Lecture 3. Data Sources for GIS in Water Resources

Transcription

1 Lecture 3 Data Sources for GIS in Water Resources GIS in Water Resources Spring

2 USGS GIS data for Water Watersheds of the US 2-digit water resource regions 8-digit HUC watersheds Region 01 New England Region 02 Mid-Atlantic Region 03 South Atlantic-Gulf Region 04 Great Lakes Region 05 Ohio Region 06 Tennessee Region 07 Upper Mississippi Region 08 Lower Mississippi Region 09 Souris-Red-Rainy Region 10 Missouri Region 11 Arkansas-White-Red Region 12 Texas-Gulf Region 13 Rio Grande Region 14 Upper Colorado Region 15 Lower Colorado Region 16 Great Basin Region 17 Pacific Northwest Region 18 California Region 19 Alaska (Old numbering system) Region 20 Hawaii Region 21 Caribbea 2

3 Hydrologic Unit Code Watersheds ~ 2000 for US, about the size of counties Region 02 Mid-Atlantic Region -- The drainage within the United States that ultimately discharges into: (a) the Atlantic Ocean within and between the states of New York and Virginia; (b) Long Island Sound south of the New York-Connecticut State Line; and (c) the Riviere Richelieu, a tributary of the St. Lawrence River. Includes all of Delaware and New Jersey and the District of Columbia, and parts of Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. Subregion Richelieu: The Riviere Richelieu Basin, including Lake Champlain drainage, within the United States. New York, Vermont. Area = 7720 sq.mi. Accounting Unit Richelieu. New York, Vermont. Area = 7720 sq.mi. Cataloging Units Lake George. New York, Vermont. Area = 1390 sq.mi Otter. Vermont. Area = 1090 sq.mi Winooski. Vermont. Area = 1220 sq.mi Ausable. New York. Area = 1070 sq.mi Lamoille. Vermont. Area = 1130 sq.mi Great Chazy-Saranac. New York. Area = 1110 sq.mi Missisquoi. Vermont. Area = 707 sq.mi. Hydrologic Unit Code (8-Digit) Watersheds ~ 2000 for US, about the size of counties 3

4 HUCode (8-Digit) Watersheds Watershed Hierarchy Region Sub-Region Accounting U Catalouging U WaterShed Sub-WaterShed Digit # HUC 10 NHDPlus 12 Available In Progress 4

5 Watershed Boundary Dataset National Program by USGS and USDA (NRCS) Boundaries for 10- and 12- digit watersheds First cut is by automated delineation from NED Hand checked and edited 10-digit watersheds Watershed Boundary DataSet 5

6 WBD for Nebraska 2990 HUC12 watersheds of average area 39.3 square miles HUC12:HUC8 ~ 40:1 watersheds EPA River Reach File 1 (RF1) 6

7 River networks for 8-digit HUC watersheds 7

8 Lower West Fork, Trinity River Basin HUC = NHD River Reaches 412 River Reaches In Upper West Fork of Trinity Basin 8

9 River Reach Codes Used for river address locations ReachCode = ReachCode = HUC# Segment# Location on Reach

10 NHDPlus for a Portion of Oregon NHDPlus Reach Catchments ~ 3km 2 Average reach length = 2km 2.3 million reaches for continental US About 1000 reach catchments in each 8-digit HUC 10

11 NHDPlus Reach Attributes Slope Elevation Mean annual flow Corresponding velocity Drainage area % of upstream drainage area in different land uses Stream order National Elevation Dataset Digital Elevation Model with 1 arc-second (30m) 1/3 arc-second (10m) 1/9 arc-second (3m) limited Seamless in 1 blocks for the United States 10 billion data Derived from USGS 1:24,000 quadrangle sheets Get the data: 11

12 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Contours Austin West 30 Meter DEM 12

13 Eight Direction Pour Point Model Water flows in the direction of steepest descent Flow Direction Grid

14 Delineation of Streams and Watersheds on a DEM 14

15 1:250,000 Scale Soil Information 15

16 SSURGO: County Level Digital Soil Maps 1:24,000 scale soil information Ssurgo for Travis County 103 soil map units described by 7530 polygons of average area ha (87 acres) 16

17 National Land Cover Dataset Get the data: 17

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19 PRISM Mean Annual Precipitation 19

20 NLDAS_DATA National Land Data Assimilation System Spatial Resolution: 1/8 degree Temporal Resol.: hourly 1 - air temperature (K) ** at 2 meters above the surface 2 - specific humidity (kg/kg) ** at 2 meters above the surface 3 - surface pressure (Pa) ** 4 - U wind component (m/s) at 10 meters above the surface 5 - V wind component (m/s) at 10 meters above the surface 6 - surface downward longwave radiation (W/m^2) ** 7 - undefined 8 - CAPE: Convective Available Potential Energy (J/kg): from NARR 9 - potential evaporation (kg/m^2): from NARR 10 - precipitation hourly total (kg/m^2) 11 - surface downward shortwave radiation 20

21 GLDAS_DATA Global Land Data Assimilation System National Weather Service River Forecast Centers Spatial Resolution: 4*4 km Temporal Resol.: daily hourly under way Get Data: / 21

22 National Water Information System Web access to USGS water resources data in real time USGS Water Watch Web access to USGS water resources data in real time 22

23 USGS National Water Information System. Real-time and Historic Data Streamflow and stage Groundwater levels Water Quality Site information Tabular or Graphical Format The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) obtained elevation data on a nearglobal scale to generate the most complete highresolution digital topographic database of Earth. 23

24 HydroSheds derived from SRTM 24

25 1:10,000,000 scale vector data for the world GTOPO30-1 km Digital Elevation Model of the Earth 25

26 Drainage in North America Hydro1K is derived from GTOPO30 using raster GIS analysis NASA Satellite Data 26

27 Global Energy and Water Experiment

28 National Map in New York 28