A Conceptual Model for Submarine Feature Description and Generalisation in Nautical Chart Production

Transcription

1 A Conceptual Model for Submarine Feature Description and Generalisation in Nautical Chart Production Jingya YAN Naval Academy Research Institute Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University October 26, 2012 Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction Nautical Chart Objectives 2 Related Works Classification in the geographical domain Ontology 3 An Ontology of Submarine Features Organisation of the ontology PDO of Cartographic Representation 4 Conclusions and Perspectives Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

3 Introduction Nautical Chart Nautical Chart Figure: Nautical Chart 1 Safety and efficiency of navigation 2 Select terrain features relevant to navigation 3 Spatial and semantic attributes relevant to generalisation 4 Ontology: Organize geographic information Formalizes topology and mereology relations of geographic objects Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

4 Objectives Introduction Objectives Define an ontology of submarine features with their main properties at two levels. Domain ontology of the submarine relief Feature classification Based on spatial and semantic attributes Representation ontology Describe bathymetric entities Formalize representation of nautical chart Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

5 Related Works Classification in the geographical domain Classification in the geographical domain Problem of terrain classification Formal specifications for the purpose of communication within a community Digitised representation Existing work: Core reference ontology about landforms IGN-E in Spain and Ordnance Survey in the UK These ontologies do not extend to maritime domain. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Standardization of Undersea Feature Names Standard for communication purpose Terminology for undersea features Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

6 Related Works Ontology Ontology Levels Top-level ontologies: General concepts Morphometric features and topological relations Domain ontologies: Vocabulary related to a generic domain Submarine features Task ontologies: A task or activity Navigation Application ontologies: A specific application Representation and Generalisation process of nautical chart Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

7 Related Works Ontology Ontology Levels Top-level ontologies: General concepts Morphometric features and topological relations Domain ontologies: Vocabulary related to a generic domain Submarine features Task ontologies: A task or activity Navigation Application ontologies: A specific application Representation and Generalisation process of nautical chart Fonseca introduced a five universe paradigm and a multiple-ontology approach. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

8 An Ontology of Submarine Features Organisation of the ontology Organisation of the ontology Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

9 An Ontology of Submarine Features Properties and relationships(mereological, topological, taxonomical) characterising each of the 46 features (IHO) are identified. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

10 An Ontology of Submarine Features Properties and relationships(mereological, topological, taxonomical) characterising each of the 46 features (IHO) are identified. Extracting keywords corresponding to feature characteristics. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

11 An Ontology of Submarine Features Properties and relationships(mereological, topological, taxonomical) characterising each of the 46 features (IHO) are identified. Extracting keywords corresponding to feature characteristics. Organise into different classes and relationships. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

12 An Ontology of Submarine Features Properties and relationships(mereological, topological, taxonomical) characterising each of the 46 features (IHO) are identified. Extracting keywords corresponding to feature characteristics. Organise into different classes and relationships. Classes defining submarine features form a hierarchy of classes. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

13 An Ontology of Submarine Features Properties and relationships(mereological, topological, taxonomical) characterising each of the 46 features (IHO) are identified. Extracting keywords corresponding to feature characteristics. Organise into different classes and relationships. Classes defining submarine features form a hierarchy of classes. Properties composing each feature are formally defined in separate classes by their instances. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

14 An Ontology of Submarine Features Concepts Definitions Concepts: Composition:rock, sand, volcanic and so on. Depth levels: 9 classes with spatial relationships. Morphometric features: peak, pit, ridge, channel, pass, plane. Shape values: description of the feature shape. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

15 An Ontology of Submarine Features Concepts Definitions Concepts: Composition:rock, sand, volcanic and so on. Depth levels: 9 classes with spatial relationships. Morphometric features: peak, pit, ridge, channel, pass, plane. Shape values: description of the feature shape. Properties and relationships: Spatial relationships: contains, iscontainedby, isdisjointfrom and touch. Data properties: edge location, height of features and hazard. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

16 Depth Levels An Ontology of Submarine Features Each undersea feature is located in a specific part of the seafloor and can be classified accordingly. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

17 Depth Levels An Ontology of Submarine Features Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

18 Depth Levels An Ontology of Submarine Features Each undersea feature is located in a specific part of the seafloor and can be classified accordingly. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

19 Depth Levels An Ontology of Submarine Features Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

20 Shape Values (1) An Ontology of Submarine Features Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

21 Shape Values (1) An Ontology of Submarine Features Shape value extend from Morphometric features. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

22 Shape Values (2) An Ontology of Submarine Features Horizontal profile: Ratio between the length and width of the feature base Equidimensional and elongated Relative spatial extent: Ratio between feature height and spatial extent Large and small Vertical Profile: Elevation of the feature with regard to its neighbourhood. Eminence feature is higher than its surrounding. Depression feature is lower than its surrounding. Slope feature is an inclined plane. Horizontal plane Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

23 Shape Values (3) An Ontology of Submarine Features Tip type: top and bottom shapes of features. Area tip type: Line tip type (a: top and bottom line; b: ring): Point features: left picture is round peak and right is sharp peak: Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

24 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Each feature of the IHO document is associated to one class. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

25 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Each feature of the IHO document is associated to one class. Less precise classes are built on top of concepts sharing common properties in a bottom up approach. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

26 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Each feature of the IHO document is associated to one class. Less precise classes are built on top of concepts sharing common properties in a bottom up approach. A taxonomy of the terrain Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

27 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Each feature of the IHO document is associated to one class. Less precise classes are built on top of concepts sharing common properties in a bottom up approach. A taxonomy of the terrain Taxonomy, mereologic and topologic relations Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

28 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Each feature of the IHO document is associated to one class. Less precise classes are built on top of concepts sharing common properties in a bottom up approach. A taxonomy of the terrain Taxonomy, mereologic and topologic relations Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

29 An Ontology of Submarine Features Undersea Feature Terms Definitions Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

30 An Ontology of Submarine Features Cartographic Objects Definitions (1) PDO of Cartographic Representation Chart: scale,location, name, publication date and so on. Isobathymetric line: Joining points of equal depth Not regular vertical intervals Topological relationships (adjacency, inclusion) Sounding is a depth point. Prime soundings Limiting depth soundings Background sounding Deep sounding, fill sounding and supportive sounding Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

31 An Ontology of Submarine Features Cartographic Objects Definitions (2) PDO of Cartographic Representation Features Morphometric feature class: Representation of isobathymetric lines and soundings Depression class, eminence class, pass class and plane class Spatial relationships: contain, equal, cross, disjoint, overlap and touch. Critical lines: Connects critical points Perpendicular to isobathymetric lines Morphometric Area: Smooth area, rough area, and hazard area Density of soundings, vertical interval of isobaths Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

32 Conclusions Conclusions and Perspectives An ontology for submarine feature description and generalisation in nautical chart. Extraction and modelisation of knowledge from standards established by the IHO and experts of French hydrography. Formalise the geographical and cartographical objects. Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

33 Conclusions Conclusions and Perspectives An ontology for submarine feature description and generalisation in nautical chart. Extraction and modelisation of knowledge from standards established by the IHO and experts of French hydrography. Formalise the geographical and cartographical objects. ADO: Subject ontology Submarine relief ontology Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

34 Conclusions Conclusions and Perspectives An ontology for submarine feature description and generalisation in nautical chart. Extraction and modelisation of knowledge from standards established by the IHO and experts of French hydrography. Formalise the geographical and cartographical objects. ADO: Subject ontology Submarine relief ontology PDO: Method ontology Cartographic representation ontology Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

35 Perspectives Conclusions and Perspectives Generalisation process ontology Method ontology in the PDO Generalisation operators and rules Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

36 Perspectives Conclusions and Perspectives Generalisation process ontology Method ontology in the PDO Generalisation operators and rules An ontology-driven generalisation system Data structure, generalisation algorithm Nautical chart generalisation Common GIS applications Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19

37 Conclusions and Perspectives Thank you! Jingya YAN(IRENav, PolyU) Conceptual model for submarine feature description October 26, / 19