Midterm Exam. 2) What are three important things to keep in mind when selecting colors for a map? (5)
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1 Midterm Exam File Name: LASTNAME_Midterm.pdf Make sure to include your Name, UWNetID, course number, and quarter and year, on the document (points will be deducted if you have not identified your work). Use a 12-point black font and double spacing for your answers. Convert the document to an Adobe PDF file (points will be deducted if your file is not in PDF format). Upload the PDF file to Catalyst Collect It by the due time: 6PM. In each of your answers, use screen captures or explain any intermediate steps or tools you used. Always show your work. Question 1. Concept Questions (Short Answers) (15): 1) What is a map projection? Why would you choose to reproject a data layer? (5) The map project can store the coordinated system where the layer should be placed and transform the real 3-D world into a flat, 2-D map. I need to re-project data layer since not every layer is made in the same project, I need to reproject them in order to get them aligned. 2) What are three important things to keep in mind when selecting colors for a map? (5) any of these (or variations on them) would be good: Don't use bright colors next to each other or next to white Use bright colors sparingly as highlights Use other coding for "redundancy" -- e.g., labels and different symbols Use colors that are appropriate for the color blind Use colors that represent reality (e.g., blue for water) 3) What is a resistance layer? Would it more likely be a raster or a vector layer? And, what might you use said resistance layer for? (5) A resistance layer is used in modeling connectivity for animals (or plants). It indicated how difficult it would be to traverse the landscape. Areas with higher resistance values are harder to pass through than areas with lower resistance values. These layers are usually raster layers. Question 2. Geodatabase & Data Management (35) 1) Create a file geodatabase, named with your last name, LASTNAME.gdb, and show a snapshot of the process (5) Answer: Process- Step 1. Click on the ArcCatalog, then right click from M drive. Step 2. Choose file geodatabase, and name as my LASTNAME
2 Results- 2) Import the following data into your geodatabase and show a snapshot of the process and results: (30) a. dem raster layers (location: L:\packgis\forest) For the raster layer, I need to find out the right layer. Choose the Export > Raster to different formats Place the output into my geodatabase: M:\LASTNAME.gdb\dem
3 b. Stream, Stand, and Trail layer from packgis geodatabase (location: L:\packgis\pcgis.mdb\forest) Answer: I can either export each layer from the packgis geodatabase, or here, I plan to import all the layers from my geodatabase. To achieve this, I right click on my geodatabase, choose import -> Feature Classes (Multiple) Choose three layers from packgis geodatabase, then click ok to import them.
4 c. Boundary (polygon) and Soil (polygon) coverage files from forest folders (location: L:\packgis\forest) Since the coverage file has a little bit tricky, my plan is to import the right one into my ArcMap, and export them to my geodatabase.
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6 After import two coverage file layers, I can have all the layers to the next step. Here is the snapshot for my geodatabase. Question 3. Symbology Application (25)
7 1) Display the soils polygon layer with graduated colors based on Windthrow.CD from yellow to orange to red (least to greatest) with 6 classes. (10) 2) Make a table that displays the total area of every soil type (Soil_Name field) (10)
8 Open the soil table, then right click from the Soil_Name, and choose the summarize In the summarize window, choose the Shape_Area to summarize. 3) Display only the Baldhill soil type (Soil_Name field) (5)
9 Question 4 Table Manipulation and Vector Analysis (65) Pack Forest is considering a stand survey or a harvest planning activity. Your job is to lay out some clear information for the director to use in determining if such a survey or plan is necessary. To achieve this, the manager asks you to provide the following results within the Pack Forest Boundary. (Use the data you imported from the CD to your database)
10 1) Provide a summarize table with average age (AGE_2004) and total area (in acres) of each tree species from a stand layer. Be sure to remove the NON-FORESTED species before you summarize the table (10).
11 2) Assume the field AGE_2004 contains the stand age as recorded in Add a field from #1 summary table and calculate the age for (10)
12 3) How many stands (number of polygons) are younger than 40 years old in 2012 (32 years for AGE_2004) and intersect some area that is within 500 ft of a stream? (20) First, I would like to use the select by attribute to get my stand features are younger than 32 years old. Here I would like to use select by locations
13 After I finish my selection, I went back to attribute table, it shows there are 108 stand polygons that intersect within 500ft of a stream 4) Using the stands identified in #3 above, make a map of the stands minus those areas that are within 500 ft of a stream. (10) In order to know what the precise area is of those stand polygon out of 500ft stream, I need to buffer the 500ft of a stream, then remove them from the selected stands. From the Buffer window, the setting is in the snapshot, same as the Remove window.
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15 5) What is the total area of land that is > 500 ft from a stream and is within a stand that is younger than 40 years old 2012 (32 for AGE_2004)? (15) After I got the stand erased by the 500ft of a stream, the rest area I had is >500ft from a stream and is within a stand that is younger than 40 years old. I will check the Shape_Area, and then check the statistics. I had square feet or acres. Question 5 Raster Analysis (60) To understand trail stability and maintenance in the Pack Forest, it is import to have an understanding of slopes. All of your analyses for the following questions should be within the Pack Forest boundary.
16 Use the data you imported from the CD to your database. 1) Show how to set up the environment for starting the spatial analysis (10)(cell size/extent: based on dem layer) 2) Generate a raster that indicates distance from the nearest trail using the trail layer (10) I use the Euclidean Distance and generate the layer, without changing anything, I got the distance layer based on the trail.
17 3) Use the raster calculator to eliminate all distances > 400 ft (10) [Hint: Set Null] Since I do not really know how to set null first, so I went to raster calculator, and type in less than 400ft, I will get the layer with 0/1 value
18 So I type in Set Null tool, and I want my value 0 set to null (nothing), and I got the layer below. 4) Generate the Slope Layer (Use the degree setting) and reclassify the slope layer by the following categories: (15) a. Degree <10 value=1
19 b. Degree value=2 c. Degree >30 value=3 I need to use the dem layer to generate the slope first. Do not why my slope layer did not be clipped by the boundary, so I went back to set my mask as boundary again
20 In order to ease the pain of reclassifying, I went to the symbology, change the categories to 3. After that, I went to reclassify window, change the range of it
21 5) What is the area (in acres) within 400ft of the buffered trail layer with a slope < 30 (show the counts and acres, also the resulting layers) (15) I already got 400ft buffered layer already. Now I am using this to as the mask layer (SetNull_raster1 from #3), and make my slope < 30.
22 Then I use the raster calculator to get the slope is less than 30
23 It has counts, which is square ft, acres.
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