Challenges of INSPIRE & Copernicus or how to square a circle

Transcription

1 Challenges of INSPIRE & Copernicus or how to square a circle Barcelona, Spain Peter Strobl European Commission Joint Research Centre Peter.Strobl@ec.europa.eu with kind support by OGC s DGGS SWG, Matt Purss, Perry Petersen, Robert Gibb and B. Bauer-Marschallinger, TU Vienna

2 Copernicus The EU s Earth Observation program (one of the biggest globally) A major sponsor of EO related services An incubator for the digital economy Ø its main results are large amounts of geospatial data of which the vast majority consists of either remotely sensed imagery or their derivatives. (almost) all free and open!

3 Challenge? what challenge?! Copernicus Regulation (REGULATION (EU) No 377/2014 of 3 April 2014): Copernicus data should be compliant with Member States' spatial reference data as well as with implementing rules and technical guidelines of the infrastructure for spatial information in the Union established by Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.but aren t we anyhow?

4 Copernicus & INSPIRE As presented earlier this week: Metadata Cataloguing Web services are (largely) INSPIRE compliant so, what else?

5 INSPIRE Compliance of what? Earth observation data are geophysical measurements: of a well defined spatial area using parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, taken at regular intervals in space, and with a certain repeat cycle Ø In all these dimensions discretisation and quantisation is a prerequisite to deal with these data in a digital way. in case of a regular and orthogonal spatial order they are commonly often referred to as images or raster data

6 INSPIRE & Raster Data, Grids, Coverages INSPIRE addresses raster data in the following chapters: Annex I Reference Grids Annex II: Elevation, Orthoimagery, Landcover Provided solutions include a selection of the following: q Grid_ETRS89-LAEA, 5 levels: 10 n m, n=0,1, i.e. 1m-100 km q Grid_ETRS89-GRS80zn, zoned geographic grid, 25 levels: 0.1m-120km q any grid based on ETRS89-LCC, ETRS89-TMzn and Copernicus?

7 Copernicus real-world data grids Georeferenced data in the portfolio: 3.5 PB LO Data Volume q EL: EU-DEM: 25m ETRS89-LAEA q OI: Sentinel-2: 10m-20m-60m, WGS84-UTM q Sentinel-3: 300m, 1km, Plate-Caree q LC: CLMS HighResolutionLayers: 20m ETRS89-LAEA Standards: Maybe somehow Harmonisation: Certainly not! Data rates growing exponentially: Now ~4 soon >9TB/day only Copernicus! 7

8 INSPIRE wisdom it would be highly desirable that all the themes with similar needs make use of the same geographical grid system in order to maintain their coherence. Source: INSPIRE D2.8.II.1 Data Specification on Elevation Technical Guidelines

9 A lesson from globalisation What boosted global commerce more: free trade or containerisation? containerisation is associated with a 320% increase in bilateral trade over the first five years and 790% over 20 years. A bilateral free-trade agreement, by contrast, boosts trade by 45% over 20 years, and membership of GATT raises it by 285%. In other words, containers have boosted globalisation more than all trade agreements in the past 50 years put together. based on: Bernhofen et al., Estimating the effects of the container revolution on world trade, Journal of International Economics 98 (2016) 36 50

10 Container power q Fit seemlessly together q Allow (certain) different sizes q Save time and avoid losses inherent to re-packaging q Addressable, traceable, exchangeable, arrangeable Imagine trying to ship a container that s slightly (e.g. 10%) different in size compared to the standard! 10

11 What does that remind you off?

12 Here s the challenge: In order to: ü ü ü ü ü preserve quality avoid gaps or overlaps reduce processing time have fast access allow immediate data fusion you need a hierarchical system of harmonised reference grids! now what s on offer? 12

13 Three use cases: A recent discussion on the INSPIRE Thematic forum 1 so far mentioned three possible tracks: q WMTS: OGC standard adapted on Web-Mercator based tiling (similar to Google Maps, Microsoft Live Map) 2 q EQUI7: TU Vienna s multiple projection package based on continental plates (optimised for Sentinel 1 processing) q DGGS: Discrete Global Grid `Systems, a new generic OGC standard for global hierarchical tessellations see presentation on Wednesday 13

14 The EQUI7 grid (TU Vienna) B. Bauer-Marschallinger, Optimisationof global grids for high-resolution remote sensing data, Computers 14 & Geosciences, 2014 doi: /j.cageo

15 DGGS Discrete Global Grid Systems A DGGS is a Digital Earth reference model A DGGS is designed to be an information grid, not a navigation grid OGC defines a DGGS as: a spatial reference system that uses a hierarchical tessellation of cells to partition and address the globe. DGGS are characterized by the properties of their cell structure, geo-encoding, quantization strategy and associated mathematical functions. OGC Copyright 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium

16 Different Cell Shapes DGGS: A New Approach for a New Era Square = Familiar Triangular = Fast Hexagonal = Fineness of Fit Unique Cell Indices Hierarchy-based, Space-filling Curve, Axes-based or Encoded Address nd Spatial Analyses 1D Array Processes Copyright 2016 Open Geospatial Consortium

17 DGGS in square action: rhealpix Source: R. Gibb et al: THE RHEALPIX DISCRETE GLOBAL GRID SYSTEM

18 Thank you! & Please join the discussion! 18