2017 Mid-Term Exam Study Guide Canadian Geography 1202

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2017 Mid-Term Exam Study Guide Canadian Geography 1202 OVERVIEW OF COURSE: https://www.k12pl.nl.ca/curriculum/10-12/social-studies/can-geog-1202/program-overview.

1 2017 Mid-Term Exam Study Guide Canadian Geography 1202 OVERVIEW OF COURSE: UNIT 1 Natural and Human Systems UNIT 2 Human Population Issues in Canadian Geography (Part 1) REVIEW OF SYSTEMS THINKING WHAT LACK OF SYSTEMS THINKING IS? It is not infrequent when you will find people giving more importance and attention to the 'parts' that they alone are concerned with, while not realizing that their 'part' is indeed a part of a larger system. See cartoon below. The perils of failing to adopt a 'systems view' in this case are obvious. The boat will sink, inevitably. What is Systems Thinking? (Read text page 69) Systems Thinking is the belief that the different parts that make up a system can best be understood by looking at them in relation to each other and to other systems, rather than in isolation. SYSTEMS THINKING HELPS US UNDERSTAND HOW NATURAL AND HUMAN SYSTEMS INTERRELATE AND INFLUENCE EACH OTHER. To simply ignore these interactions or to dismiss the impacts of human behaviours is irresponsible and not in keeping with systems thinking. 1

2 UNIT 1 NATURAL AND HUMAN SYSTEMS TERMS Natural Systems BLAH Biosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Human Systems CITEE Communication Infrastructure Transportation Energy Economic Explain how systems thinking may be used to understand interactions between natural systems and human systems? System Thinking Sustainable Climate Vegetation Water Soil Ecological Foot Print FOCUS YOUR STUDIES ON YOUR TEXT ENCOUNTER CANADA TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES SYSTEMS THINKING HELPS US UNDERSTAND HOW NATURAL AND HUMAN SYSTEMS INTERRELATE AND INFLUENCE EACH OTHER. QUESTIONS/UNDERSTANDING Identify and describe each natural system? Using a specific example, explain how natural systems interact with one another? Given a natural event, describe its impact on all natural systems? For example how has Hurricane Sandy (2012) impacted natural systems? NATURAL SYSTEMS INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER AND ARE INTERDEPENDENT. Identify and describe each human system? HUMANS HAVE DEVELOPED SYSTEMS TO MEET OUR NEEDS AND WANTS. How does human activity influence natural systems? How can humans meet their needs and wants in a sustainable way? Identify and describe the interactions between human and natural systems? Identify and describe the causes and consequences of interactions between human and natural systems? Understand how climatic systems work, what causes weather and how they impact human systems. What influence would a particular action have on natural systems? What influence would the same action have on humans systems? 2

3 UNIT 1 NATURAL AND HUMAN SYSTEMS TERMS Ecozones Natural Features (land forms, water forms, climate, soil, vegetation, wildlife) TEXT ENCOUNTER CANADA TEXT PAGES UNDERSTANDINGS/NOTES/QUESTIONS CANADA CONTAINS MANY DIVERSE ECOZONES. Ecozones are multi-factor regions and can be described in terms of natural features and sometimes include human features. Human Features (infrastructure) Ecosystems Transition Zone Terrestrial Marine Montane Cordillera Prairie Boreal Shield Mixedwood Plains Southern Arctic Ecozones are a function of varied interactions among factors such as climate, soil, vegetation and water. Ecozones vary in terms of biodiversity; and contain a variety of ecosystems and have boundaries and transitional areas. TEXT PAGES Canada contains 20 ecozones: (15 terrestrial and 5 marine) What are the main features of each ecozone? How is each ecozone similar to and different from each other? Why might all ecozones be equally important? Which ecozone do you live? What are the benefits and challenges of living in each ecozone? Atlantic Needs Wants Human activity includes resource use, settlement, communication, transportation and recreation. Stakeholders Sustainability TEXT PAGES NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES SOMETIMES RESULT FROM HUMAN- ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION. THEREFORE, INDIVIDUUALS MUST ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY AND WORK TO MINIMIZE ADVERS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT. How do humans use resources to meet their needs and wants? How do ecozones influence human activity? How does human activity affect ecozones? How do we know the influence that human activity has on an ecozone? Are there examples of better of better ways for humans to continue to meet their needs and wants while having a smaller ecological footprint? Explain. Why do some individuals make more environmentally conscientious decisions than others? What policies should governments enact to help create a more sustainable future? Should individuals be held accountable for making choices that have highly negative environmental consequences? Explain 3

4 UNIT 2.1 HUMAN POPULATION ISSUES IN CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY TERMS Demography Natural Change Natural Increase Natural Decrease Net Migration Actual Change (AC) Population Pyramids TEXT ENCOUNTER CANADA TEXT PAGES UNDERSTANDINGS/ NOTES/QUESTIONS Stationary Population Pyramid Low Birth Rate = narrow base Low Death Rate = broadening top Longer Life Expectancy = wider top Contracting Population Pyramid UNDERSTANDINGS/NOTES/QUESTIONS Demography is the numerical study of the characteristics, trends and issues of population. Natural Change = Births - Deaths Natural Increase = More Births than Deaths Natural Decrease = More Deaths than Births Net Migration = Immigration - Emigration AC = (Births + Immigrants) (Deaths+ Emigrants) Expanding Population Pyramids Very High Birth Rate = broad base Very High Death Rate = sharp taper Short Life Expectancy = narrow top Low Birth Rate = even narrower base Low Death Rate = broad top Longer Life Expectancy = wider top High Birth Rate = broad base High Death Rate = thicker middle Slightly longer Life Expectancy = widening top 4

5 Population Population Density Population Distribution Migration Immigration (In-migration) Emigration (Out-migration) TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGES Demographic information is important because it is used to identify trends and issues that will affect Canadians. Identify ways in which various human and natural systems, such as economic, infrastructure, transportation, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere might be affected by changes in population? Canada s population has increased and has become more diverse over time. This has had consequences for both natural and human systems. Why do people migrate? Know the tipping/turning points of how Canada was first populated and how that has changed over time. Start with indigenous peoples, trans Atlantic migration ( ), and immigration since This knowledge needs to be brief and should briefly highlight when and who came, why they came and where they settled. Who lived in Canada at various points in its history? What are some of the pushpull factors related to the peopling of Canada? What were some of the common characteristics of each major settlement pattern? What has been the effect of each successive wave of migration to Canada? How has settlement impacted Natural and Human systems such as infrastructure needs, economic needs, interactions with other groups, settlement patterns, and effects on lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere at various times? What impact does increased migration have on natural and human systems? Canada has a complex population dynamic that will pose challenges and opportunities in the future. 5

6 Issues Analysis Model Refugees TEXT PAGES TEXT PAGE 69 Issues from this section of Unit 2 include: Canada s graying population (aging population) Canada s declining birth rate Canada has a shortage of workers in particular sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) Arrival of refugees to Canada Canada s population distribution Consider the impact that these issues have on the Natural and Human systems of Canada and what this may mean for future generations. An Issues Analysis Model examines an issue using the following criteria. 1.) Describe the issue, including who is affected, and how they are affected 2.) Identify the factors causing the issue 3.) Identify the consequences 4.) Propose possible responses 5.) Establish criteria as a basis for assessing possible responses 6.) Evaluate possible responses in light of criteria established in step five above, identifying strengths and limitations 7.) Identify a preferred response based on criteria 6

Canadian Geography Final Exam Review (September to Mid-term Exam)

Canadian Geography Final Exam Review (September to Mid-term Exam) Canadian Geography 1202 - Final Exam Review (September to Mid-term Exam) Glossary Terms: Some of the following terms may be covered in the questions that follow. System Natural System Ecosystem Human System