Axel Ssymank. Bundesamt für Naturschutz

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1 Experiences of the analysis of Natura 2000 sites and conclusions regarding coherence on EU-level Axel Ssymank Vilm, May 10 th 2005

2 Coherence on EU-level... Natura 2000 in the EU Site fragmentation Conservation Status Cross-border coherence Summary

3 EU-Barometer (SCI, March 2005)

4 EU-Barometer (of March 2005) Natura 2000 in the EU 25: SCI: sites, km² terr km² marine SPA: sites, km² km² marine

5 Natura 2000 (Febr. 2005), DE Natura 2000: 13% terr. Fläche psci (FFH-Gebiete): 4588 Gebiete,+ 8 AWZ, 9,3% terr. Fläche 3,309 mio ha terr.,+ ca. 2 mio ha marin % SCI within Länder BW BY BE BB HB HH HE MV NI NW RP SL SN ST SH TH D

6 Top II: Site fragmentation Natura 2000 in the EU Site fragmentation Conservation Status Cross-border coherence summary

7 EU-Barometer (of March 2005) SCI: 11,6 % terrestrial surface, average size of sites: 2680 ha (incl. marine) AT BE CY CZ DE DK EE ES 5 0 FI FR HU GR IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT SE SI SK UK % terrestrial average size (ha)

8 Size classes EU (SCI) Sites range from < 1-2 ha (in almost all MS) to (LU) and ha (FI) EU: size classes of SCI SCI > ha: <10 10-< < < < < > ES 50 SE 29 FI 20 UK 12 PT 9 GR 8 FR 7 AT 5

9 Fragmentation of individual SCI Member States with coherent sites: 1 site = 1 polygone 11 Member States: AT, CZ, DK, EE, ES, FI, HU, IT, LT, LV, Sl Member States with many multipolygone sites (ratio > 10): LU, SE, DE Member States with polygone/site ratio < 5: 6 Member States: BE, GR, IE, NL, PL, PT Member States with regularly multi-polygone-sites (ratio 5-10): FR, UK DE : Naturschutzgroßvorhaben Ill

10 Methods of site selection large sites: a few big sites buffer zones included public acceptance often low simple management low administrative costs E excluding: holes where no habitat type/ species has been found omitting private property wehreever possible traffic facilities E tiny sites: many sites no buffer zones large edge effects and impacts no functional units impacts from outside not under control management difficult administration costly E0 6210

11 Large versus small sites I Example Spain: SCI: cover 22,6 % average size 8620 ha 50! sites > ha Example Germany: SCI: cover terr. 9,3 % average size (terr.) 721 ha, (1156 ha) 3 sites > ha (all marine)

12 Large versus small: considerations Large sites dominating: Within-site coherence high, Functional ecological units, Metapopulations completely within site Habitats fully covered larger gaps between sites, Migration and stepping stones required Buffer and Development zones included better management possibilities Many small sites: Within-site coherence low, Fragmented ecological units, Metapopulations often partly outside SCI Habitats often only partly covered No larger gaps, but large edge effects Stepping stones for migratory species often within SCI/SPA s Buffer and Development zones missing Management difficult due to fragmentation

13 Annex IV- and coherence Annex IV species are protected inand outside SCI s: They need coherence as well. Annex IV-species not listed in Annex II: almost no consistent data available on EU-level (not obligatory for SDF) From case studies we assume that for a number of species the larger part of their occurrences are outside Natura 2000 sites. inventories missing, monitoring needed? SCI Annex IV species

14 Top III: Conservation Status Natura 2000 in the EU Site fragmentation Conservation Status Cross-border coherence summary

15 Conservation Status (SDF) Conservation status of habitats (relative surface of A, B, and C rated habitats) Only indicative value 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% AT BE CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT SE SI SK UK EU 0% Only average rating per SCI was possible: B rating too high, C too low EU: 7% C, 48% B of the area, but: 12%C + 55% B rated data entries A B C

16 Achieving FCS? avourable reference values: Range Area / population Example Lutra lutra in DE Grey shaded areas and beyond: historically present over most of Germany Actual population density in NW-Germany too low: only SCI with actual occurrences proposed Art 10-coherence as a tool for reintroduction projects????

17 Favourable Conservation Status (FCS)?? For habitat types defined in (Art. 1 e)* as: its natural range and areas it covers within that range are stable or increasing, and its specific structure and functions.. exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, and The conservation status of its typical species is favourable Coherence in and outside Natura 2000 sites * Richtlinie 92/43/EWG

18 Top IV: cross-border coherence Natura 2000 in the EU Site fragmentation Conservation Status Cross-border coherence summary

19 technical aspects of coherence different topographical systems: mapping scale, projection and date mathematical correct borderlines in GIS for adjacent sites main reasons: administrative borders within member state cross border along MS borders different authorities, competences

20 Typical reasons for mistakes excluded polygones not belonging to psci: often not correctly identified they get lost or included during data export / transfer within GIS-systems boundaries inside sites due to paper map or administrative boundaries sites with many separate polygones (up to >120!): some polygones lack identification

21 rivers along borders Hessen Thuringia river Werra Two frequent cases: a) borderline in mid-river: often half-river-sites proposed e.g. Elbe b) river crosses border several times and has been selected only by one Land / administrative region: see example Werra psci Hessen psci Thuriniga

22 Vision European Green Belt I Initiative along Member State borders helping to build the coherence of Natura 2000 Knowledge of existing activities Green Belt of Fennoscandia Balkan Green Belt Vision European Green Belt from the Barents Sea to the Adriatic Sea and further on to the Black Sea Part of a European ecological network

23 Cross-border coherence Coordination and cooperation both along administrative borders within member states as well as between member states Harmonisation across borders Niederlande Checking coherence along borderlines on a species and habitat specific level + - Frankreich + Deutschland - Deutschland

24 Top V: Summary Natura 2000 in the EU Site fragmentation Conservation Status Cross-border coherence summary

25 Future tasks Selected topics: Finalizing Natura 2000, proposal of marine psci s /SPA s Biogeographical seminars for new member States Coherence check on Member state Borders Mapping of Annex IV-species: defining species protection measures in order to maintain/obtain coherence Definition of Conservation Status: Favourable Reference Values and Targets as a basis for planning of ecological coherence (Art. 10) Start the monitoring and reporting procedures of the 2006 report as a database for consistent planning of coherence Elaborating management plans including aspects of coherence within Natura 2000 sites Art. 10- measures a gap in co-finanzing?

26 Thank you very much for your attention! A. Ssymank A. Ssymank Quercus suber forests in Spain

27 Author/Contact: Dr. Ssymank, Axel, Biotopschutz und Landschaftsökologie I 2.2 Konstantinstr Bonn Germany SsymankA@bfn.de This presentation was held at the International Workshop Ecological networks and coherence acccording to article 10 of the Habitats Directive 9-13 May 2005 at the Isle of Vilm. The copyright of this presentation lies by the author. Many thanks go to the ETC/NB, Paris for their help in supplying the necessary data for data analysis on European level (especially Doug Evans and Gabriela Augusto).

Country

Country Total EU-12 89,6 89,4 85,7 82,9 85,9 86,9 87,4 EU-15 89,6 85,7 83,1 86,2 87,0 87,5 EU-25 87,9 A 95,1 90,2 88,0 90,8 88,2 93,7 B 80,7 91,1 84,6 84,3 86,3 89,6 85,8 D 95,1 94,1 86,1 86,3 88,0 86,4 89,4 D-W

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Country

Country Total A 36,3 31,1 B 33,8 36,9 37,4 D 41,4 D-W 41,6 37,7 40,7 42,4 D-E 28,2 36,9 36,8 DK 55,8 49,1 48,8 E 33,2 39,5 33,2 28,9 F 44,4 33,1 36,3 FIN 62,2 30,9 50,6 54,6 GB 26,1 26,2 27,1 GR 14,5 I 34,5 32,1

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