Appendix A1: Wage distribution and sectoral minimum wages in Finland. Appendix A2: Wage distribution and statutory minimum wage in the United Kingdom

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1 Online Appendix: GARNERO, Andrea, KAMPELMANN, Sephan and RYCX, François, Minimum Wage Sysems and Earnings Inequaliies: Does Insiuional Diversiy Maer?, European Journal of Indusrial Relaions Appendix A1: Wage disribuion and secoral minimum wages in Finland Source: FI-SILC; curren 2009 euros; verical ines represen secoral minima (in Helsinki for hose Secors ha have subminima ouside Helsinki). Appendix A2: Wage disribuion and sauory minimum wage in he Unied Kingdom Source: UK-SILC; curren 2009 euros; he verical line represens he naional sauory minimum wage.

2 Appendix A3: Descripive saisics Observaions per year SILC waves used in empirical analysis Naional sauory minimum wage Collecive bargaining coverage Average Kaiz index Average minimum wage Share of women Occupaional composiion Educaional aainmen Counries Blue collar (ISCO 11-34) Whie collar (ISCO 41-52) Managers (ISCO 61-93) ISCED levels 0,1,2 ISCED levels 3,4 ISCED levels 5,6 Ausria 5, No Belgium 5, Yes Bulgaria 5, Yes Cyprus 3, No Germany 10, No Denmark 4, No Esonia 5, Yes Finland 9, No France 9, Yes Greece 4, Yes Hungary 7, Yes Ireland 3, Yes Ialy 13, No Lavia 5, Yes Poland 10, Yes Porugal 4, Yes Romania 5, Yes Unied Kingdom 6, Yes Counries wihou naional minimum wage 8,052 No Counries wih naional minimum wage 6,263 Yes Toal 6, Noe: Minimum wages in naional currencies have been convered o euros using he average exchange rae; year-o-year flucuaions herefore capure no only changes in minimum raes bu also exchange rae flucuaions (UK, Poland). In counries wih no sauory minimum wages, he average minimum wages represen employmen-weighed averages of secoral minima.

3 Appendix A4 1. Collecion of minimum raes from secoral bargaining agreemens This secion provides a deailed descripion of counry specificiies regarding he procedure hrough which we colleced secoral-level daa on minimum wage raes Ausria Collecively negoiaed minimum wages in Ausria have been exraced from he ÖGB KV daabase, which includes mos of he Ausrian Kollekivlohnverräge. In each of he agreemens ha we analysed, we colleced informaion on he lowes pay caegory ( Unerse Lohngruppe ). Where hese amouns were indicaed as monhly minima, we also colleced informaion on he convenional working hours in he secor covered by he agreemen in order o calculae hourly minimum raes. The more han 300 secors were hen weighed o accoun for he differences in employmen beween secors according o he sum of weighs wihin each secor using he Ausrian Tariflohnindex, an index conaining a represenaive sample of job caegories from each bargaining secor. All daa on minimum wages refer o Belgium In Belgium, he Convenions Collecives de Travail are negoiaed a more or less irregular inervals wihin he differen Commissions Pariaires. We have colleced informaion on minimum wages from collecive agreemens ha were signed in 2007, hereby circumvening he issue of older agreemens ha migh sill be binding bu subjec o indexing (which is a widespread phenomenon in Belgium). For he case of Belgium, we colleced informaion for around 150 Commissions or Sous-Commissions Pariaires. We hen calculaed he weighed average of he minimum wages in he differen Commissions Pariaires using weighs based on he number of employees and workers in each CP ha we exraced from he Belgian Srucure of Earnings Survey for Denmark Daa on minimum wages in Denmark have been exraced from collecive agreemens available in he archive of he Danish Confederaion of Trade Unions (LO). LO provided us wih collecive agreemens for 2007, 2008 and 2009 on op of hose available online. The 105 secors were hen weighed according o employmen wihin each secor provided by DA (Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening) Finland Daa on minimum wages in Finland have been exraced from collecive agreemens available in Finlex and from unions. Missing daa (for some secors in some years) have been exrapolaed using he index of wage and salary earnings. The 210 secors were weighed according o he sum of weighs wihin each secor provided by SAK.

4 1.5. Germany In Germany, daa had o be colleced from he collecive agreemens (Tarifverräge) ha are negoiaed among he social parners a he regional and secoral level. We recorded he 2007 minimum wages in more han 70 secors (Tarifbranchen). In ligh of he marked wage inequaliy beween he Länder of he former GDR and FRG, we included boh he level of he lowes wage caegory in boh easern and wesern Germany, which means ha we have colleced informaion on around 150 differen minima in Germany. As a consequence, he average minimum wage reflec he range of secoral (and regional) minima and he disribuion of oal employmen among hese differen minima. The employmen weighs used o calculae he counry average are based on he disribuion of employmen in he German Socio-economic panel (SOEP); in order o apply hese weighs o he secoral minima, i was necessary o mach de definiions of NACE 2-digi secors wih hose ha underlie he classificaion of Tarifbranchen Ialy Daa on minimum wages in Ialy have been exraced from he ISTAT daabase of collecive agreemens used o build he index of he evoluion of wages and salaries (per employee or per hour) deermined by conracual provisions se by collecive agreemens. Consisenly wih ISTAT, average secoral minimum wages are calculaed wih reference o he fixed employmen srucure of he base period (December 2005). In order o accoun for he differences in employmen beween secors, we weighed each secor according o he sum of weighs wihin each secor provided by ISTAT. 2. Compuaion of he Kaiz index 2.1. Indusry- and counry-level Kaiz indices The Kaiz indices used in he paper are defined as he raio of he (secoral or naional) minimum wage o he median wage of he working populaion in each of he one-digi secors of he NACE. While many of he secoral collecive bargaining agreemens are signed a subsecor level, he one-digi NACE is he mos deailed secoral classificaion available in he EU-SILC daabase used in he paper. Prior o calculaing he one-digi Kaiz indices, his limiaion conrained us o compue employmen-weighed averages of he sub-secoral minima. The weighs used in his sep are he ones described in he previous secion. While some inra-secoral variaion of minima is los by averaging wihin one-digi secors, compuing Kaiz indices for one-digi secors allows o accoun for much of he wihin-counry differences beween secors regarding boh minimum raes and median wages. In he case of counries in which wage floors are deermined a he secoral level, boh he numeraor and denominaor of he secoral Kaiz indices include secoral-level informaion. In he case of counries wih a naional sauory wage floor and no secoral differeniaion, only he denominaor (i.e. he median wage) varies beween secors. This can be represened mahemaically as follows: KI MW i, i, (in counries wih secoral minimum raes) Wi,

5 KI MW i, (in counries wih naional sauory minima) Wi, where KI i, is he Kaiz index relaive o secor i in counry c a year, MW i, (MW in counries wih a naional minimum) he corresponding minimum wage and W i, c, he median wage. The Kaiz indices used in he counry-level regressions are employmen-weighed averages of he differen Kaiz indices compued a he one-digi NACE level: N, i, i 1 KI c KI i, where is he share of employmen in indusry i of counry c a year. i, 2.2. Alernaive compuaion of counry-level Kaiz index Raher han averaging he secoral Kaiz indices wihin each counry, an alernaive way o hink abou minimum wages a he counry level is o use he lowes secoral minimum rae in each counry in he regression analysis. We herefore included a robusness es in which he Kaiz index a he counry level corresponds o he raio beween he lowes secoral minimum wage in counry c a year and he median wage in he corresponding counry during he same year: KI Min MW W i,

6 Appendix A5: Robusness ess excluding apprenices and young workers, Ialy and Belgium Overall wage inequaliy Iner-indusry wage inequaliy Dependen variable: (Gini coefficien) (Theil decomposiion) Share of workers paid less han 75% of MW (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Baseline model apprenices & workers <= 18 years Ialy Belgium Baseline model apprenices & workers <= 18 years Ialy Belgium Baseline model apprenices & workers <= 18 years Ialy Belgium Naional minimum wage (NMW) Collecive bargaining coverage (CBC) -0.11*** -0.11*** -0.13*** -0.11*** -0.16*** -0.16*** -0.19*** -0.15** -0.15*** -0.14*** -0.15*** -0.15*** -0.23*** -0.24*** -0.23*** -0.23*** -0.20*** -0.20*** -0.19*** -0.18*** -0.16*** -0.15*** -0.16*** -0.16*** NMW*CBC 0.19*** 0.19*** 0.23*** 0.19*** 0.16** 0.16** 0.23*** 0.16* 0.19*** 0.19*** 0.19*** 0.19*** (0.08) (0.07) (0.08) (0.08) Kaiz index -0.47** -0.48** ** -0.96*** -0.96*** *** -0.48*** *** -0.49*** (0.19) (0.19) (0.36) (0.19) (0.33) (0.33) (0.67) (0.32) (0.13) (0.23) (0.13) (0.13) Kaiz index squared 0.26* 0.28* -0.79** 0.27* 0.71*** 0.71*** *** 0.51*** *** 0.53*** (0.14) (0.14) (0.36) (0.14) (0.25) (0.25) (0.66) (0.25) (0.12) (0.23) (0.11) (0.11) Sex raio Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Occupaional conrols Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Educaional conrols Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Year dummies Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Consan 0.52** 0.46** ** 0.67* 0.66* * (0.19) (0.2) (0.19) (0.19) (0.37) (0.38) (0.32) (0.38) (0.18) (0.18) (0.19) (0.17) R-squared Observaions F-es p-value Significance levels: * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, ***p<0.01. Robus sandard errors are repored beween brackes.

7 Appendix A6: Share of workers earning less han 85 per cen of he corresponding minimum wage Naional minimum wage (NMW) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model ** *** -0.13*** -0.17*** (0.02) (0.02) Collecive bargaining coverage (CBC) 0.02 (0.02) *** -0.19*** -0.19*** NMW*CBC 0.18** 0.16*** 0.21*** (0.07) Kaiz index 0.29*** -0.65*** (0.17) Kaiz index squared 0.72*** (0.15) Sex raio No Yes Yes Yes Yes Occupaional conrols No Yes Yes Yes Yes Educaional conrols No Yes Yes Yes Yes Year dummies No Yes Yes Yes Yes Consan 0.07*** 1.01*** 0.95** (0.02) (0.34) (0.35) (0.27) (0.25) R-squared Observaions F-es p-value Significance levels: * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, ***p<0.01. Robus sandard errors are repored beween brackes.

8 Appendix A7: Regression resuls using an alernaive Kaiz index (i.e. he raio beween he lowes secoral (NACE 1 digi) minimum wage and naional median wage) Dependen variable: Overall wage inequaliy Iner-indusry wage Share of workers earning less han: (Gini index) inequaliy (Theil decomposiion) 75% of he prevailing minimum wage 85% of he prevailing minimum wage Model 4 Model 5 Model 4 Model 5 Model 4 Model 5 Model 4 Model 5 Naional minimum wage (NMW) -0.12*** -0.12*** -0.13** -0.13** -0.11*** *** -0.11*** Collecive bargaining coverage (CBC) -0.27*** -0.27*** -0.21*** -0.21*** -0.12** -0.12*** -0.12** -0.12*** NMW*CBC 0.21*** 0.21*** ** 0.13** 0.12** 0.11** (0.08) (0.08) Kaiz Index -0.15*** ** -1.08** 0.14** -1.19*** (0.28) (0.07) (0.59) (0.40) (0.33) Kaiz Index squared *** 1.23*** (0.25) (0.54) (0.34) (0.31) Sex raio yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Occupaional yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes conrols Educaional conrols yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Year dummies yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Consan 0.43*** 0.44*** * ** *** (0.15) (0.15) (0.35) (0.35) (0.24) (0.23) (0.24) (0.18) R-squared Observaions F-es p-value Significance levels: * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, ***p<0.01. Robus sandard errors are repored beween brackes.

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