Exercise on Using Census Data UCSB, July 2006

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1 Exercise on Using Census Data UCSB, July 2006 Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with Census Bureau data. Second, we will learn how to join tables which allows you to add data to the attribute file. After doing this exercise you will understand how to obtain data and add it to your GIS project. Things to know The census collects different kinds of data. Some data is collected from everybody: Summary File 1, (SF1), and some from a sample, Summary File 3 or 4. SF1 is from the Short Form, SF3 or 4 is from the Long Form. Using The US Census Bureau Click on United States Census You will see a page called Your Gateway to Census Click on the words street address next to a picture of a road sign. 2. Type in the address: 33 Gilmer St., Atlanta, GA, (GSU s address). Click Go. 3. You will get a box containing geographies. These are various scaled geographical enumeration units. Select block group 1 and click the button that says map it. Examine the map. 4. What Census Tract is this block group in? What is the distance across this map in Km? Save this map by right-clicking. Call it BlockGroup.gif Census Tract # Distance across map (Km)

2 5. Close this window and generate a map for place: Atlanta City (you may have to scroll down to see this option). Now we will examine data for all of Atlanta. Click Map It and generate a map of Atlanta. What is the distance across this map (Km) 6. Close the map. With place: Atlanta City still selected click OK. Scroll down to Quick Tables and Demographic Profiles. Select DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics What is the total population of Atlanta: What age group contains the highest percent of the population: What percent adults live in households with non-relatives (often a measure of the gay population): 7. Click the back button 8. Now select the table for QT-P3 Race, Hispanic or Latino: What percent of Atlanta identified themselves as being one race: What were the percentages for white, black/african American, Asian: What was the percent Hispanic/Latino: 9. Now click the back button and we ll make some maps. Under Thematic Maps make maps of: --Percent mobile homes, Atlanta. Save as MobileHomes.gif 10. If you have extra time, investigate the census data for your own street address. What is the name of your area? What is the racial breakdown? How does the income vary? Procedure Using ArcGIS with Census Data 1. Using ArcCatalog copy the ga_counties_project data from /Data/Census/ directory to your directory. ArcCatalog copies not only the actual.shp file but its associated files 2. Open ArcMap and add the Georgia county data. 3. Right click on the ga_counties_project layer and Open Attribute Table. Notice the

3 FIPS column. What does it show? How many counties in Georgia? Are there any attribute fields for income data? 4. Let s symbolize the map to show number of mobile homes. In the Layer Properties under the Symbology tab, select Quantities Graduated Colors. For Value choose MOBILEHOME and Normalize by AREA. Why? Choropleth maps always show rates or areal densities. Never show totals in a choropleth map (MM p. 212). Mobile Homes per square mile (natural breaks). Concept: classification of statistical data is a powerful tool of analysis. When done correctly it can reveal patterns in the data. If done poorly it can obscure them, or worse, present false patterns. Common classification techniques available in ArcGIS include natural breaks (Jenks), Quantile, Equal Interval, and Standard Deviation (the latter is useful for hotspot/coldspot analysis). See MM

4 Pattern shows areas outside Atlanta s Metro area have higher density of mobile homes. Notice the distribution is positively skewed, with many counties having a low proportion of mobile homes per square mile and just a few having a high density. But how significant is the pattern? Does it show any deviations from an assumed even distribution? 5. Let s see this pattern slightly differently: as standard deviations from the mean. Change the classification system to standard deviation.

5 Mobile homes classified by standard deviation. Now we can isolate those counties with significantly higher densities than the state average. Dark reds indicate higher rates of mobile homes and blue indicate lower rates assuming an even distribution. Looks like mobile homes are not evenly distributed! In fact, rural counties in Georgia show higher rates and metro counties show lower rates. 6. Notice the file CYFY3_CY.DBF file in the /Data/Census/ directory. What is it? This is a database file or.dbf containing sample data (SF3/4). It s from Census table 3 with current year/five year data (CYFY) for counties (_CY). It s a.dbf. 7. Let s use the income data from the.dbf we just copied! 8. With Excel, open the CYFY3_CY.DBF. Scroll across to look for the MDHHINC_FY column (should be column ED or use cntl-f to find it). This is a median household income estimate for Make this data available by joining the.dbf to the county attribute file. In ArcMap right click on the ga_counties_project layer and click on Joins and RelatesJoin

6 The join dialog box. Make sure you choose FIPS from the attribute table and ID from the.dbf. This will match up the counties. 10. Click Yes to create an index. This helps ArcMap to improve performance. 11. In ArcMap, open the attribute table by right clicking on the layer. Notice that there are many more attribute fields now! These are all the fields from the.dbf we joined. They are named according to which table they are in. Ga_counties_Project.FID = Name of original table (Ga_counties_Project) and name of attribute (FID) CYFY3_CY.FYAGE21UP = Name of joined table (CYFY3_CY) 12. Symbolize the median household income data by right clicking on ga_counties_project and the Symbology--Quantities--Graduated colors. Choose attribute field CYFY3_CY.MDHHINC_FY Median household income estimate for 2006.

7 This is an estimate based on the 2000 census. Notice the doughnut effect in the Atlanta metro area: surrounding suburban counties have higher incomes. Congratulations! We successfully joined a table. You can use this feature to add any data you acquire to your GIS project. But let s download data from the Census website and join it! 13. Go to and click on American Factfinder Data Sets Decennial Census. We can get both census 2000 and 1990 data. 14. We ll choose Census 2000, SF1 (100%) data Geographic Comparison Tables 15. Choose Geography Type of state and choose Georgia (you can try other states or geographies later). 16. Choose State County for county level data for Georgia. Click Next. 17. On the next page choose GCT-P9 Selected Type of Group Quarters Population: 2000 Why? This has numbers of people living in group quarters such as student dorms 18. Click show result to get the table. According to the census there are 47,910 students living in dorms. These data are probably a good indicator of where colleges are. 19. Notice the Print/download option on the top right of the web page. Select download and then choose Database compatible for Microsoft Excel. Do not include descriptive data:

8 20. This generates a zip file which you should save to your directory and unzip the contents once it s downloaded. Double click on the.xls file. Look for the column headed GCTP9_ST2.C4 (college dorm population). 21. Save this file as a.dbf. File Save As File Name: dormdata. Save as type DBF Click Yes to the next dialog box. Close Excel. 23. In ArcMap add a county layer and join the data as before. Use FIPS and GEO_ID2. If you have trouble, we have placed a dormdata.dbf in the Help directory in /Data/Census/. 24. Symbolize the number of students in dorms with graduated symbols:

9 Questions. You might like to try these questions to test your understanding of the above. 1. In the ga_counties_project what does the FIPS column show? How many counties in Georgia? 2. If you show the data of mobile homes by standard deviation, do you see any areas more than two SD away? More than 1.5? Where? 3. What is the difference between SF1 and SF3 data? 4. What is the American Community Survey (ACS)? Advanced data download: the Census Bureau offers more comprehensive data downloads in their Download Center. For example you can get all counties in the USA (some 3,100) or all blocks in a county. If you want, explore what they have in this section. Problems? Census Bureau help page:

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