Geo-Visualization. GRS09/10 Ron van Lammeren

Transcription

1 Geo-Visualization GRS09/10 Ron van Lammeren

2 2/30

3 Theory Semiologie Graphique 3/30

4 How to present my geo data? Visualization definitions Map making Cartographic process / 12 steps Visual triggers Theory of Bertin Maps by function by type Geo-information process 4/30

5 Visualization... a definition Definition:.... visualization refers to the process. It s a series of transformations that convert raw simulation data into displayable images to convert the information into a format understanding by the human perceptual system (Visvalingam, 1994) 5/30

6 Types of Visualization Static Dynamic Perceptual (realistic) Photo Photo manipulation Perspective drawing Animation Movie / video Computer perspective Conceptual (abstract) Diagrams Maps Sketches Computer model Digital map Radar Characteristics of landscape visualization; Zube 1987 Focus on Map Making - Cartography 6/30

7 Visualize for thinking and communication Visual thinking Visual communication exploring confronting synthesizing presenting From: DiBiase, 1998 Individual use General public 7/30

8 Generalization the process of selecting and representing information of a map in a way that adapts to the scale of the display medium of the map is meant to be context-specific 8/30

9 9/30

10 Visualization... from the real world to a map World Geo visualization DWM digital model DVM 10/30

11 Content of DWM and DVM Digital World Model (DWM) Digital Visualization Model (DVM) eg EPS, JPG, PNG /rgb2cmyk{3{1 exch sub 3 1 roll}repeat 3{dup 5-1 roll sub neg exch}repeat}bd/rgb2g{2 index.299 mul 2 index.587 mul add 1 index.114 mul add 4 1 roll pop pop pop}bd/waldocolor_5 where{pop}{/setrgb/setrgbcolor ld/getrgb /currentrgbcolor ld/setgry/setgray ld/getgry/currentgray ld/setrgb2 systemdict /setrgbcolor get def/getrgb2 systemdict/currentrgbcolor get def/sethsb systemdict/sethsbcolor get def/gethsb systemdict/currenthsbcolor get def /rgb2hsb{setrgb2 GetHsb}bd/hsb2rgb{3-1 roll dup floor sub 3 1 roll SetHsb GetRgb2}bd/setcmykcolor where{pop/setcmyk_5/setcmykcolor ld}{/setcmyk_5{ 11/30

12 Example: Disaster Map 1-10 victims 10 victims 50 victims flooded land dike break through 12/30

13 Map making: map components Question: What are the map components? 13/30

14 Map making: cartographic process / 12 steps 1. Objective Context 2. Stakeholder 3. Title 4. Legend components 5. Hierarchy 6. Measurement scale 7. Number of classes 8. Graphic symbols 9. Graphic attributes 10. North arrow 11. Map scale 12. Data source 14/30

15 Lay out 15/30

16 16/30

17 Propaganda 17/30

18 Map making: legend (steps 4 7) LEGEND: Water quality good normal bad Number of water samples taken Components = Variables Hierarchy Measurement scale Classes < > 10 Roads main roads 18/30

19 Measurement scale Table: Provinces of the Netherlands 2 attributes Province_ name Area (km2) 19/30

20 Measurement scale Qualitative data Nominal characteristics difference order unit fixed zero Ordinal Quantitative data Interval Ratio 20/30

21 Measurement scale: Exercise Attributes table Provinces Name province Area (ha) Average temp ( C) Average income (Euro) Average income (high, medium, low) Main landuse Water quality (bad/average/good) Number of WU students Measurement scale?? nominal ratio interval ratio ordinal nominal ordinal ratio 21/30

22 Map making: graphic symbols & attributes (steps 7 8) size grey scale (color value) saturation (color chroma) grain / texture color (color hue) direction shape 22/30

23 Map making: graphic symbols & attributes 23/30

24 Laws of perception WHO S AFRAID Color contrast Visual Hierarchy Transparency Interposition 24/30

25 Illusions of movement 25/30

26 Who s afraid of /30

27 Visual hierarchy Example: Number of people per Province in the Netherlands 27/30

28 Example: use of graphic symbols 28/30

29 Colour Light rays RGB Ink particles CMYK 29/30

30 Colour - schemes Hue Value (grey) / lightness Chroma / saturation 30/30

31 Ishihara test 31/30

32 Bertin s theory Measurement scale Graphic attribute 32/30

33 Visual hierarchy /30

34 Maximum differences per graphic attribute graphic attribute point line polygon size colour grain/texture colour hue direction shape /30

35 Reinforcement of graphic variables Netherlands v Austria 2008: Analysis of Klaas Jan Huntelaar 35/30

36 Rule of thumb Quantitative data: use CHROMA / VALUE Qualitative data: use HUE 36/30

37 ArcMap s symbology editor 37/30

38 Bertin s theory: Exercise Attributes table Provinces Name province Area (ha) Average temp ( C) Average income (Euro) Average income (high, medium, low) Main land use Water quality (bad/average/good) Number of WU students Measurement scale nominal ratio interval ratio ordinal nominal ordinal ratio Graphic attribute 38/30

39 Example: /30

40 Example: /30

41 Example: compared 41/30

42 Maps by function: general reference VEENENDAAL EDE RHENEN WAGENINGEN Topographic map 1: KESTEREN ZETTEN 42/30

43 Maps by function: thematic VEENENDAAL EDE RHENEN WAGENINGEN Soil map 1: KESTEREN ZETTEN 43/30

44 Map types 1 Chorochromatic qualitative data difference by means of color hue 44/30

45 Map types 2 Choropleth derived quantitative data on determined administrative units by color value (graduated color scheme) 45/30

46 Map types 3 Dot Location of pigs in the Netherlands = pigs quantitative data by uniform point symbols mostly one to many Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Scale: 1 : /30

47 Map types 4 Histogram quantitative data by uniform bar symbols mostly one to many Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, /30

48 Map types 5 Figurative map representing of qualitative (and quantitative) data by symbols Escape route or running track? Long distance path or steep mountain track? Short walk ways with direction? 48/30

49 Maptype 6: Isolines 49/30

50 Flow map 50/30

51 Cartogram 51/30

52 Cartogram 52/30

53 Geo-Visualisation Time line traditional mapping and mapmaking, 3rd century GIS based, D CAD based, 1980 animation time series, 1990 data exploration different views, 1994 hypermedia, 1994 realistic representations, 1996 demand driven, 2000 wearable computing, 2002 WEB 2.0, SecondLife, scientific visualization, 1987 Google Earth, SketchUp, 2005 Layar, /30

54 Digital Scenes - VR 54/30

55 Augmented reality and 3D (summer 2009) 55/30

56 Geo Visualization Geovisualization can be described as a loosely bounded domain that addresses the visual exploration, analysis, synthesis and presentation of geospatial data by integrating approaches from cartography with those from other information representation and analysis disciplines, including scientific visualization, image analysis, information visualization, exploratory data analysis and GI Science Kraak 2005 after Dykes, et al., /30

57 Summary 12 steps to create a map Map design : visual triggers Graphic symbols Graphic variables Use of Colour Theory of Bertin Map types general reference, thematic choropleth, chorochromatic, dot, cartogram 57/30

58 Study materials: Theory Chang, 2006/2008/2010 Chapter 10: Data display and cartography (not / 10.5) Chapter 9: (not 9.1.2/9.5) Chapter 11: Data exploration (11.5) Chapter 10: (10.2) Practical: GRS practical manual, 2006 Module 4: Map presentation Wageningen UR Have a look at: