RGI: geo-visualization RGI. The road to. Ron van Lammeren. Centre for Geo-Information 1RL01

Transcription

1 : geo-visualization The road to. Ron van Lammeren RL01

2 Contents Geo-visualisation Types of geo-visualisation Interacting by interfaces Role of geo-visualisation Usability and perception Constructing visualizations Visualisation perspectives Cairo 2RL01

3 References reader : Lo, Yeung : Kraak, Ormeling 3RL01

4 World and Humankind World Digital language Pictorial language Human language 4RL01

5 3000 B.C. 5RL01

6 European Middle Ages 6RL01

7 Ortho-projections 7RL01

8 Mock ups 8RL01

9 Need for different projections 9RL01

10 Winning Still 10 RL01

11 About visualize and geovisualize > An act of cognition, a human ability to develop mental representationsthatallowustoidentifypatternsand create or impose order MacEachren, 1992 > It s a series of transformations that convert raw simulation data into displayable images. The goal of the transformation is to convert the information into a format understanding by the human perceptual system Visvalingam, 1994 > Geovisualization is the use of computers to create representations of spatial data for the purpose of data exploration MacEachren RL01

12 Definitions - 2 Geovisualization (visualization of geographic information),, is the use of concrete visual representations and human visual abilities to make spatial contexts and problems visible Kwan 2003 after MacEachren 1999 geovisualization grows out of research issues concerning the representation of and interaction with large amounts of complex data, though in its case, the data are specifically geospatial (referenced to the earth s surface). Edsall 2003 Geo-visualization - the use of visual geospatial displays to explore data and through that exploration to generate hypotheses, develop problem solutions and construct knowledge Kraak RL01

13 Definitions - 3 Geovisualization is more than the creation of alternative visual representation of the data (after Fairbairn et al. 2001). It also concerns the geocomputational methods and techniques behind processing the images, the environment in which the images are used (i.e., the interface) and the question does it work? (i.e., cognitive aspects) Geovisualization can be described as a loosely bounded domain that addresses the visual exploration, analysis, synthesis and presentation of geospatial data by integrating approaches from cartography with those from other information representation and analysis disciplines, including scientific visualization, image analysis, information visualization, exploratory data analysis and GI Science Kraak 2005 after Dykes, et al., RL01

14 Why to visualise To motivate To demonstrate an idea To create mental models out of spatial elements and their relations To put information in a (spatial) context [ Dransch, 2000; Bill, 2001] Random 14 RL01

15 Types of geo-visualisation reader : Lo, Yeung 1 RL01

16 Zube s classes Static Dynamic Perceptual Photo Photo manipulation Perspective drawing Animation Movie / Video Computer Perspective Conceptual Diagrams Maps Sketches Computer model Digital maps Radar What means dynamic? Landscape visualization by Zube 1987 (!) 2 RL01

17 Real Digital reality 3 RL01

18 Spatial resolution Level I (Current Archive) Level II (Space Shuttle) Level III (RTV) Level IV (RTV) Level V (RTV) 90 m spacing 30 m spacing 10 m spacing 3 m spacing 1 m spacing 4 RL01

19 3D GEO-VISUALIZATION From carto-conceptual into photo-realistic 5 RL01

20 Communicative environment 6 RL01

21 Geo VR use 7 RL01

22 Reality-Virtuality continuum Milgram (1994), Nothelfer (2002) 8 RL01

23 Overview Realism/Perceptual Carto-Symbolic/Conceptual Static Animation Viewer dynamics Object dynamics Stills Digital video Virtual reality VR simulations / games cross-overs!! 9 RL01

24 Geo-data and geo-data visualisation reader : Lo, Yueng : Kraak, Ormeling assignments: 2, 3 and 4 10 RL01

25 Interest in Geo-information Automatic data capture Processing of data by algorithms (of others) Man-computer interaction Digital communication Realisation by robots Separation between data storage and data visualization Freedom of visualization via content, lay out and perspective 11 RL01

26 WDGM-model Figure 2.1: WGDM model (from R. v/d Schans) 12 RL01

27 2 digital models World Visual Presentation by a viewer Digital World Model DWM Digital Visualization Model DVM 13 RL01

28 Content of DWM and DVM Digital World Model (DWM) Digital Visualization Model (DVM) /rgb2cmyk{3{1 exch sub 3 1 roll}repeat 3{dup 5-1 roll sub neg exch}repeat}bd/rgb2g{2 index.299 mul 2 index.587 mul add 1 index.114 mul add 4 1 roll pop pop pop}bd/waldocolor_5 where{pop}{/setrgb/setrgbcolor ld/getrgb /currentrgbcolor ld/setgry/setgray ld/getgry/currentgray ld/setrgb2 systemdict /setrgbcolor get def/getrgb2 systemdict/currentrgbcolor get def/sethsb systemdict/sethsbcolor get def/gethsb systemdict/currenthsbcolor get def /rgb2hsb{setrgb2 GetHsb}bd/hsb2rgb{3-1 roll dup floor sub 3 1 roll SetHsb GetRgb2}bd/setcmykcolor where{pop/setcmyk_5/setcmykcolor ld}{/setcmyk_5{ cmyk2rgb SetRgb}bd}ifelse/currentcmykcolor where{pop/getcmyk/currentcmykcolor ld}{/getcmyk{getrgb rgb2cmyk}bd}ifelse/setoverprint where{pop}{/setoverprint{ /$op xd}bd}ifelse/currentoverprint where{pop}{/currentoverprint 14 RL01

29 Data model development Description of geographic phenomena by location, size, shape and meaning within 2D or 3D geo-reference systems via geographic data models. - static - Description of the changes of geographic phenomena by geographic spatial-temporal models. - dynamic - Ergo: 2D 2D + Δt 3D 3D + Δt 15 RL01

30 Concept GeoVisualisation GeoData 2D 2D + ΔT 3D 3D + ΔT 2D 2D + Δt 2.5D 2D + Δt 3D 3D + Δt 16 RL01

31 Examples 17 RL01

32 Batty s classification Geographic - data driven = vis. 2D data model Geographic - mathematical = vis. 2D simulation model Geometric icons = vis. approximation of 3D. reality Communicative environment = indirect (multi)actor/ avatar interaction Virtual world = direct (multi)actor interaction 18 RL01

33 Geographic data - 2D 19 RL01

34 2D simulation 20 RL01

35 Geographic 2.5D 21 RL01

36 About 2D and 3D 22 RL01

37 Geovisualization items cases RIVM message land use changes LEVEL OF DETAIL information intensity COMPARE LIM. immersion interaction intelligence COGNITIVE MAPS FEEDBACK NAVIGATION, MANIPULATION LIM. LIM. NO Salix 23 RL01