant to assess and improve the quality of the service. If the EndU is different from the AU, the EndU is requested to give a final feedback on the activation by a specific feedback form (EndU-FF). It is available in printable/editable format on the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal Pre-tasking of Satellite Images using Early Warning Systems Since mid-2017 a procedure is in place which uses EFAS flood warnings to pre-task image acquisitions without an official service activation. Overall, the procedure is expected to improve timeliness of Rapid Mapping, in particular by reducing the time required for obtaining postevent imagery and by optimising the acquisition time with respect to an event s evolution (flood 21

22 peak time). It also serves raising awareness about both Rapid Mapping and EFAS in the respective user communities. The procedure is under testing and respects the responsibility of national users and EFAS partners. In the future, other early warning systems will be linked to Rapid Mapping for the same purpose. Pre-tasking is done following alerts for upcoming disasters issued by early warning systems which are either operated under CEMS or under other frameworks. Disaster impact mapping is performed under Rapid Mapping, the 24/7/365 on-demand service of CEMS. The figure below shows the workflow for the procedure. It was defined based on the experience of EFAS alerting for flood in Europe but aims at being applicable to other disaster events and early warning systems. It is limited to the steps until submission of an image tasking request to the Rapid Emergency Activation for Copernicus Tasking (REACT). Figure 4: Procedure for pre-tasking of satellite images in case of flood events Summary of the Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping service The figure below summarises the main steps involving the Authorised User (AU). 22

23 1) Service Request (SR) The AU selects a product from the Copernicus EMS Mapping portfolio. The AU prepares a SRF and submits it to the ERCC. ACTORS AU Authorised User ERCC European Emergency Response Coordination Centre SP Service Provider JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Service Request authorisation The ERCC decides on the authorisation of the request. The SP may ask AU for some SR technical clarifications. OBJECTS SRF FF Service Request Form Feedback Form 2) Product relevance The AU decides if provisory product specifications and delivery plan are relevant to him/her. The AU is informed in case of data quality problems and consequent change of the delivery plan or product specifications. 3) Product delivery The AU receives the product on a secure FTP site and uses it. 4) Feedback The AU and the End user provide feedback about the product and service quality to JRC. Figure 5: Overview of the Rapid Mapping service. 23

24 5. Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping (RRM) service 5.1. The service workflow The Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping follows a standard procedure, similar to the procedures of the Rapid Mapping service. Figure 6 describes the different steps of the service workflow. The Risk and Recovery Mapping Service Portfolio is to be found in chapter 9.4. Figure 6: Workflow of Copernicus EMS Risk & Recovery Mapping (RRM) service. 1. The Authorised User (AU), starts the process by filling out the RRM Service Request Form (SRF) and forwarding it to the European Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC, see Section 5.2.2). 2. The ERCC reviews the SRF with respect to the acceptance criteria. If the request is outside EU, the ERCC informs the EEAS accordingly. 3. If the SR is authorised by the ERCC, DG JRC performs technical feasibility examination of the request and once is positive produces technical specification for the requested product(s). DG JRC may revise the service request, in coordination with the AU, on the basis of the technical and or financial feasibility analysis. 24

25 4. The final tender documents, including technical specifications, are sent by DG JRC to three SPs, who are invited to submit their offers, under the signed Framework Contract. 5. The offers are evaluated by DG JRC. The tender is awarded to the most advantageous offer based on financial and technical merits, and a specific contract is signed. If no offers are received, or offers are judged irregular i.e. non-compliant with the technical criteria, no specific contract is awarded and the procurement procedure is closed. It may be considered opportune to revise the technical specifications and reopen the competition. 6. The selected SP has a maximum of one month (approx. 20 working days) after the signature of the specific contract to generate the products and to deliver it to the ERCC and to DG JRC. This includes ordering and receiving the image data from ESA. 7. The JRC performs a formal quality assessment of the delivered products, which may lead to the product rejection. In this case, the SP is requested to correct the product and deliver it again. 8. Once accepted, the JRC disseminates data by uploading them on the JRC SFTP and informs the AU about the availability. 9. The User is requested to give his feedback on the product and service received through the standard feedback form. 10. DG JRC will archive and disseminate the reviewed products via the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal (if the activation is not considered sensitive) Service Request Form (SRF) Risk and Recovery Mapping service How to prepare a SRF Before submitting a Service Request (SR), the Authorised User must collect all the requirements needed, i.e. make sure to have a clear idea of the situation to be analysed, e.g. the type and intensity of the event of interest, the Area Of Interest (AOI), the scenario or risk he wants to be analysed, etc. The best way to provide this information is to prepare a KML file and attach it to the SRF. Appendix 9.2 explains how to create a KML file using the Map Coverage Planner or Google Earth. Each request should correspond to a product, i.e. to the consistent thematic information set related to the emergency phase of interest, e.g. a vulnerability assessment, an evacuation plan, a monitoring of reconstruction analysis, etc. If different information sets are needed, different service requests should be submitted. Nevertheless, the product can be composed of several maps, at different scales and thematic content, required in the SRF. The AU is invited to check if he can share local data that may support the map production, namely: Data that could be shared with the SP to help the product preparation; Data that could be shared with the ERCC/JRC to help the validation of maps. The SRF is the tool to help and support the AU in collecting the information relevant to the activation workflow. The AU should follow this and fill it in as completely as possible. The SRF contains the available options. If the AU needs additional features, the AU may require them in the Comments/Further specifications section at the end of the form. The SRF is available in printable/editable format on the website and in annex (9.7.2) 25

26 How to submit a SRF The AU sends the SRF for the Risk and Recovery Mapping service as an attachment to the ERCC emergency address. The SR is handled during normal working hours The acceptance criteria for Service Requests (SR) Risk and Recovery Mapping service When the ERCC receives a SR, it applies the following acceptance criteria. 1) Authorised User. The ERCC checks if the requestor is in the list of Authorised Users (AU). If not, the requestor is invited to liaise with its Focal Point. The ERCC can also decide to activate the service, as Focal Point for international organisations and for ECHO. 2) Completeness of the SR. The ERCC verifies that the SR is detailed enough to allow its review (see paragraph 5.2). 3) Copernicus EMS Mapping scope. The purpose or product usage should fall into the Copernicus EMS Mapping scope in terms of relevance inside or outside the EU. Priorities will be on Disaster Risk Reduction, Prevention and Preparedness purposes in particular, as well as on reconstruction. Priorities will be given to Reference Maps on vulnerability hotspot in disaster prone geographical areas around the world where this information is missing. The contribution of Copernicus EMS Mapping to the production of reference maps will be coordinated by the ERCC with international players in disaster risk reduction (e.g. International organisations: UN, World Bank etc.); Monitoring of the reconstruction phase following a disaster; Situational awareness that assist in humanitarian planning; Characterisation of exposed elements or elements at risk (e.g. vulnerable population, valuable economic assets). 4) The request would not harm the security interests of the Union, its Member States or international partners because of the likely use of service information for tactical or operational activities (e.g. in an existing conflict because of EU military operations or a known politically and diplomatically sensitive area). The ERCC verifies that former is not the case. If that should be the case, the ERCC may seek the advice of the EU Intelligence Analysis Centre before taking its decision. 5) Overall number of activations: The DG JRC will take into consideration the budget situation and the remaining capacity of the service to cope with new activations within the timeframe of the Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping service Product delivery As soon as a product is ready, the SP uploads it on DG JRC's secure FTP site and informs DG JRC who will carry out a quality check. The AU and ERCC will be informed after the quality is confirmed by JRC. The AU downloads the product from the service secure FTP site. The products for activations which are not considered sensitive will appear on the Copernicus EMS Mapping portal shortly after they have been uploaded to the secure FTP. Due to the complexity and variety of the Risk and Recovery Mapping products (no standard products as in Rapid Mapping) this process is not fully automatised and ad-hoc interventions are 26

27 necessary. The products on the portal, when not sensitive, are accessible also to the general public The End (Associated) User s feedback The AU interacts with the ERCC on his own behalf or on behalf of the End User. In the Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping, the performance of the ERCC is of secondary importance with respect to the quality of the products. For this reason, the focus is on the AU and/or the End User or Associated User, who is the most important beneficiary of the mapping service. Their feedback is the most relevant in order to assess and improve the quality of the service. The AU/EndU is requested to give a final feedback on the activation by a specific feedback form (EndU-FF). It is also available in printable/editable format on the website indicated in the form itself. This feedback is taken into account in the final quality check and should arrive within 10 working days after products delivery Summary of the Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping service The next figure summarises the main steps involving the AU. 27

28 1) Service Request (SR) The AU prepares a SR detailing his needs and submits the SRF to the ERCC. The user can ask the ERCC for technical support. ACTORS AU Authorised User ERCC European Emergency Response Coordination Centre SP Service Provider(s) JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Service Request acceptability The ERCC decides on the SR acceptability. OBJECTS SR SRF FF Service Request Service Request Form Feedback Form 2) Tendering phase JRC prepares technical specification and invites three (3) SPs to submit their offers JRC chooses the best offer and awards the tender 3) Product delivery The AU receives, after quality check by JRC, the product through secure FTP and/or Copernicus EMS Mapping portal. 4) Feedback The AU and/or the End user provide feedback about the product and service quality to the JRC via the FF Figure 7: Overview of the EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping service 28

29 6. Copernicus EMS Mapping Validation service The validation service is implemented as a service contract with a service provider who is independent from any of the other EMS Mapping service contractors, to avoid potential conflict of interest The service workflow The service is normally triggered by DG JRC. When possible, selection criteria are established to ensure a balanced proportion between the two Mapping services, event type and geographic area (inside/outside the EU). Activations may also be suggested by the Authorised Users in case of specific issues and in case of the availability of surveyed data which can be used as reference during the validation process. DG JRC prepares the technical specifications for the validation of a specific product and submits them to the service provider, who, in turn, submits a technical and financial offer. If accepted, this offer leads to a specific contract to carry out a validation exercise. Service deliverables consist in validation reports (final report, annexes and short report) and geospatial deliverables produced in form of printable maps, geo-referenced maps and vector files suitable for post-processing in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Validation deliverables are made available to actors who actively contributed to a validation exercise, e.g. the service providers of the other EMS Mapping services, end-users involved in the product evaluation phase and the authorised users of the activation under validation. The short summary report is made available to Members of the Copernicus User Forum and Committee. The only restriction imposed to the recipients if Validation deliverables is to not publish any material on the web. Material will not be labelled, but the recipient will be informed accordingly. Validation results are routinely screened, communicated to RM and RRM for continuous improvement, and then archived. Some of those can be addressed in the short-term and will contribute to improvement of the current service set-up (e.g. corrective measures communicated to Mapping service providers, amendments of the current framework contracts), while others will be addressed in the long-term evolution of the service (e.g. drafting of the new framework contracts) Field survey Subject to a specific request for service, and upon wide and timely accessibility to the event areas and support from local authorities, the contractor shall perform a field survey in order to collect data with the aim of validating the geospatial information contained in the product(s) under validation. Two data collection modes are possible: Check Points data collection for thematic or positional accuracy assessments (CP); Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery collection (UAV). Main steps of the workflow: 29

30 Figure 8: Workflow of the field survey module Following the field survey, the contractor provides the data and the mission report to the JRC within a maximum of 10 days from the end of the mission. This module may be activated only for map scales between 1:50,000 and 1:2,000 (extremes included) Product validation This module aims at assessing the quality of EMS mapping products following the JRC validation protocol 8 and adapting it to the specific case. Assessing the reliability of crisis information is the core of product validation tasks. This is done through comparison with (i) reference data, e.g. ground truth, aerial imagery, satellite imagery with better resolution, etc.; (ii) other sources of crisis information; (iii) the output of a complete and accurate reprocessing of the original data. Other validation steps include assessing the consistency, readability and usability of the mapping products. The product validation module includes some of the following typical tasks: Extensive search, acquisition and processing of validation reference data or comparable sources of crisis information. Thematic accuracy assessments of delineation and grading products as well as absolute and relative positional accuracy assessments of mapping products. General reliability assessments (consistency, time gap, spatial detail, etc.). Usability of the mapping products: assessment of cartographic elements (marginalia, legend, text, metadata) correctness and appropriateness

31 Feasibility study and test of alternative mapping lay-outs, alternative crisis information and methodologies. Efficiency of the service provided such as time of delivery, costs, quality of the technical support, and frequency of update Product evaluation and impact analysis This module aims to assess the added-value (relevance) and impact provided by the product to the user's workflow. It includes: (i) comparison of the value-adding elements and weaknesses of the Copernicus EMS Mapping deliverables to alternative information publicly available and available to the user; (ii) detailed assessment of the impact of the Copernicus EMS Mapping products on the user workflow, e.g. if possible estimation of time and cost reduction (or increase) due to the availability of Copernicus EMS Mapping products, estimation of emergency support effectiveness due to the availability of Copernicus EMS Mapping products, error propagation analysis; (iii) detailed user feedback collection by interviews Summary of the Copernicus EMS Validation Mapping service The figure below summarises the main steps of the Validation service. 31

32 1) Case selection and planning The JRC, upon verification of its feasibility, selects the case. This is included in the official validation biannual plan. Submission of TS The JRC prepares the technical specifications for issuing a specific request to the validation service provider. 2) Reception of the TFO The validation SP sends an official technical and financial offer. ACTORS AU Authorised User ERCC European Emergency Response Coordination Centre SP Validation Service Provider JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission OBJECTS TS Technical specification TFO Technical and financial offer 3) Specific contract Upon successful offer evaluation a request to order is issued and a specific contract prepared for service implementation. 4) Product delivery The JRC receives the deliverables on a secure FTP site. This is checked and peer-reviewed before final acceptance. 5) Distribution of deliverables The EC distributes the deliverables to Members of the Copernicus User Forum and Committee as well as to actors who actively contributed to a validation exercise. Figure 9: Overview of the EMS Validation service. 32

33 7. Data and dissemination policy of the Copernicus EMS Mapping products 7.1. DATA POLICY PRINCIPLES Under Copernicus Regulation (EU) No 377/ and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/ , all Copernicus data, including the information produced by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service shall be made available to the public on a full, open and freeof-charge basis. However, under exceptional circumstances, dissemination restrictions may be imposed for security reasons or the protection of third party rights. Activations inside the EU are made by the Authorised Users (AU) in Member States, as well as Copernicus Participating States, Commission Services or ERCC/DG ECHO SECURITY RESTRICTIONS OUTSIDE THE EU In most cases, the Copernicus EMS - Mapping will be running without any security restriction. The Copernicus Security Board has identified four potential security issues for the Copernicus EMS - Mapping: a. Identifying sensitive activation b. Controlling access to and dissemination of Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite data c. Identifying sensitive information content within service products d. Preventing misuse of products a. Identifying sensitive activations outside of the EU The ERCC is in charge of managing the service requests and may also itself place an activation request on behalf of DG ECHO or international organisations. For each activation request, the ERCC carries out an eligibility check, including sensitivity criteria. Potential sensitivity issues may pertain to: (1) Activation requests over an area where a complex crisis is occurring with civil unrest and / or the existence of armed conflicts, threats to international or regional peace and security, or to critical infrastructures within the meaning of point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 2008/114/EC 11 in the area the Copernicus dedicated data relate to; (2) Activation requests over an area with existing or planned EU military operations. The existence of security vulnerabilities or the likely use of Copernicus dedicated data for tactical or operational activities harming the security interests of the Union, its Member States or international partners. In addition the required data for the specific activation request have to be considered with regard to: (3) the technical characteristics of the data, including spatial resolution and spectral bands; (4) the time laps between acquisition and dissemination of the data; 9 REGULATION (EU) No 377/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 3 April 2014 establishing the Copernicus Programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No 911/ COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 911/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Earth monitoring programme (GMES) by establishing registration and licensing conditions for GMES users and defining criteria for restricting access to GMES dedicated data and GMES service information 11 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection eurlex.europa.eu/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=oj:l:2008:345:0075:0082:en:pdf 33

34 These criteria are assessed by the ERCC, supported by the JRC in regard to technical specifications, and in consultation with the EU Intelligence Analysis Centre if required. If the ERCC considers an activation to be sensitive, it may reject it (and/or transfer the activation to the Copernicus Security Service), reduce the information content of the product(s), and/or restrict the dissemination. b. Controlling access to and dissemination of satellite images As said in section the European Space Agency (ESA) coordinates access to satellite imagery. Data from the Sentinel satellites can be accessed by anybody. Specific access conditions apply to data from the Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCMs). Authorised Users of EMS Mapping classify as Public Authority in the Copernicus Space data offer and can thus also get access to the imagery acquired for Mapping activations from CCM missions. Data from the CCMs are normally distributed only to the Service Provider (SP) who produces the maps on the basis of the satellite imagery. The imagery can be provided to the entity that activated the EMS service (the AU) under the following conditions: (1) no security restrictions have been expressed by the national security authority to the satellite data provider; (2) the activation is not considered as sensitive by the ERCC; (3) the AU has registered with ESA and signed the user licence. For more information it is referred to Any other case is subject to specific analysis of the ERCC, who may seek advice from DG GROW and the JRC, and EEAS for activations covering events outside the EU. c. Identifying sensitive information content within service products The application of activation criteria serves to prevent the generation of products containing sensitive information. However, during the service workflow, security concerns may arise, e.g. civil unrest following a disaster or launch of new military operations over the Area of Interest (AOI) selected for the production of the maps. The ERCC will continuously monitor all service steps, and DG GROW, the JRC and the EEAS will be kept constantly informed of the service request, on-going activation and product under generation, with the expected delivery time (for RM retrievable through the Online Logging System OLS) of the service. In case of sensitive issues, possibly after seeking advice from other EC services or the EEAS, the ERCC may (a) terminate an activation and/or transfer the activation to the Copernicus Security Service), (b) reduce the information content of the product (e.g. by blurring sensitive areas), and/or (c) restrict its dissemination. d. Preventing misuse of products Measures can be put in place to prevent the misuse of products by suspected/potential illdisposed users: (1) in the decision-making process with the ERCC rejecting the service activation; (2) at the service provision level with the restricted dissemination of products. The following principles will apply for the dissemination of EMS products: a. Non-sensitive products will be available to all users via the public EMS Mapping web portal 12, without discrimination, including general public users. This is the open dissemination regime that shall be applicable to a large majority of situations. 12 emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping 34

35 b. Sensitive products will not automatically be distributed to general public users but can be used by the AU and Institutions of the European Union in fulfillment of their operations in the field of Emergency Response and Humanitarian Action. The conditions for this specific dissemination regime shall be decided and implemented by the ERCC, possibly following recommendations from DG GROW, the AU at the origin of the activation or the EEAS. The AU triggering the service may ask a time constraint (e.g. an embargo of 3 weeks, 3 months) before the full release of the product to the public on the EMS portal. In any case, it should be noted that according to Article 16 of Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013, 'in the assessment of the sensitivity of the Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information, security interests shall be balanced against the interests of users and the environmental, societal and economic benefits of the collection, production and open dissemination of the data and information in question. The Commission shall consider, when making its security assessment, whether restrictions will be effective if similar data are in any event available from other sources' DISSEMINATION MODALITIES Access to Mapping products All Copernicus RRM and RM products are delivered through a dedicated password protected SFTP: Rapid Mapping products are delivered directly by the SP to the AU after the sensitivity check by the ERCC was performed. Risk and Recovery Mapping products are delivered by the Service Provider to DG JRC who will perform an in-depth quality control. Once the products are accepted the AU will be informed that the products are available on the SFTP. Except for sensitive activations all products are made available on the EMS Mapping portal later on. The EU Intelligence Analysis Centre is responsible for the dissemination of products to its respective Associated Users (e.g. EU Delegations). The National Focal Points (NFPs) are responsible for the dissemination of products to their local or regional authorities, according to national System of Operations SOPs. Finally, the ERCC is in charge of the distribution of products to Associated Users such as UN bodies, the World Bank and international NGOs. Products from the Mapping Validation are disseminated according to the following policy: DG GROW distributes the summary reports to Members of the Copernicus User Forum and Committee DG JRC will distribute (via SFTP) the results (summary, full report, geoinformation) on a one-to-one basis to colleagues, i.e. EMS authorised users, EMS service providers or other public or private actors who actively contributed to a validation exercise. The only restriction imposed to the recipients is to not publish any material on the web. Material will not be labelled, but the recipient will be informed accordingly. 35

36 Access to Image data As said in section the European Space Agency (ESA) coordinates access to satellite imagery. Data from the Sentinel satellites can be accessed by anybody at the Copernicus Open Access Hub ( Specific access conditions apply to data from the Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCMs). Authorised Users of EMS Mapping classify as Public Authority in the Copernicus Space data offer and can thus also get access to the imagery acquired for Mapping activations. Data from the CCMs are normally distributed only to the Service Provider (SP) who produces the maps on the basis of the satellite imagery. The imagery can be provided to the entity that activated the EMS service (the AU) under the condition that the entity has registered with ESA and signed the user license. For more information it is referred to and BRANDING The products shall be disseminated with the logo of the European Union and of the Copernicus programme. When data from the International Charter (IC) are used to produce the maps, the IC data should be accordingly referenced in the data sources section (IC data reference and logo). The placement of any other logo should be explicitly authorised in writing by the Commission. 36

37 8. Contact points 8.1. Rapid Mapping service Rapid Mapping service request and feedback forms: o echo-ercc@ec.europa.eu o (operational 24/7) o Any service request must be communicated by AND phone call Rapid Mapping feedback forms o JRC-EMS-RAPIDMAPPING@ec.europa.eu Copernicus EMS Mapping sftp (password protected): sftp.emergency.copernicus.eu Copernicus EMS Mapping portal: List of Rapid Mapping activations (catalogue) Risk and Recovery Mapping service Risk and Recovery Mapping service requests o echo-ercc@ec.europa.eu o Risk and Recovery Mapping feedback forms o JRC-EMS-RISKRECOVERYMAPPING@ec.europa.eu Copernicus EMS Mapping sftp (password protected): sftp.emergency.copernicus.eu Copernicus EMS Mapping portal: List of Risk and Recovery Mapping activations Mapping Validation service Contact point o JRC-EMS-VALIDATION@ec.europa.eu 37

38 9. Annexes 9.1. List of Authorised Users of Copernicus EMS Mapping Table 1. List of CEMS Mapping Authorised Users ID COUNTRY Authorised Users (National Focal Points, EU services) 1. Austria Federal Ministry of the Interior 2. Belgium Centre Gouvernemental de Coordination et de Crise 3. Bulgaria DG Civil Protection 4. Cyprus Centre of Operations Civil defence 5. Czech Republic Ministry of Interior - General Directorate of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic 6. Denmark Danish Emergency Management Agency 7. Estonia Information and Analysis Department of the Ministry of Interior 8. Finland Government Situation Centre 9. France Centre Opérationnel de Gestion Interministériel de Crises (C.O.G.I.C) 10. Germany Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK) 11. Greece 12. Hungary 13. Ireland 14. Italy General secretariat for Civil protection - Directorate for Emergency Planning and Response Department for International Relations - National Directorate General for Disaster Management National Directorate for Fire and Emergency Management Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento della Protezione Civile Centro Situazioni 15. Latvia Latvian State Fire and Rescue Service 16. Lithuania Ministry of Interior - Fire and Rescue Department 17. Luxembourg Ministère de l`intérieur - Administration des services de secours 18. Malta Civil Protection Department 19. Netherlands Ministry of Security and Justice National Crisis Centre (NCC) 20. Poland The National Centre for Coordination of Rescue Operations and Protection of Population/ National HQ of the State Fire Service 21. Portugal National Command for Relief Operations - National Authority for Civil Protection 22. Romania General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations 23. Slovakia Ministry of Interior - Section of the Crisis Management 24. Slovenia Ministry of Defence Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief / Notification Centre of the Republic of Slovenia 25. Spain Ministry of Interior Centro de Coordinación Operativa (CECOP) de la Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias 26. Sweden Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) 27. United Kingdom Cabinet Office Civil Contingencies Secretariat 28. Croatia National Protection and Rescue Directorate in the Civil Protection Sector 29. Iceland National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police Civil Protection Department 30. Norway Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning (DSB) 31. EC Services e.g. DG-ECHO, DG GROW, DG DEVCO, DG HOME, DG JRC 32. EU Service EEAS EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (INTCEN) 38

39 Colour Schema National Focal Point User EU Member State National Focal Point User Civil Protection Mechanism Country EC / EU Focal point User 39

40 9.2. Definition of Area of Interest (AoI) Using the Map Coverage Planner A tool tailored to support the definition of AOIs is available at The tool allows to define a rectangular AOI following the default A1 map sheet dimensions and required map scale. For detailed instructions see the help section of the tool Digitisation from Google Earth If you need to digitise the AoI to submit a SRF you can use the Google Earth free software to do so. Google Earth can be installed following the instructions on the website e.g. Open Google Earth. You can navigate to the place of the AoI typing its name, or a name of a place nearby, in the Fly to box (in the upper left part). Figure 10 - Fly to box of Google Earth to choose a place where to zoom in. You can zoom in or out using the navigation panel or using the mouse. As soon as you have the area of interest in the map window, you can choose the tool for drawing a polygon from the top of the window (see Figure 11). Figure 11 - Tool to draw polygons To draw the polygon simply left-click on the positions where you want to place the vertices, without holding the mouse down while moving. Each additional left-click adds a vertex to the polygon. If you right-click you can delete the last drawn vertex. To change the colour of the polygon click on the Style, Color tab of the Edit polygon window. Choose Outlined in the Area part of this tab to remove the inner filling colour of the polygon. 40

41 Figure 12 - Edit Polygon window. When you have finished click on the ok button of the Edit polygon window. If you want to modify an existing polygon you can right-click on it and choose Properties. When you have finished drawing you can export your AOI as a kml or kmz file. You can export the single polygon, right-clicking on it in the Places window (Figure 13, blue arrow) or, if you have more than one polygon, you can export the whole content of My Places, rightclicking on it in the Places window (Figure 13, red arrow). If your My Places lists many other polygons, or other links to materials not related to the request, it is better to save the relevant polygons individually. Save with a name that makes sense, e.g. geoname_event_aoi1.kml, where geoname is the name of the area to which the emergency event relates and event the type of emergency event (e.g. flood, forestfire, earthquake). Figure 13 - Places window of Google Earth Conversion from shapefile to KML/KMZ If you work in a GIS environment and digitise the AoI in a GIS, you may then convert it into a KML/KMZ. If you decide to do this, do the following. You can use Quantum GIS 13 free and open source software. Once you have imported the shapefile in the working environment you can right-click on it in the Layers window (Figure 14) on the file you want to export, then choose save as and from the top menu of the window that appears choose KML (Figure 15)

42 Figure 14 - Layers window in Quantum GIS. Figure 15 - Save as window of Quantum GIS. If you have ArcGIS software installed you can use the ArcGIS tool (ArcToolbox -> Conversion Tools, To KML) to convert the shapefile to KML. If you are used to work with scripts, you can use ogr2ogr of the free and open source GDAL 14 using the command ogr2ogr f KML shapefile.kml shapefile.shp The importance of the data reference system When you export the AoI from Google Earth it will be in WGS84 geographical coordinates (longitude, latitude in decimal degrees), which is readily accepted for the SRF and for the SP. Copernicus EMS Mapping products are normally provided in the (metric) UTM coordinate reference system (CRS), for the relevant UTM zone in which the emergency event AoI is/are located. If you need the Copernicus EMS Mapping products in another coordinate reference system (i.e. your national grid coordinate system) you should specify it in the SRF in the Comments/Further specifications/instructions/other information section. Note that you can convert the coordinate reference system of the vector outputs of the mapping service using the same tools as listed in the previous section (QuantumGIS, ArcGIS, GDAL). If you use your own GIS environment and if you digitise the AOI based on existing layers which are in your local coordinate reference system, the exported KML/KMZ will be in WGS84 geographical coordinates, i.e. the local CRS information is lost Rapid Mapping service portfolio The service consists in the on-demand and fast provision (hours-days) of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities immediately following an

43 emergency event. The service provision is based on the processing and analysis, in rapid mapping mode, of satellite imagery and other geo-spatial raster and vector data sources. Authorised Users (AU) only (paragraph 3.3.1) can submit a service request. If accepted, the service request leads to an activation of the service. Each Rapid Mapping service activation normally leads to the generation of one or more maps. The AU specifies the Area Of Interest (AOI) in the Service Request Form. Exceptionally large events and evolving crisis (e.g. a flood that propagates downstream) may require additional maps. During the activation, the service provider regularly reports to the AU about the activation progress and is available to give further information to the AU Map types, main content, production time and mode (service levels) The AU requests and selects one of the three map types: reference, delineation and/or grading map. A description and examples for each are provided in Table 3. All three map types may be requested in two service levels which are described in Table 2. The operational chain for both service levels is 24/7/365. Table 2. Overview of maps produced in a Rapid Mapping activation, distinction between delivery time (service level SL) and map type (FAM: First Available Map). Service level SL1 SL5 Description Is the fastest delivery, intended to provide deliverables as soon as possible. For activations which require delivery in some days, i.e. for which the map provision is not time critical. Maximum delivery time* per map type Reference Delineation Grading Standard 9h 12h 12h FAM Not available 3h 3h Standard 5 working days (can be prolonged based on the request) FAM Not available Not available Not available * time after delivery and quality acceptance of the imagery by the Rapid Mapping service provider First Available Map (FAM) In an effort to release very rapidly a first product for each delineation map and each grading map provided in service level SL1, a First Available Map (FAM), is produced with the following characteristics (with respect to the final product): - lower thematic and positional accuracy are acceptable (best effort approach); - same contents and other characteristics; - vector and raster format jpeg 200dpi only are delivered (each as soon as it is ready). FAM is accordingly a fast analysis product derived from the post-event satellite imagery. It is as close as possible, quality-wise, to the final post-event products. However, it has not undergone final quality review yet and may lack some summary information derived from the analysis. 43

44 Map TYPE Reference maps Table 3. Rapid Mapping map types: description and examples. AIM and CONTENT The aim is to provide knowledge on the territory and assets prior to the emergency as a comparative basis for post-event assessments. The content consists in selected topographic features on the area affected by the disaster, in particular exposed assets and other available information that can assist the users in their specific crisis management tasks. The reference map is usually based on the pre-event image, if available. If a preevent image is not available, the reference map will be based on the post-event image and ancillary information from other resources. Reference map produced in the activation for the Central Italy earthquake of August 2016 ([EMSR177] Norcia: Reference Map, scale 1:11,000) Delineation Delineation maps provide an assessment of the event's spatial extent (and of its 44

45 Map evolution if requested). Delineation maps are directly derived from images acquired immediately after the emergency event. When relevant, they may be combined with digital modelling and compared with archive information of similar event occurrence. Delineation maps include the event type, and the extent of affected area. Delineation map produced in the activation for Fires on Thassos Island, Greece ([EMSR180] Thassos Island: Delineation Map Monitoring 1, scale 1:50,000) Grading Map Grading maps provide an assessment of the disaster impact (and of its evolution if requested). Grading maps are directly derived from images acquired immediately after the emergency event. When relevant, they may be combined with digital modelling and compared with archive information of similar event occurrence. Grading maps include the extent, type and damage severity specific to the event. They may also provide relevant and up-to-date information that is specific to critical infrastructures, transport systems, aid and reconstruction logistics, government and community buildings, hazard exposure, displaced population. 45

46 Grading map produced in the activation for the Tropical Cyclone in Haiti ([EMSR185] Jeremie: Grading Map Monitoring 1, 1:4,000) Activation Extent Map For each activation an Activation Extent Map (one sheet) is produced with the purpose to provide a quick overview of the maps included in the activation and the production status of each. The figure below shows an example. Completed AOI(s) are represented as filled polygons (green). AOIs for which the production is currently ongoing (planned) are represented by non-filled polygons with a dashed outline. Each AOI is clearly identified (id and name) and the image that will be or was used for the map production is indicated (sensor, acquisition time). During an activation the AEM is continuously updated (multiple releases). The background of the Activation Extent Map is simple with the aim to quickly locate the AOI(s). The background may include the vector and raster layers available to the contractor or in the public domain. The licence of the background layers shall allow creation of this map and its public distribution. The Activation Extent Map is generally of small scale and should be cartographically generalized to fit its purpose. It should contain important landscape features (for example major roads, main rivers, important towns and settlements) and their labels. The features shall be represented with point, line or areal symbols allowing maximum readability of the Activation Extent Map. 46

47 Figure 16. Example for an Activation Extent Map. The legend provides information about the map production status and the images used ([EMSR174] Flood in Skopje, AEM release02 v1) Event types (disaster) covered The following emergency event types are included in the Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping: floods, forest and wild fires, earthquakes, wind storms, industrial accidents (including nuclear accidents), geophysical (e.g. tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions), humanitarian crisis (e.g. IDP and Refugee camp analysis) and other events that are considered to be covered by emergency management. Examples of these maps and their corresponding map type are the following: reference map of road network status, damage delineation or grading of road network, damage delineation or grading related to conflict, reference map of critical infrastructure and delineation or grading map of crisis situations Output types and formats Copernicus EMS Mapping products are normally provided in the (metric) UTM coordinate reference system, for the relevant UTM zone in which the emergency event AOI is/are located. By default, the product (overview map and one or more detail maps), is provided with the output types and formats described in Table 4. 47

48 Table 4: Provided output types and formats Output types a) Printable map Full colour ISO A1, or equivalent Resolution: high = 300dpi; medium = 200dpi; low = 100dpi Geospatial PDF 15 file format Metadata file b) Georeferenced map Full colour ISO A1, or equivalent Resolution: high = 300dpi; medium = 200dpi; low = 100dpi GeoTIFF 16, Georeferenced JPEG file format (with worldfile) Metadata file can be the same as for the printable map c) Vector files of all the features derived from the analysis and interpretation stage ESRI shapefiles 17 with projection file (.prj) Google Earth KML (or KMZ) format 18 Metadata file To give an example, if the AU requested a delineation map, the elements described in Table 5 will be provided. Table 5: Elements provided in case of request of a delineation map Output type Elements provided for the delineation map (a) Printable map (b) Georeferenced map and metadata (c) Vector files and metadata 3 files for the map (high, medium and low resolution) 3 files for the map (high, medium and low resolution) Metadata file* A set of vector files Metadata file Other technical specifications of the products (1) Cartographic projection, ellipsoid and geodetic datum By default, the maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic system (EPSG code: 4326). However, a different projection and geodetic system can be requested to fulfil a specific request. (2) Scale, area and accuracy thresholds for the output types

49 Table 6 shows for the various output types requirements in terms of map scale and related area coverage as well as accuracy thresholds. For each delivered product an estimate of the actually obtained positional and thematic accuracies is contained in the product. If different parts of the product have significantly different accuracy or reliability levels (e.g. due to different data sources, limitations of the processing method, limitations of the sensor), the product explicitly outlines these differences. Table 6: Scale, area and accuracy thresholds for the output types Output type Scale/area Accuracy thresholds Printable map & Georeferenced raster map format Dependent upon user requirements and size of the Area of Interest, e.g.: - Scale 1:25,000 1:500,000 covering approx ,000 km 2 - Scale 1:5,000 1:25,000 covering approx km 2 Positional accuracy: - From max 5 pixel for data of pixel size 1m - To max 1 pixel for data of pixel size 30m Thematic accuracy 19 : - >= 80% Vector files Vectors will be delivered for the overall area contained in the maps Positional accuracy: - Derived from the input data used for the analysis Thematic accuracy: - 80% (3) Relation between resolution of input data and acceptable map scales The resolution of the input imagery must fulfil two principal criteria: Analysis: the resolution of the input imagery used in the production of crisis information must always honour the requested analysis (disaster type, related level of detail, etc.). Map scales: the resolution of the input imagery used in the topographic features extraction and in the map production must comply with cartographic principles. The following table gives some examples of the range of map scales as a function of the resolution of the input data after standard orthorectification. The other cases can be derived by proportions. Table 7: Examples of resolution of input data and related map scales Resolution of input Maximum Ideal scale Minimum scale imagery scale 1m 1:2,000 1:4,000 1:20, m 1:5,000 1:10,000 1:50,000 5m 1:10,000 1:20,000 1:100,000 10m 1:20,000 1:40,000 1:200,000 15m 1:30,000 1:60,000 1:300, Russell G. Congalton and Kass Green, Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data Principles and Practices (Second edition), CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL (2009) ISBN

50 The ideal scale is defined following the guideline of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 20 based on the cartographic convention to fix the minimum readable thickness for graphic elements of a map to mm The maximum acceptable scale corresponds to the dimension of 0.5 mm for each information pixel; at a larger scale, the map resolution would become too coarse. The minimum acceptable scale is fixed to limit the density of the pixels and preserve the readability of the map. (4) Required product elements and documentation (metadata) The following elements are presented in all digital map products and in the related documentation. Map Frame: Indication of the Area Of Interest (AOI) Indication of the Area of Analysis (if it does not correspond to AOI) Contents compliant with product typology and activation request; the crisis information should have the prominent symbology North oriented by default Graticules and tick marks Background satellite image or background cartographic map according to the request Map Marginalia: Title, containing topic/event, event location and date, map type Activation identification and GLIDE number (if existing), map version Inset Maps allowing easy location of the event Cartographic Information: cartographic scale, scale bar, printing size, map resolution in DPI, north arrow, cartographic projection, ellipsoid and geodetic datum Legend area - meaning of the symbology used in the map frame with contents compliant with product typology and activation request e.g.: crisis information general information (Area of Interest, Area of Analysis including information on different accuracy or reliability levels in different parts of the map) topographic features (settlements, hydrology, transportation etc.) Summary table containing figures regarding the exposed or affected population, settlements, transportation, utilities, land use, etc. Examples are given in the Mapping Guidelines (see 9.3.6). Map information. Neutral and factual text which describes in short the event. This section contains a table with the most relevant time records: event time, activation time, crisis status time and map production time. Description of all data sources (e.g. spatial resolution and accuracy, date and time, including acknowledgement and copyrights) Map Dissemination and Publication policy, license and copyright, available formats, activation URL 20 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Specifications Standards Committee (1990). "ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Large-Scale Maps." Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 56(7):

51 Disclaimer Map Production summary Description of map production steps (image processing and classification) Estimation of the positional and thematic accuracy of reference and crisis layers Limitation of the analysis techniques Contact Names of the production and quality control entities Contact information The metadata of digital feature data sets (including imagery) that are part of the deliverables are compliant with INSPIRE 21 requirements for products generated both inside and outside the EU to ensure their smooth interoperability. (5) Topographic features Specific to each activation request, the following features are included: Hydrology: rivers, lakes, reservoirs and open water, etc. Toponyms and administrative boundaries, etc. Physiography: cliffs, contour lines and heights above sea level, etc. Land cover/use: cropland, grassland, scrub, forest, bare soil, wetlands, etc. Settlements, both formal (urban, suburban, rural, etc.) and informal (slums, IDP camps, etc.) Transport: all transport networks and related infrastructure (e.g. roads, tracks, trails, railways, bridges, harbours, airfields). Industry and Utilities: industrial facilities and power stations. Settlements, transport networks and related infrastructures, industry and utilities, altogether named assets are characterized, with the following detail: For scales 1:1,000 1:10,000: asset (e.g. building) footprints For scales 1:10,001 1:50,000: building blocks For scales 1:50,001 1:500,000: built-up areas Each element (asset footprint, building block, or built-up area) is classified according to its principal use and construction materials. (6) Exposure and consequences information Specific to each activation request, the following elements are included; (terms are explained in the glossary, section 9.6): Exposure Consequences The primary information needed in Rapid Mapping products is related to exposure and consequences, the latter in particular for human, economic and environmental impacts. 51

52 (7) Multilingual versions The language of the default version of the maps is English and it has to be always delivered. One additional EU official language version of the map (only the PDF and georeferenced raster format) can be requested at no additional cost. If doing so, at least the following elements in marginalia must be translated: title, activation identification, cartographic information, legend, table with the relevant time records, dissemination and publication and contact. The other non-translated elements of the marginalia can remain in English. The two linguistic parts must be clearly separated. Minor adaptations can be expected in the course of the service. The multilingual terms are defined and maintained in a standardised form in a database which allows automatic generation of requested language version. The multilingual support can be request for all maps except for the FAM Mapping guidelines Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping focuses on the production of individual information layers at overview and detailed scales. As far as possible, a standard set of mapping guidelines is applied to the mapping product. This also facilitates a consistent quality review process. The mapping guidelines are based on best practice, the experience gained in the operational phase since April 2012 and inputs and feedback from users. The mapping guidelines are detailed in a separate document which is available in the EU book shop under the following reference: Broglia, M., Louvrier, C., Lemoine, G.: Copernicus-EMS mapping guidelines and best practice (2013). ISBN: , DOI: /91765 Compilation of the layers provided by the Copernicus EMS Mapping services into decision oriented products (e.g. a briefing note, an evacuation plan) is left to the Authorised and Associated Users, who may want to combine with other information and are in a better position to apply contextual knowledge. 52

53 9.4. Risk and Recovery Mapping Service Portfolio The service consists in the on-demand provision of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities not related to the immediate response, in particular, information provision relating to the prevention, preparedness, disaster risk reduction and reconstruction/recovery phases. This service does not require rapid mapping mode delivery but deliverables with longer timeframes (weeks-months). Given the wide complexity of situations to handle, Risk and Recovery Mapping products will be tailored to the specific user needs, expressed while requesting the service. Only Authorised Users (AU) (chapter 3.3.1, any other user has to go through an AU) can submit a service request. If accepted, the service request leads to the activation of the service Product types, main content and delivery time Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping service is designed to allow the users to request a range of products, based on their needs. By selecting among a predefined set of information layers and by filling a free text box, the users are able to formulate a request containing all the elements relevant to their needs. The ERCC is available to assist the users in formulating and submitting their request. Each request should correspond to a product, i.e. to the consistent thematic information set related to the emergency phase of interest, e.g. an evacuation plan, a vulnerability map, a monitoring of reconstruction assessment, etc. If different information sets are needed, different service requests should be submitted. Nevertheless, the product can be composed of several maps, at different scales and thematic content, required in the Service Request Form. For each activation, three SPs under the Framework contract will be requested to offer their best technical and financial proposal to satisfy the users needs. The following table describes the three broad product types and their main characteristics. However, specific requests may deviate from these characteristics by combining elements of more than one category. The information contained in the products can be grouped in three categories: (i) topographic features; (ii) disaster risk information; (iii) tailored information related to the specific event and to the crisis management cycle phase. All Risk and Recovery Mapping products are delivered to DG JRC within 20 working days after the signature of the specific contract with the service provider. PRODUCT TYPE Reference maps AIM and CONTENT The aim is to provide comprehensive knowledge of the territory and exposed assets in disaster risk reduction contexts. The contents are (i) topographic features in areas vulnerable to hazards, in particular regarding infrastructures, (ii) disaster risk information and (iii) other available information that can help the user in their specific crisis management tasks, creating inventories of assets at risk, planning engineering and other protective measures, awareness raising campaigns etc. Examples of information contained in prevention products include: Land use zoning plans (where risk maps are used for rulings on appropriate land use, with the corresponding effects on different segments of the population or interests of a community, e.g. discouraging high-density settlements and key infrastructures in hazard-prone areas, siting of service routes for transport, power, water, sewage and other 53

54 Pre-disaster situation maps Postdisaster situation maps critical facilities) Mitigation measures (undertaken to limit the adverse consequences of hazards, e.g. physical constructions, protective structures, policies, awareness, etc.) Further combinations of the above mentioned information Pre-disaster situation mapping products provide relevant and up-to-date thematic information that can help civil protection and humanitarian aid agencies plan for contingencies on areas vulnerable to hazards, aiming to minimise loss of life and damage, e.g., preparing in advance timely response operations, organising temporary reallocation of people and property from threatened locations, and facilitating timely and effective rescue. Pre-disaster situation products are composed on the basis of (i) topographic features and (ii) disaster risk information (exposure, vulnerability, resilience, risk). In addition, (iii) specific information e.g. up-to-date imagery use and appropriate modelling play key roles in this phase. Pre-disaster situation products may need to be updated frequently. Examples of information contained in preparedness products include: Exposure of a given location to a certain hazardous event e.g. the exposure to flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions, etc. Vulnerability/resilience of urban settlements and buildings Risk status for population and assets Evacuation plans (evacuation points, assembly points, escape routes, vulnerable road infrastructure, public reception facilities, safe locations, priority evacuation areas) Estimation of possible impact of forecasted events Further combinations of the above mentioned information Post-disaster situation mapping products provide relevant and up-to-date thematic information, beyond the immediate response phase. Post-disaster situation products are composed on the basis of updated imagery, (i) topographic features, (ii) disaster risk information (exposure, vulnerability, resilience, risk). In addition, (iii) specific information e.g. recovery needs, reconstruction planning and progress monitoring, mapping long-term impact, etc is used. Recovery measures aim to re-establish the social, economic and environmental conditions of a community or geographical area to the predisaster state. Post-disaster situation products may need to be updated frequently. Examples of information contained in recovery/reconstruction products include: Exposure of a given location to a certain hazardous event (in particular for new assets) Vulnerability/resilience of urban settlements and buildings (in particular for new assets) as changed after the event. Risk status for new assets Post disaster needs assessment (detailed damage and loss assessment and estimation of recovery needs, collected in dedicated atlases) Recovery plans (mapping the measures and a schedule to re-establish the physical infrastructure of a community after a period of rehabilitation subsequent to a disaster) Reconstruction/rehabilitation monitoring (rubble clearance, progress 54

55 monitoring of new construction, rehabilitation of agricultural land) IDP monitoring (IDP camps, IDP movements) Further combinations of the above mentioned information 55

56 Examples of Risk and Recovery Mapping products Example 1: Forest fire risks assessment in Croatia (EMSN-041) The purpose of the EMSN041 activation was to generate comprehensive knowledge from predisaster situation analysis concerning forest fire risk for specific coastal areas in Croatia. The historical analysis of fire events shows that the coastal and eastern parts of Croatia suffer, mostly, from wildfire events with the most intense fires occurring along the Dalmatian coastline and islands during summer months. These fires along the Adriatic coast are mostly triggered by drought, hot and windy weather. They can have severe impacts on Croatia's tourist industry as they can cut off main roads, power supplies and threaten citizen s properties and lives. The number and intensity of the fires seem to follow the seasonal variability and there is no evidence of an increasing or decreasing trend during the period Figure 17. A subset of product concluding exposure and vulnerability of asset and population on forest fire (EMSN041). The results refer to risk assessment products like exposure, vulnerability and risk mapping. The analysis identified potentially exposed population and assets. The risk assessment was based on exposure to hazard and vulnerability of assets, road network characteristics among other variables. Estimated risk severity levels aim to establish the necessary first response and aid infrastructure. Towards adequate disaster preparedness, efficient support and informed decision making on mitigation and recovery planning. The assessment of the forest fire hazard accounts for fire intensity and land surface properties. The generation of a forest fire index layer is based on several criteria, including historical forest fires records, vegetation cover, climatological conditions and relief. The forest fire hazard product shows the hazard levels in forested and semi natural areas, as well as 56

57 certain heterogeneous agricultural areas. The urban and arable land cover classes are excluded from the forest fire hazard assessment. The exposure layer (Figure 17) was generated automatically, by overlaying the forest fire hazard layer with detailed information on population density and assets: transportation network, points of interest and land use/land cover classes. The statistics, displaying the severity of the potential impact to assets and population were also calculated and provided. List of the products delivered for 27 areas of interest (total area: 4300 km 2 ): Product 1: Forest fire exposure Product 2: Vulnerability of assets and population Product 3: Transport network vulnerability to disruption Product 4: Population and assets at risks, mitigation measures and first response information Product 5: Reference Map Product 6: Land Use/Cover Example 2: EMSN-040: Nation-wide Asset Mapping Finland The nation-wide asset mapping for Finland provides a detailed regional geospatial dataset for the quick and uncomplicated calculation of potential damages either in the preparedness phase or during the immediate response phase of crises caused by natural hazard events. The concept follows the Basic European Asset Map (BEAM) data model developed under the Copernicus precursor project SAFER (Services and Applications for Emergency Response) and extended in the FP7 project IncREO (Increasing Resilience through Earth Observation). BEAM Finland is a comprehensive dataset comprising of a set of spatialized economic indicator values and a population density value. All economic attributes are expressed in EURO/m². By using GIS methods for intersecting BEAM data with hazard intensity information and appropriate vulnerability functions quick regional estimates can be made for exposure of assets and population, damage assessments and cost/benefit analysis. The wall-to-wall map and vector dataset depicts assets for various economic categories as well as for population density (Figure 18). The data are derived by combining socioeconomic data and land use/cover data. Fourteen distinct contributing attributes for the asset mapping are provided (e.g. buildings, households, industry, agriculture, etc.). Assets information is made available not only as a cumulative layer of different types of assets (e.g. private households, industry, commerce, vehicles, agriculture, etc.), but as accessible single contributing layers as well, each of them expressing its value. 57

58 Figure 18. A subset of Basic European Assets Map version 2, wall-to-wall product created for Finland, EMSN 040. A similar product was also delivered for Germany in the frame of another Risk and Recovery Mapping activation (EMSN024). List of the products delivered for the entire country of Finland (total area: km 2 ): Product 1: BEAM v2 Asset Map for Finland, delivered as ESRI Geodatabase, including an MXD and LYR file. Product 2: Overview index map, in JPG and PDF format, 100 and 300 dpi Example 3: EMSN-034: Costal flood risk analysis for population and assets, Caparica, Setubal, Portugal EMSN034 is a pre-disaster situation analyses to provide thematic information supporting planning for contingencies on vulnerable coastal areas in the context of a European framework directive on the assessment and management of the flood risk (2007/60/EC). Area of interest consists of 14 kilometres of beaches in Costa da Caparica, 10 km south of Lisbon, and the belt of land of with width of 1,5 km, along the shore line. Earth observation data, imagery and digital elevation models, were provided by the activator ANPC (airborne) and JRC (acquired by Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)). Risk and recovery products are oriented to minimize casualties and economic impact in the case of a Tsunami event. Two sets of coastal flooding and storm surge hazards are developed. 58

59 The first is based on computing values of total sea level elevation (SLE), integrating the different components that contribute to total water level during a storm: barometric conditions, wind conditions, wave conditions and astronomical tide, plus a component of sea level rise to account for future climate change. The second approach is constructed based on the creation of a Flood Hazard Index. The four variables that compose the index are breaking wave height, beach slope, nearshore slope and presence of engineering structures. Results for five different probability scenarios ranging from frequent (corresponding to a return period of 5 years) to improbable (corresponding to a return period of 100 years) are calculated (Figure 19). Figure 19 Subset of the Flood Hazard product for population and asset, product with in several return periods created for activation in Portugal (EMSN034) This work is complemented by coastal erosion hazard analyses assessed by constructing an Erosion Hazard Index (EHI), which is composed of three variables: recent rates of shoreline change, presence and characteristics of dunes, and presence of artificial protection structures. Potential suitable locations for first response activities and access roads and evacuation routes are proposed. Mitigation, preparedness and response measures are also described and include, among the others: relocation of sensitive buildings, safe shelters, protection of sand dunes, coastal structures, information, warning and alert systems, etc. 59

60 List of the products delivered for one area of interest (total area 23km 2 ): Product 1: Reference map (pre-event, baseline, cartography) Product 2: Land Use Land Cover map (pre-event) Product 3: Coastal Flood Hazard Methodology 1 Product 4: Coastal Flood Hazard Methodology 2 Product 5: Coastal Erosion Hazard (coastal, erosion, hazard) Product 6: Coastal Flood Risk Frequent Scenario T=5 Product 7: Coastal Flood Risk Probable Scenario T=10 Product 8: Coastal Flood Risk Occasional Scenario T=25 Product 9: Coastal Flood Risk Remote Scenario T=50 Product 10: Coastal Flood Risk Improbable Scenario T=100 Product 11: Socio-Economic Vulnerability Methodology 2 Product 12: Physical Vulnerability Methodology 2 Product 13: Socio-Economic Risk Methodology 2 Product 14: Physical Risk Methodology 2 Product 15: Mitigation Measures Product 16: Evacuation routes and potential suitable locations Event types (disaster) covered Main: floods, forest and wild fires, earthquakes Others: geophysical (tsunamis, landslides, severe storms/hurricanes, volcanic eruptions), humanitarian crises, industrial and nuclear accidents, other hazards that are considered to be covered by emergency management Output types and formats Copernicus EMS Mapping products are normally provided in the (metric) UTM coordinate reference system, for the relevant UTM zone in which the emergency event AOI is/are located. By default, the product (overview map and one or more detail maps), is provided with the output types and formats described in the following Table 8. 60

61 Table 8: Provided output types and formats Output types a) Printable map Full colour ISO A1 Resolution: high = 300dpi; medium = 200dpi; low = 100dpi Geospatial PDF 22 file format Metadata file b) Georeferenced map Full colour ISO A1 Resolution: high = 300dpi; medium = 200dpi; low = 100dpi GeoTIFF 23, Georeferenced JPEG file format (with worldfile) Metadata file can be the same as for the printable map c) Vector files ESRI shapefiles 24 with projection file (.prj) Google Earth KML (or KMZ) format 25 Metadata file Additional output types and formats may be required by the users - Georeferenced maps in.tiff +.tfw format - Black and white maps (printable or georeferenced or hardcopies) - Tiled maps in ISO A3/A4 (e.g., as an atlas of sub-regions), or equivalent - Additional vector formats (e.g. GML) Other technical specifications of the products (1) Scale, area and accuracy thresholds for the output types Table 9 shows for the various output types requirements in terms of map scale and related area coverage as well as accuracy thresholds. For each delivered product, an estimate of the actually obtained geometric and thematic accuracies is required to be contained in the product. If different parts of the product have significantly different accuracy or reliability levels (e.g. due to different data sources, limitations of the processing method, limitations of the sensor, etc.), the product needs to explicitly outline these differences. Specific areas and scales can be requested. In case of availability of airborne imagery, maps up to scale 1:1,000 or even higher can be requested, depending on spatial resolution

62 Table 9: Scale, area and accuracy thresholds for the output types Output type Scale/area Accuracy thresholds Printable map & Georeferenced map Vector files Dependent upon user requirements and size of the Area of Interest Overview maps - Scale 1:25,000 1:500,000 covering an area of approx ,000 km 2 Detail maps - Scale 1:5,000 1:25,000 covering an area of approx km 2 Vectors will be delivered for the overall area contained in the maps Geometric accuracy: - From max 5 pixel for data of pixel size 1m - To max 1 pixel for data of pixel size 100m Thematic accuracy 26 : - 80% Geometric and thematic accuracy: The same as per the map in which they are included. The parts which are included in detail maps require the accuracies related to the same detail maps. (2) Relation between resolution of input data and acceptable map scales The following Table 10 gives some examples of the acceptable range of map scales according to the resolution of the input data. The other cases can be derived by proportions. Table 10: examples of resolution of input data and related acceptable map scales Resolution of input Maximum Ideal scale Minimum scale imagery scale 1m 1:2,000 1:4,000 1:20, m 1:5,000 1:10,000 1:50,000 5m 1:10,000 1:20,000 1:100,000 10m 1:20,000 1:40,000 1:200,000 15m 1:30,000 1:60,000 1:300,000 The ideal scale is defined following the guideline of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 27 based on the cartographic convention to fix the minimum readable thickness for graphic elements of a map to mm The maximum acceptable scale corresponds to the dimension of 0.5 mm for each information pixel; at a larger scale, the map resolution would become too coarse. The minimum acceptable scale is fixed to limit the density of the pixels and preserve the readability of the map. (3) Required products elements and documentation (metadata) 26 Russell G. Congalton and Kass Green, Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data Principles and Practices (Second edition), CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL (2009) ISBN American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Specifications Standards Committee (1990). "ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Large-Scale Maps." Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 56(7):

63 The metadata of digital feature data sets that are part of the deliverables are compliant with INSPIRE 28 requirements for products generated both inside and outside the EU. In addition, geographical projection information must be included in such digital feature sets. The following elements are required to be present in all the digital map products and/or in the related documentation. At least, the marked elements (*) must be contained in the map. Product usability elements Map area with indication of the Area Of Interest (*) Contents compliant with product typology and user request (*) Overview map with indication of the Area Of Interest (*) Coordinate graticules/grid (*) Background satellite image or background cartographic map according to the request Cartographic scale and printing size (*) Description of processing steps and information sources (*) Interpretation text/report (*) Acknowledgement and sources (*) The name of producer (*) Logo of Copernicus and the European Union (*) Media Used Title, containing topic/event, location, date, map type (reference, impact, damage assessment, etc.) (*) Legend (*) Projection and coordinate system (*) Eventual multilingual support (*) Responsible organization (contact information) (*) Information on license and copyrights (*) Activation and GLIDE number; product and version number. (*) Constraints related to access, use and information sharing (*) Distribution Liability statement (*) Background satellite image or background cartographic map according to the user request and depending on the licensing conditions of the input data (*) Reliability of information elements Estimation of the thematic accuracy (*) Estimation of the geometric accuracy (*) The methodology used for accuracy assessment Date of the information sources (*) Information on occlusion Information on different accuracy or reliability levels in different parts of the product (*) Semantic definition of information content (either public or ad hoc) Information on the spatial detail of information sources (*)

64 Consistency elements Relative positional consistency across different feature sets in the same product Consistency between map and legend symbols (*) Topological consistency (correct adjacency/overlapping of features, closure of polygons, connection of networks, presence of dangles, continuity of features across tiles), in particular for vector files Attributes consistency (data type compliance, value range, filling of required fields) for vector files Consistency between declared and effective representation scale (*) (4) Topographic features Specific to each activation request, the following features are included: Hydrology: rivers, lakes, reservoirs and open water, etc. Toponyms and administrative boundaries, etc. Physiography: cliffs, contours and spot heights, etc. Land cover: cropland, grassland, scrub, forest, natural vegetation, bare soil, wetlands, etc. Settlements, both formal (urban, suburban, rural, etc.) and informal (slums, IDP camps, etc). Transport: all transport networks and related infrastructure (e.g. roads, tracks, trails, railways, bridges, harbours, airfields). Industry and Utilities: industrial facilities and power stations. Settlements, transport networks and related infrastructures, industry and utilities, altogether named assets are characterized, with the following detail: For scales 1:1,000 1:10,000: asset (e.g. building) footprints For scales 1:10,001 1:50,000: building blocks For scales 1:50,001 1:500,000: built-up areas Each element (asset footprint, building block, or built-up area) is classified according to its principal use and construction materials (5) Risk information Specific to each activation request, the following elements are included; terms are explained in the glossary (paragraph 9.6): Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Resilience / coping capacity Risk Consequences The primary information needed in Risk and Recovery Mapping products is specific to hazard, exposure and risk. (6) Version and updating information 64

65 Each map deliverables will have a version number. If the map product is updated from a previous version, e.g. after quality review or external validation, the previous version number is mentioned, and information related to the updating action is provided Reporting The deliverables should also include a report summarizing the results obtained and give a brief explanation on the workflow and techniques used to derive map products Mapping guidelines Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping focuses on the production of individual information layers at overview and detailed scales. As far as possible, a standard set of mapping guidelines is applied to the mapping product. This also facilitates a consistent quality review process. The mapping guidelines are based on best practice, the experience gained in both the pre-cursor projects and the operational phase of Copernicus EMS and inputs and feedback from users. The mapping guidelines are available in the EU book shop under the following reference: Broglia, M., Louvrier, C., Lemoine, G.: Copernicus-EMS mapping guidelines and best practice (2013). ISBN: , DOI: /91765 The production of standard layers may be enhanced with additional analysis, for instance, cross-comparisons, summary statistics, decision oriented products (e.g. a briefing note, a risk plan). The user is invited to provide the other relevant information and contextual knowledge that would support such analysis. This extra information and the related analysis requirements will be integrated in the service definition and execution. Please take some minutes to look at the Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery Mapping Service Request Form (SRF) in annex Acronyms AOI Area of Interest ASCU Associated User AU Authorised User AU-FF Authorised User Feedback Form REACT Rapid Emergency Activation for Copernicus Tasking CCM Copernicus Contributing Missions CP Civil Protection CRS Coordinate Reference System DAP Data Access Portfolio DEM Digital Elevation Model DG Directorate General (of the EC) DG ECHO DG Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO) DG GROW Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs DPI Dots Per Inch EC European Commission 65

66 EEAS EMS EndU-FF EO ERCC ESA EU EUSC FAM FTP GIS GCP GIO GMES GPS GPU HR ICRC IFRC IDPs INGO INSPIRE INTCEN ISO JP(E)G JRC KML KMZ linker MIC NGO NFP OGC OLS PDF REACT SAFER SATCEN SCI European External Action Service (of the EU) Emergency Management Service of the Copernicus programme End User Feedback form Earth Observation (Remote Sensing) European Emergency Response and Coordination Centre (of DG ECHO) European Space Agency European Union European Union Satellite Centre First Available Map File Transfer Protocol Geographic Information System Ground Control Points GMES Initial Operations Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Global Positioning System General public user High Resolution (image) International Committee of the Red Cross International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Internally Displaced Persons International Non-Governmental Organization Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe European Union Intelligence Analysis Centre (former Situation Room) of the EEAS International Organization for Standardization Joint Photographic (E)xperts Group format Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Keyhole Markup Language Keyhole Markup Language, Zipped Supporting the implementation of operational GMES services in Emergency Response (Preparatory Action, European Commission) The Monitoring and Information Centre operated by DG ECHO, to become the ERCC Non-Governmental Organization National Focal Point Open Geospatial Consortium Online Logging System Portable Document Format Rapid Emergency Activation for Copernicus Tasking Services and Applications For Emergency Response (FP7 project) EU Satellite Centre Copernicus Services Coordinated Interface 66

67 SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol SP Service Provider SR Service Request SRF Service Request Form TIFF Tagged Image File Format UF User Feedback UFF User Feedback Form UTC Coordinated Universal Time UN United Nations UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training And Research UNOOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOSAT UNITAR S Operational SATtellite applications programme UN-OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs VHR Very High Resolution (image) WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984 XML extensible Mark-up Language 67

68 9.6. Glossary Accessibility An indicator of the extent to which people can travel in a given area using existing infrastructure, such as undamaged roads. If accessibility is hindered by a persistent blockage of the infrastructure it will be marked accordingly. Very high resolution satellite imagery is best suited for the extraction of this kind of information. After a disaster, key parts of the infrastructure are often rapidly cleared or repaired. Thus, accessibility is transitory information which can become obsolete very quickly over time, and may need to be updated. Affected Area The area directly or indirectly affected by the disaster. Affected Population Population living in physically affected / potentially affected / estimated extent of affected area. Calculation of affected population is dependent on an available population data set and additionally, from EO data. No further specifications about affected (in the sense of dead, injured or loss of property) are possible. Assets Critical facilities that are the primary physical structures, technical facilities and systems which are socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of a society or community, both in routine circumstances and in the extreme circumstances of an emergency. Authorised User Authorised Users are public entities active in the field of disaster management in the EU Member States, the European Civil Protection Mechanism, the Commission s Directorates General (DGs) and the participating European Agencies. Authorised Users are the only entities authorised to trigger the service, i.e. by sending a service request directly to the ERCC. Consequences 29 Consequences are the negative effects of a disaster expressed in terms of human impacts, economic and environmental impacts, and political/social impacts. (ISO 31010). Contingency (planning) A management process that analyses specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations. (UNISDR, ). Copernicus Previously known as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security - GMES, it is an EU programme aimed at developing European information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in situ (non-space) data. Damage assessment Common term used to refer to the information - extracted from EO imagery acquired immediately after the crisis by comparison with archive information - about the damages to settlements, infrastructure and/or to the environment. In this manual we use two more specific terms that refer to different aspects of the damage: delineation and grading. Data Acquisition 29 Terminology from Commission Staff Working Paper SEC(2010)1626 Risk assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management _working_document_en.pdf

69 Data acquisition refers to the supply of satellite imagery to the service provider. Due to different service level specifications and to the satellite system itself (e.g. agility), the timeliness of data delivery to the service can vary between different data providers. This makes it difficult to indicate an average time of product delivery. Delineation Map Derived from post-event satellite imagery, it is a Rapid Mapping product that provides an assessment of the event impact and extent (and of its evolution if requested) and includes the event type. It is delivered by the Service Provider. The overall target production time is 12 hours after satellite data reception. Delivery Time The time between the triggering of the Risk and Recovery Mapping service and the provision of the final product to the user. It strongly depends on the time needed for satellite data acquisition. Detailed Damage Assessment Detailed damage assessment is an in-depth analysis of the damage to settlements, infrastructure or the environment. This product is provided in the recovery phase after a disaster, typically in Risk and Recovery Mapping. Disaster-prone Area Describes an area that may be affected by a disaster in future, based either on historical record about past events, or by means of modelling / simulation. Disaster Risk Reduction The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. (UNISDR, ). End User The most important beneficiary of the mapping service, the one who actually uses the product. ERCC The ERCC Emergency Response Coordination Centre operated by DG ECHO of the European Commission in Brussels, is the operational heart of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism with a genuine 24/7 capacity. The ERCC is the successor of MIC. Evacuation plan Risk management strategy for preparedness, developed prior to an emergency, to be used to mitigate the effects of an emergency or disaster on a community. Exposure 28 People, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses. (UNISDR, ). Physical assets are characterized (type of asset, principal use, age, construction materials, etc.), assessing their vulnerability/fragility and economic value. If the geographic distribution of the population is available, also human exposure can be assessed. External Validation On-demand verification of a sample of service outputs produced by the Rapid Mapping and the Risk and Recovery Mapping, and includes external quality control, validation of thematic information content and comparison to alternative information sources related to the emergency context. Georeferencing The practice of aligning geographic data to a known coordinate system so that it can be viewed, queried, and analysed in relation to other geographic data. GIO (GMES Initial Operations) 69

70 Initial operational phase following the adoption of the Regulation on GMES Earth Monitoring programme. It was replaced in 2014 by the Copernicus operations. Glide Number A globally common unique identifier number for a disaster (GLobal IDEntifier number; GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) Former name of the EU-led programme for the establishment of European services in support to environment and security policies. In 2013 the programme was renamed in Copernicus. Grading Map Derived from post-event satellite imagery, it is a Rapid Mapping product that provides an assessment of the damage grade (and of its evolution, if requested) and includes the extent, type and damage grade specific to the event. It is delivered by the Service Provider. The overall target delivery time is 12 hours after satellite data reception. Hazard 28 A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. In technical settings, hazards are described quantitatively by the likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for different areas, as determined from historical data or scientific analysis. (UNISDR, ). In situ Information acquired through non-space means, either gathered directly on the field, or through other sources such as airplanes, balloons and buoys. JRC The Joint Research Centre is the scientific and technical arm of the European Commission. It provides the scientific advice and technical know-how to support a wide range of EU policies. Land Cover/Land Use Land cover and land use data describe the surface coverage or the purpose or function of a portion of land, respectively, and can be used as background information in geographic reference products. For Europe, the CORINE dataset is used as the default; for the rest of the world, basic land cover is utilised, and can additionally be customised, by agreement with the service Focal Point and the Service Provider. Global land cover data is used in overview maps. MIC MIC has been replaced by the ERCC (DG ECHO) Mitigation Mitigation refers to the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. The adverse impacts of hazards often cannot be prevented fully, but their scale or severity can be substantially lessened by various strategies and actions. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. (UNISDR, ). Monitoring Recurrent observations of a crisis situation. In rapid mapping mode it can be obtained by requesting several subsequent products. Optical Satellite Data Optical remote sensing makes use of visible, near infrared and short-wave infrared sensors to form images of the earth s surface by detecting the reflected solar radiation. Orthorectification The process of correcting the geometry of an image so that it appears as though each pixel was acquired from a position vertically above the target area. Orthorectification uses 70

71 elevation data and ground control points (GCPs) to correct terrain distortion in aerial or satellite imagery. Spatial (ground) resolution Measure of how closely lines can be resolved in an image. The spatial resolution is measured by the ground sample distance of an image and depends on properties of the system creating the image, i.e. on the payload sensor characteristics. Post-disaster situation map Derived from post-event satellite imagery, it is a Risk and Recovery Mapping product that provides relevant and up-to-date thematic information, beyond the immediate response phase and it is delivered within 20 working days after the signature of the specific contract for the work related to the request received from the Authorised User, or as otherwise specified in the specific contract. Pre-disaster situation map Derived from post-event satellite imagery, it is a Risk and Recovery Mapping mode product that provides relevant and up-to-date thematic information that can help civil protection and humanitarian aid agencies plan for contingencies on areas vulnerable to hazards, aiming to minimise loss of life and damage. It is delivered within 20 working days after the signature of the specific contract for the work related to the request received from the Authorised User, or as otherwise specified in the specific contract. Preparedness The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organisations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. (UNISDR, ). Prevention The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. (UNISDR, ). Product delivery The provision of the satellite imagery derived products from the SP to the users who requested them. Product dissemination The provision of the satellite imagery derived products from the EC that makes them available to the community through dedicated websites. Radar satellite data Radar is an active remote sensing system, which means that it provides its own source of energy to produce an image. It therefore does not require sunlight (as do optical systems) and data can be acquired either by day or by night. Furthermore, due to the specific wavelength of radar, cloud cover can be penetrated without any effect on the imagery. Rapid Mapping products The maps available in rapid mapping mode are: reference maps, delineation maps, grading maps. Rapid Mapping On-demand and fast provision (hours-days) of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities immediately following an emergency event. The service provision is based on the processing and analysis, in rapid mapping mode, of satellite imagery and other geo-spatial raster and vector data sources. Raster data A raster data set is, in essence, any type of digital image representation as a regular grid of picture elements (pixels), which may have an associated spatial and spectral dimension. Raw data 71

72 The term raw data refers to satellite data streams received at the downlink station which have not yet been processed (georeferenced and orthorectified), or transformed in order to perform the thematic analysis needed for map production. Reference Map Product available in both Rapid Mapping and Risk and Recovery Mapping. As Rapid Mapping product, it is normally based on the pre-event image and it provides knowledge on the territory and assets prior to the emergency. It is delivered by the Service Provider. The target delivery time is 9 hours after satellite data reception. The content consists in selected topographic features on the area affected by the disaster, in particular exposed assets and other available information that can assist the user in their specific crisis management tasks. As Risk and Recovery Mapping product, it provides comprehensive knowledge of the territory and assets in disaster risk reduction contexts and it is delivered within 20 working days after the signature of the specific contract for the work related to the request received from the Authorised User, or as otherwise specified in the specific contract. Response The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Risk (**) A combination of the consequences of an event (hazard) and the associated likelihood/probability of its occurrence. (ISO 31010). Risk and Recovery Mapping The on-demand provision (weeks-months) of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities not related to the immediate response, i.e. not requiring rapid mapping-mode delivery; in particular, information provision relates to the prevention, preparedness and reconstruction/recovery phases. Risk and Recovery Mapping products Given the wide complexity of situations to manage, they will be tailored to the specific user needs, as expressed in the service request form. The Risk and Recovery Mapping products are Reference maps, Pre-disaster situation maps and Post-disaster situation maps. Service activation If the service request of the AU is accepted, the ERCC opens an activation in order to provide the requested products. Service Provider The entity in charge of the production and provision of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities in Rapid Mapping and Risk and Recovery Mapping. Service Request Request made by an AU to the Copernicus EMS Mapping focal point (the ERCC) for the provision of geo-spatial information in support to emergency management activities User feedback The users are requested to give their opinion on the Copernicus EMS Mapping service and products. In particular, in the Rapid Mapping mode, two specific feedback forms are available: one for authorised users and the other for end users, while in the Risk and Recovery Mapping, only the feedback form for end users is available. Vector data A coordinate-based data model that represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons. Vulnerability The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. 72

73 9.7. Service Request Forms The Service Request Forms (SRF) for the two Mapping modules are provided on the following pages (see colour code to distinguish SRF for RM from the one for RRM). Both can be accessed on the portal The SRF collects information in two main sections. In the first section, information on the activation request in general is collected, namely about the activating user (institution), details on the disaster, and other involved rapid mapping services. The second section aims at collecting the user s needs in terms of products. The main difference between both SRF is in the second section. For RRM activations the user can describe in general his needs (description of the required analysis and expected outputs). Instead, for RM the user needs to provide as much as details for each area of interest for which he requires maps. Accordingly, section two needs to be filled for each area of interest of RM activations. Some of the elements in section two are optional. However, the more information the user provides in the SRF, the easier an activation can be handled by both ERCC and in particular the service provider. The SRF for RM is shown on the following five pages. 73

74 Service Request Form for Rapid Mapping 74

75 75

76 76

77 77

78 Service Request Form for Risk and Recovery Mapping 78

79 79

80 80

81 9.8. User Feedback Forms User feedback forms are available in three languages: English, Spanish and French on the CEMS Mapping portal. In the following are presented (in order of appearance): Authorised User Feedback Form (AU-FF) for Rapid Mapping Associated (End) User Feedback Form (EndU-FF) for Rapid Mapping Associated (End) User Feedback Form (EndU-FF) for Risk and Recovery Mapping 81

82 Authorised User Feedback Form for Rapid Mapping 82

83 83

84 Associated (End) User Feedback Form for Rapid Mapping 84

85 85

86 86

87 Associated (End) User Feedback Form for Risk and Recovery Mapping 87

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