What should you consider concerning colors in maps in order to illustrate qualitative data, and quantitative data, respectively? Exemplify.

Transcription

1 1, Cartography, 10 p (HA) _ When doing a map based on quantitative data you have for example to decide upon the classification. Three common classifications are Equal interval, Quantiles (percentiles) and Manual classification. Briefly describe these classifications and under which conditions each of them is preferable. Include sketches in your answer that clearly shows the differences between the three types. 2) Cartography, 10 p (HA) What should you consider concerning colors in maps in order to illustrate qualitative data, and quantitative data, respectively? Exemplify. 3) Spatial Analysis using GIS, 10 p (HA) a) The buffer tool can be used in different ways. Explain the difference between Inclusive rings and Distinctive bands and when you preferably can make use of each variant (5 p) b) Shortly describe the basics of Thiessen-polygons, and for what reasons they can be useful. (5 p) 4) Spatial Analysis using GIS, 10 (HA) Measuring change over time using maps can be done using three types of maps. What are the three types of maps called and what are the advantages and disadvantages of them? Describe each map type and argue why each of them should be used in that circumstance. Preferably, you can include sketches to illustrate your answer. 1. Cartography, 10 p (HA) Below you can see a classical representation of the world. This world map is in return the result of a specific type of map projection. Briefly describe this projection and its

2 characteristics. Make use of the terms Conformal, Equivalent and Equidistant; in your description. 2. Cartography, 10 p (HA) What should you consider concerning colors in maps in order to illustrate qualitative data, and quantitative data, respectively? Exemplify. 3. Spatial Analysis using GIS, 10 p (HA) In GIS, the buffer tool is useful in many different ways. Give three concrete or practical examples when the use of buffer tool can be useful in a GIS analysis 4. Spatial Analysis using GIS, 10 (HA) Measuring change over time using maps can be done in different ways. Briefly describe in your own words how this is done in the following case (see the following maps). Also suggest how this change could have been presented in an alternative way.

3 1) HA (10 p) Cartography When doing a map based on quantitative data you have for example to decide upon the number of classes and classification, i.e. which interval system to choose. Four common classifications are natural breaks, equal interval quantiles (percentiles) and manual classification. Briefly describe three of these four classifications and under which conditions each of them is preferable. Include sketches in your answer. 2) HA (10p) Cartography Five commonplace generalization methods in cartography are aggregation, displacement, enhancement, selection and simplification of data. Explain these methods mainly by making sketches that illustrate each method. In addition to the sketches, add some few explaining sentences on each issue.

4 3) HA (10 p) Spatial Analysis using GIS a) What is a Modifiable area unit problem, MAUP? (5 p) b) Shortly describe the basics of Thiessen-polygons, and for what reasons they can be misleading. (5 p) 4) HA (10 p) Spatial Analysis using GIS Imagine that you have been given the assignment to map urban sprawl in a major city How would you map it and why? What issues could arise? Include sketches in your answer. 10 p 1) HA (10 p) Thematic maps, 10 p. Briefly explain the following types of thematic maps and under which conditions they are preferable and adaptable. a) choropleth map; b) diagram maps; c) dot maps; d) isarithm maps; e) flow maps. 2) a) Concepts in cartography and map design, 4 p. (MS) Briefly explain the following terms/techniques: a) topographic map; b) geoid; c) Robinson projection; d) quantile classification. (b) Thematic and geometric generalization, 6 p. (MS) Explain the concepts thematic and geometric generalization. Also, provide three specific examples of geometric generalization techniques. 3) a, Reasons for mapping change 5 p (OO) Give three reasons for why we might be interested in mapping change over time. b, Mapping pollution over time, 5 p (OO) Suppose that you are tasked with mapping changes in the air quality in central parts of Umeå during The data has been collected on a weekly basis. Motivate what type of maps you would construct (e.g., time series or tracking map), the type of change (e.g., magnitude or character), which classification scheme and interval you would use for classifying the data, as well as other variables/information that might be relevant to include in the map/s.

5 4a, (TL) Mapping density can be done in two different ways. Which ways and which pros and cons are to be found for each of them? 5p 4b, (TL) What are Thiessen polygons and how are they useful? 5p 1a ) Types of maps, 4 p. (HA) Briefly define following map types: thematic maps, topographic maps and mental maps. (b) The power of maps, 6 p. (HA) Discuss briefly the reasons why maps or geographic information system can be recognized as powerful tools of information. 2) (a) Concepts in cartography and map design, 4 p. (MS) Briefly explain the following terms: a) small-scale and large-scale maps; b) latitude and longitude. (b) Classification: standard methods, 6 p. (MS) ArcGIS comes with a number of standard methods to select from when classifying numerical fields using graduated colors/symbols. The deafult is Natural Breaks (Jenks). Provide a short presentation of the other five predefined ways (i.e., excluding the manual option) to classify continuous data. 3) a, Reasons for mapping change 5 p (OO) Give three reasons for why we might be interested in mapping change over time. b, Mapping pollution over time, 5 p (OO) Suppose that you are tasked with mapping changes in the air quality in central parts of Umeå during The data has been collected on a weekly basis. Motivate what type of maps you would construct (e.g., time series or tracking map), the type of change (e.g., magnitude or character), which classification scheme and interval you would use for classifying the data, as well as other variables/information that might be relevant to include in the map/s.

6 4, (TL 10p) When you work with GIS you sometimes use geostatistics. Explain two statistical phenomenons related to GIS and give examples of problems associated with them.