MAPPING OF BLACK POPLARS

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1 MAPPING OF BLACK POPLARS

2 Contribution to conservation of Black Poplars Monitoring and recording of trees: mapping, tagging and photographing black poplars. Updating the database with current data, including newly planted trees.

3 CONSERVATION OF BLACK POPLARS - STEPS To locate existing trees To safeguard existing trees To increase the number of black poplars by developing a diverse age structure by planned planting To inform and educate landowners and managers about black poplars and to raise public awareness To ascertain, maintain and increase the genetic variability. To seek protection through the planning system.

4 Why do we need mapping? Provide a basis for monitoring and evaluating local action for biodiversity priorities at both national and local levels. Cadastre will represent start point for future monitoring.

5 Why do we need mapping? Clear delineation of the specific entity or geographic area of management concern allows all interested parties to know the limits to which management and monitoring results will be applied.

6 GOAL To protect extant trees of black poplars, where possible, and to support these individuals through new planting of local provenance stock. To achieve this objective the distribution of extant black poplars needs to be identified.

7 BOUNDARY MAPPING Boundary mapping involves measuring or monumenting the boundaries of the population and tracking changes in spatial location or size. Highly accurate maps illustrating boundaries and features of populations can be generated by computer-aided drawing and design programs (CADD) and standard survey equipment, such as a theodolite or transit with an electronic distance measurer (EDM).

8 MAPPING PROCESS First step - mapping the currently existing stands and individuals of Black Poplar. Establishment of Black Poplar register (cadastre) in all partners protected assets. BLACK POPLAR ONLINE CADASTRE will be published on

9 INVENTORY Inventory can be described as a point-in-time measurement of the resource to determine location or condition. Map, record and monitor the localities of all remaining black poplars. Identification existing individuals and small groups of trees, as well as local populations.

10 INVENTORY For certain plants, inventories may be designed to: Locate populations of a species. Determine total number of individuals of a species. Locate all populations of certain species within a specific area (often a project area). Locate all certain species occurring within a specified habitat type. Assess and describe the habitat of a certain species (e.g., associated species, soils, aspect, elevation). Assess existing and potential threats to a population.

11 INVENTORY AND MONITORING Data collected during an inventory may be similar to those collected during monitoring. We can define monitoring as the collection and analysis of repeated observations or measurements to evaluate changes in condition and progress toward meeting a management objective.

12 INVENTORY AND MONITORING Information collected during an inventory may provide a baseline, or the first measurement, for a monitoring study. Often, however, the necessary type and intensity of monitoring will not be known until the inventory is completed. The information collected during inventory, while useful for the development of a monitoring study, may not be useful for monitoring itself.

13 METHODS OF MAPPING Three possible situations: 1. plants which have certain mutual characteristics are recorded 2. total flora of the area is recorded 3. one target species is recorded

14 METHODS OF MAPPING There are several most frequently applied methods of mapping: 1. Punctuating method 2. Continuous method and 3. Combined method

15 MAPPING METHODS For some species, mapping the locations of population areas on a low-level aerial photograph may be adequate.

16 REMOTE SENSING

17 MAPPING

18 MAPPING METHODS Global Positioning Systems (GPS) may also be used, although their accuracy is variable.

19 MAPPING METHODS GPS METHOD While they are likely not accurate enough to map individuals of many types of plant populations, the more accurate units may be useful for mapping large, widely spaced, long-lived individuals, such as trees or cacti. GPS can also be used for mapping population boundaries and locations. Many GPS systems can download information electronically into a mapping program.

20 MAPPING METHODS GPS METHOD The technology in this field is changing rapidly, and accuracy of relatively inexpensive instruments is improving quickly. GPS units will likely become more widely available and commonly used in the next few years.

21 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) GPS has a variety application on land, at sea and in the air. GPS allows you to determine your location and find other location on the Earth Everywhere except where it is impossible to receive satellite signal

22 THREE SEGMENTS OF THE GPS Space Segment Control Segment User Segment Master Station Monitor Stations Ground Antennas

23 TYPICAL GPS APPLICATIONS Location - determining a basic position Navigation - getting from one location to another Tracking - monitoring the movement of people and things. Mapping - creating maps of the world Timing - bringing precise timing to the world

24 USING GPS DATA Factors such as availability of satellites, terrain, and controls can diminish their accuracy. Real-time use can be impacted by Department of Defense USA scrambling of satellite signals; Post-processing of GIS data using information from base stations can increase this precision.

25 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx

26 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx

27 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) The user-interface is easy to use and learn. The 8 buttons and rocker pad give you access to the GPS functions. The functions are organised into a series of pages, main menu, map, trip computer, compass etc. About 15 pages in total. These pages are accessed either from the main menu, or in a sequence of pages that are displayed when you push the PAGE button.

28 POSITION FIX A position is based on real-time satellite tracking. It s defined by a set of coordinates. It has no name. A position represents only an approximation of the receiver s true location. A position is not static. It changes constantly as the GPS receiver moves (or wanders due to random errors). A receiver must be in 2D or 3D mode (at least 3 or 4 satellites acquired) in order to provide a position fix. 3D mode dramatically improves position accuracy.

29 WAYPOINT A waypoint is based on coordinates entered into a GPS receiver s memory. It can be either a saved position fix, or user entered coordinates. It can be created for any remote point on earth. It must have a receiver designated code or number, or a user supplied name. Once entered and saved, a waypoint remains unchanged in the receiver s memory until edited or deleted.

30 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS (GPS) Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx Unit setup page with position format, map datum and units of measure selection fields

31 Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx A mercator type mapping projection with the cylinder positioned on the equatorial axis of the Earth (horizontally)

32 Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx In order to obtain uniform recording data all partners in the project should use the UTM projection with parameters which are valid for that country.

33 Recording data by the device Garmin GPSmap 60CSx The position of points and objects in the horizontal reference system can be expressed by two-dimensional, right-angled and straight-lined coordinates on the level of the conformal UTM projection of ellipsoids GRS80, which is for the territory of Serbia defined by the following parameters: Zone number: 34; Zone width: 6 ; Central meridian: 21 ; Scale along the central meridian: ; Abscissa invariable: м.

34 PERIODIC LOSS OF SATELLITE SIGNALS At any given position and time, signals from a sufficient number of satellites may not be available. You can determine ahead of time when satellite coverage will not be adequate. Keep in mind though that it will sometimes be necessary to schedule your work around these periods of low satellite availability. Tree Canopies, especially if wet, can affect GPS measurements, reducing their accuracy or increasing the time it takes to measure The GPS receiver will warn you if reliable data is not available at a certain position.

35 OFFICE WORK - WORKING WITH GIS The data collected by a GPS device are transferred to GIS (Geographic Information System) software. You can connect the computer using either a USB or serial cable. Software that supports the Garmin communications protocol can upload or download tracks, waypoints and routes. For long track logs, USB is preferred as it is far faster.

36 OFFICE WORK - WORKING WITH GIS Every device has certain technical characteristics, so before operating it a person should study the instructions given by the producer. Operating with GPSmap 60CSx and WinGIS is given as an example. Apart from the graphic data (drawings, maps and thematic maps), making a digital map also requires the text data with numeric values.

37 Foundations of GIS

38 OFFICE WORK - WORKING WITH GIS The connection between the graphic and attributive data is exactly what offers a possibility for a successful and fast examination of a certain terrain and geospatial analysis.

39 SHAPEFILES A shapefile is a digital vector storage format for storing geometric location and associated attribute information. Shapefiles are simple because they store geometrical data types of points, lines, and polygons. These are of limited use without any attributes to specify what they represent. Therefore, a table of records will store properties/attributes for each shape in the shapefile. Shapes (points/lines/polygons) together with data attributes can create infinitely many representations about geographical data. Representation provides the ability for powerful and accurate computations.

40 OFFICE WORK - WORKING WITH GIS

41 The interface of the ArcMap software

42 The interface of the WinGIS

43 SETTINGS FOR SERBIA

44 OFFICE WORK - WORKING WITH GIS Every partner in the project should enter the parameters valid in that country, which can be obtained in the institution in charge of public geodetic affairs In the Republic of Serbia that is the Republic Institute of Geomatics

45 ILLUSTRATION OF MAPPED TREES IN GIS SOFTWARE Single trees marked with GPS device Group of trees marked with GPS device

46 ORTHOPHOTO IMAGE

47 MAP OF BLACK POPLAR TREES ON ORTHOPHOTO IMAGE

48 GIS web portal The tools to utilize digital spatial information are constantly becoming cheaper and easier to use. While high-end GIS packages still require considerable training to be used effectively, web GIS applications are no more complicated to use than standard business software.

49 GIS web portal The web GIS portal has been chosen as a popular way to integrate geospatial resources. A web portal offers centralised and uniform interface to access the distributed and heterogeneous resources and services. Web portals has been widely implemented in many commercial websites to offer personalized web services. Black poplar online register will be presented on

50 Recording basic taxonomic data Diameter Height Age classes Canopy General condition

51 All trees should be measured at dbh (1.37 m above ground), unless with defects at dbh

52 Where deformities, branch swellings and other irregularities occur the narrowest part of the trunk should be measured.

53 Field Equipment Calliper -manual, electronic

54 Field Equipment Hypsometer, clinometer - heights, inclination, distance measurer, - instrument used to calculate the heights of trees by triangulation - ultrasonic measuring method: perfect in dense terrains and when object is covered

55 Field Equipment Ultrasonic hypsometer The Vertex instrument operates with the Transponder T3 placed beside the tree, on the stem, or in the center of a sample plot for circular sample plot measuring work.

56 Field Equipment Vertex instrument Ultrasound technology is suitable to use in the forest, Large graphical display, Audible sound signal, Bluetooth for easy transfer of results Aluminium housing

57 Age classes Estimating the age of trees. Ageing Black poplars is not especially easy. A mean diameter measurement sometimes may give a realistic estimate of age.

58 Other data Males and females Not many trees have been sexed but it is clear that males greatly outnumber females.

59 Entry and Storage of Data in the Office Selecting a computer software program There are primarily four categories of software applications where monitoring data can be entered: (a) word processors, (b) relational databases, (c) Spreadsheets, (d) statistical software programs, (e) GIS database

60 Entry and Storage of Data in the Office It is essential that backup copies are made of all computer data files. Hardware, software, and user failures occur on an unpredictable schedule and large amounts of grief can be saved if a regular backup schedule is maintained.

61 TREES OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE It is necessary to recognize, record and adequately mark a certain number of phenotypically distinguished trees which are of special importance because of their age, dimensions, ecological value or aesthetic characteristics. With the purpose of their protection and developing awareness about the importance of this species through promotional activities ( DANUBE PARKS POPLARS ).

62 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! CONTACT DATA Tel: Fax: Web address:

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