A GIS View of Hydrology

Transcription

1 Quantitative Elements of Hydrology A GIS View of Hydrology Contact information: Jack Hermance Environmental Geophysics/Hydrology Department of Geological Sciences Brown University, Providence, RI Tel: John_Hermance@Brown.Edu (Information for the Presenter) Conventions for Prompting Slide Changes. This is the toggle symbol to prompt presenter to return to previous slide for quick comparisons with the current slide. The following traffic light signals appear in lower right corner of the slide to prompt presenter accordingly. Move forward quickly, probably the next slide has the essential information (e.g. labels). Move forward after a slight pause to assess whether content deserves brief comment. Move forward after a longer pause, perhaps a few brief comments are required. This is a pausing point at which motivating comments can be made, or the contents thoroughly discussed. 1

2 Quantitative Elements of Hydrology Some examples of GIS images related to hydrology. Shapefiles of provinces and states; North American Atlas. 2

3 Shapefiles of hydrographics; NA GTOPO30 Hydro1k. Polylines and polygons of hydrographics; NA GTOPO30 Hydro1k. 3

4 Polylines and polygons (filled) of hydrographics; NA GTOPO30 Hydro1k. Political bdys and hydrographics. 4

5 Landcover of North America. Landcover, hydrography and political boundaries. 5

6 Digital Elevation Model (DEM): GTOPO30 Hydro1k. (30 sec or 1 km gridded data.) Digital Elevation Model (DEM): GTOPO30 Hydro1k. Elevation is usually represented by gridded values. (An area of Central Colorado at 1:130,000 scale.) (30 sec or 1 km gridded data.) 6

7 DEM (Hydro1k) and hydrography. DEM (Hydro1k), hydrography and political bdys. 7

8 NA landcover and hydrography. Populated areas. 8

9 Populated areas and hydrography. DEM, populated areas and hydrography. 9

10 Hurricane hazards ($/person) and hydrography. Weather stations and annual precipitation. 10

11 Weather stations and annual precipitation. Names, locations and time series of mean monthly precipitation are associated with each station (in this database). Weather stations and annual precipitation. 11

12 Example of an ArcGIS graph plot. Topic: Example of a well-documented catchment. 12

13 State bdy and landcover of Texas. The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. 13

14 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Sub-Catchments of Guadalupe Basin.) 14

15 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Sub-Catchments of Guadalupe Basin.) The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. [Sub-Catchments might be combined into Principal Catchments; (i.e. "Dissolve" boundaries)] 15

16 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. Each sub-catchment has selected parameters defined in the attributes table for the respective data base. (Info avail. in an Attributes Table.) The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Other data bases of interest.) 16

17 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Modifying formats.) The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Modifying formats.) 17

18 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Label: County names.) (Modifying formats.) The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Label: County names.) (Modifying formats.) 18

19 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Label: % irrigated.) (Modifying formats.) The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Compare data bases; see related map.) 19

20 The Guadalupe Basin, Texas. (Compare data bases; see related map.) 20

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23 (View direction.) 23

24 (3D DEM using "Surfer" application.) (3D DEM using "Surfer" application.) 24

25 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (3D DEM overlaid with Landsat data.) 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (3D DEM overlaid with Landsat data.) 25

26 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (3D DEM overlaid with Landsat data.) 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (3D DEM overlaid with Landsat data.) 26

27 NDVI Major Roads Major streams Topo Satellite Vegetation Indices (AVHRR-NDVI). (Upper Quartile (Q75) valuess for all years ) 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (3D DEM overlaid with Landsat data.) 27

28 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images (Note this area.) (Photograph from Commercial Airbus.) 28

29 (Photograph from Commercial Airbus.) (Photograph from Commercial Airbus.) 29

30 (Photograph from Commercial Airbus.) (Photograph from Commercial Airbus.) 30

31 (Orthoquad Photo from NV GIS.) An area of particular interest. (Landsat image.) 31

32 (Another "point-of-view".) ( 2005 William Bowen; Nevada Atlas of Panoramic Aerial Images.) (View-direction for a following image.) 32

33 (View-direction for a following image.) NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. 33

34 NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. An area of particular interest. (Watch this spot.) NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. 34

35 NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. 35

36 NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Photo. Orthoquad Air Photo. (Configured to perspective view from SSE to WNW by author.) 36

37 Orthoquad Air Photo. Orthoquad Air Photo. 37

38 Orthoquad Air Photo. Orthoquad Air Photo. Note possible drainage patterns, ground moisture, seepage, etc., among obvious land use patterns. 38

39 Terrain Analysis There is often a need to determine the elevation, slope, aspect and/or curvature at an arbitrary point in a grid. Discuss advantages of 9-point operators. Derived elevation products. Slope aspect. Basin and Range topography. 39

40 Derived elevation products. Areas of minimum slope. Basin and Range topography. Derived elevation products. Magnitude of local slope. (Aid for detailed delineation.) Basin and Range topography. 40

41 Quantitative Elements of Hydrology End of Presentation (A GIS View of Hydrology) Contact information: Jack Hermance Environmental Geophysics/Hydrology Department of Geological Sciences Brown University, Providence, RI Tel: