Week 01 Lecture Notes Antelope Valley College Geography 205

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1 I. Introduction to GIS a. Tonight we ll discuss i. What GIS is and isn t ii. Software iii. Data iv. Documents v. File Structure II. GIS a. What it is i. Geographic Information Systems ii. A way of storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data 1. Spatial data are anything that can be tied to a specific location iii. Data driven iv. Requires proper software, hardware, and theoretical understanding v. A collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, storing, updating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information 1. (ESRI s Dictionary of GIS Terminology, 2001). vi. GISs are simultaneously the telescope, the microscope, the computer, and the Xerox machine of regional analysis and synthesis of spatial data 1. (Ron Abler, 1988, From Clarke, 2001) b. What it isn t i. GPS ii. AutoCAD iii. Just about maps c. Forget about maps! i. Yes, we will make maps, but the power of GIS is to not get stuck with them. 1. A map typically has one purpose 2. It can be outdated soon after it is published ii. Data can be changing, evolving things iii. This is why we use layers III. Software a. Commercial products i. ESRI 1. The Microsoft of GIS a. ii. Manifold 1. iii. MapInfo 1. b. Open Source i. GRASS 1. M. Pesses Page 1 of 5

2 IV. ii. QGIS 1. c. Other relevant software i. AutoCAD ii. Adobe Creative Suite iii. MS Access, Oracle, SQL server iv. Google Earth, Google Maps d. Other skills i. Programming ii. Graphic Design iii. Database design iv. A secondary degree or vocation e. ArcGIS i. The industry standard ii. Contains 3 main programs: 1. ArcMap a. Where most analysis and mapping takes place 2. ArcCatalog a. A way to explore and organize GIS data 3. ArcToolbox a. Contains all of the tools that analyze or manipulate data i. Merge two features, extract data, etc. ii. No longer a separate program iii. It comes in three versions 1. ArcGIS ArcView ($1,500) 2. ArcGIS ArcEditor ($10,000) 3. ArcGIS ArcInfo ($14,000) iv. Extensions 1. Spatial Analyst 2. 3D Analyst 3. Survey Analyst f. Other ESRI products i. ArcServer, ArcIMS, MapObjects ii. ArcView GIS 3.x Data a. Shapefile (.SHP et al.) i. Made up of 3 8 separate files ii. ArcGIS reads them as 1 file iii. Vector data only 1. Points, lines, and polygons b. Geodatabase/feature class (.MDB,.GDB) i. A new, more robust way of storing data c. Layer (.LYR) i. Saves the desired look of a dataset d. Coverage i. Older data format, replaced by the geodatabase M. Pesses Page 2 of 5

3 e. Tables (.DBF,.XLS,.CSV) i. Not directly tied to a geographic feature f. Raster images (.SID,.IMG,.TIF) V. Documents (Maps) a..mxd map document file i. This is the main file type for ArcMap that contains your symbology and map layout ii. You analyze & prepare maps in ArcMap, then save them to an.mxd file iii. It only points to the data! b..mxt map document template i. Useful if you plan to make similar maps, an atlas VI. File Structure and Conventions a. Always use Details view i. See Figure 1. Figure 1. Selecting Details View b. Don t let Microsoft think for you! i. Show file extensions 1. Tools Folder Options View Tab Uncheck Hide extensions for known file types Click Apply to all folders 2. See figure 2. M. Pesses Page 3 of 5

4 Figure 2. Showing extensions for files c. Saving i. We will save everything to your workspace 1. Z:\AClasses\Geog205\pesses\[your_name] 2. See Figure Create three folders inside your workspace a. final_project b. gtk_arcgis c. m_arcgis 4. Neatness counts! a. GIS work generates many files b. Your project could be unusable if you get lost in data and slightly different versions! M. Pesses Page 4 of 5

5 Figure 3. Location of workspace ii. File naming conventions 1. Lower case 2. No spaces 3. Use names that make sense iii. Always back up! 1. When working on your final project, use a USB flash memory drive just in case 2. You could get by with 512MB, better to invest in 4GB Figure 4. USB Flash Memory Device iv. Never move data files! 1. This breaks links in the MXD files M. Pesses Page 5 of 5

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