IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice

Transcription

1 IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice 1. Which compound has the shortest C N bond? CH 3NH 2 (CH 3) 3CNH 2 CH 3CN CH 3CHNH 2. Which of the following series shows increasing hydrogen bonding with water? Propane < propanal < propanol < propanoic acid Propane < propanol < propanal < propanoic acid Propanal < propane < propanoic acid < propanol Propanoic acid < propanol < propanal < propane 3. Which combination describes the sulfate(iv) ion, SO 3 2 (also known as sulfite ion)? 4. Which correctly states the strongest intermolecular forces in the compounds below? 5. What is the order of increasing boiling point? C 4H 10 < CH 3COOH < CH 3CH 2CHO < CH 3CH 2CH 2OH C 4H 10 < CH 3CH 2CHO < CH 3CH 2CH 2OH < CH 3COOH CH 3COOH < CH 3CH 2CH 2OH< CH 3CH 2CHO < C 4H 10 C 4H 10 < CH 3CH 2CH 2OH < CH 3CH 2CHO < CH 3COOH 6. A substance has the following properties: What is the most probable structure of this substance? Network covalent Polar covalent molecule Ionic lattice Metallic lattice 1

2 7. Which bonds cause the boiling point of water to be significantly greater than that of hydrogen sulfide? London (dispersion) Covalent Ionic Hydrogen 8. What are the approximate bond angles and structure of crystalline SiO 2? 9. Which metal has the strongest metallic bond? Li Na K Rb 10. Which of the following does not react with dilute HCl(aq)? Na 2CO 3 Cu Zn CuO 11. How many bonding electrons are there in the urea molecule?

3 12. What is the hybridization state and electron domain geometry around the circled C, N and O atoms? 13. How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are present in this molecule? 14. Which combination describes the PH 4 + ion? 3

4 15. Which combination describes the bonding and structure in benzoic acid, C 6H 5COOH? 16. Which species have resonance structures? I. Ozone, O 3 II. Carbon dioxide, CO 2 III. Benzene, C 6H Which does not show resonance? PO 4 3 C 6H 6 C 6H 12 O Which statement is correct? Sigma bonds are formed only by the combination of s atomic orbitals. Pi bonds can be formed in the absence of sigma bonds. Pi bonds are formed parallel to the axis between atoms. Pi bonds are formed only by the combination of hybrid orbitals. 19. Which compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds? SiH 4 NaNO 3 H 2CO Na 2S 20. Which compound has resonance structures? C 6H 12 CH 3CHO NaBr Na 2CO 3 4

5 21. Between which pair of molecules can hydrogen bonding occur? CH 4 and H 2O CH 3OCH 3 and CF 4 CH 4 and HF CH 3OH and H 2O 22. Which substance has a giant covalent structure? 23. Which of the following are van der Waals forces? I. Dipole-dipole forces II. Hydrogen bonds III. London (dispersion) forces 24. Which pair of molecules has the same bond angles? PCl 3 and BCl 3 SO 2 and CO 2 H 2O and NH 3 CCl 4 and SiH Which molecule is non-polar? OF 2 NH 3 BF 3 SO How many electrons form the carbon oxygen bond in methanal, HCHO? Which species breaks the octet rule? PCl 3 BF 4 SCl 4 NH 4 + 5

6 28. In which group do both compounds contain delocalized electrons? C 6H 10, C 5H 10 Na 2CO 3, NaOH NaHCO 3, C 6H 6 NaHCO 3, C 6H Which species has bond angles of 90? AlCl 4 - Cl 4 - NH 4 + SiCl What is the hybridization of the numbered atoms in ethanoic acid? 31. Which of the following is correct? 32. Which molecules react to form a dative covalent (coordinate) bond? and and and HF Cl 2 and HF 33. What describes the relationship between diamond, graphite and fullerene? Allotropes Isomers Isotopes Polymers 6

7 34. Which forces are present between molecules of carbon dioxide in the solid state? Permanent dipole-permanent dipole interactions Temporary dipole-induced dipole interactions (London/dispersion forces) Covalent bonding Ionic bonding 35. The following compounds have similar molar masses: What is the order of increasing boiling points? 36. What describes the structure of silicon and silicon dioxide? 37. Which species contain a dative covalent (coordination or coordinate) bond? I. Carbon monoxide, CO II. Ammonia, III. Oxonium ion, 38. Which combination of shape and bond angle best describes a molecule of sulfur dioxide,? 7

8 39. The formula of gallium phosphate is. What is the correct formula of gallium sulfate? GaS 40. What is correct for? 41. Which molecules have hybridization? I. II. III. 42. Which diagrams can be used to represent the Lewis (electron dot) structure of boron trifluoride? 43. Which correctly lists butane, propanone, propan-1-ol and propan- 2-ol in order of increasing boiling point? 8

9 44. Which combination of shape and bond angle is correct for a molecule of xenon tetrafluoride,? 45. Which combination correctly describes the types of hybridization shown by the two carbon atoms labelled and and the oxygen atom labelled in the molecule of paracetamol shown below? 46. What is the shape and the bond angle of the molecule? 9

10 47. What is the correct order of increasing boiling point? 48. Zinc metal contains metallic bonding. Which is the best description of a metallic bond? The electrostatic attraction between a pair of electrons and positively charged nuclei. The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons. The bond formed when one atom provides both electrons in a shared pair. 49. Which properties do typical ionic compounds have? 50. Which compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonding? I. II. NaCl III. NaOH 51. Which sequence has the molecules in order of increasing nitrogen-nitrogen bond length? 52. What is the correct number of sigma and pi bonds in prop-2-enenitrile,? 10

11 53. Which group of ions and molecules has delocalized electrons in all the species? and and and graphite and 54. A solid has a melting point of 1582 C and does not dissolve in water. It does not conduct electricity in the molten state. What type of structure does the solid have? Ionic Metallic Giant molecular Simple molecular 55. The diagrams below show and orbitals in different positions. Which combinations can form a - bond? 56. Which species contain delocalized electrons? 57. What is the difference between the strength and the length of the carbon-oxygen bond in butanal and in butan-1-ol? The bond in butanal is stronger and longer than in butan-1-ol. The bond in butanal is weaker and shorter than in butan-1-ol. The bond in butanal is weaker and longer than in butan-1-ol. The bond in butanal is stronger and shorter than in butan-1-ol. 58. Which allotropes of carbon show hybridization? I. Diamond II. Graphite III. fullerene 11

12 59. Which molecule is trigonal bipyramidal in shape? 60. Which combination of properties is correct? 61. What is the formula of calcium nitride? 62. Which compounds have an ionic lattice structure in the solid state? I. Silicon dioxide II. Sodium fluoride III. Ammonium nitrate 63. The Lewis (electron dot) structure of aspirin is represented below. What are the approximate values of the bond angles, and, in the molecule? 12

13 64. Which compound has the highest boiling point? 65. Which statement best describes ionic bonding? It is the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons and occurs by the transfer of electrons. It is the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions and occurs by the transfer of electrons. It is the electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions and occurs by the sharing of electrons. It is the electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and electrons and occurs by the sharing of electrons. 66. Which statements concerning the sodium chloride ionic lattice are correct? I. Sodium ions are larger than chloride ions. II. Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions. III. Each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions. 67. Which combination best describes the type of bonding present and the melting point of silicon and silicon dioxide? 68. Which statements are correct about hydrogen bonding? I. It is an electrostatic attraction between molecules. II. It is present in liquid ammonia. III. It is a permanent dipole-permanent dipole attraction. 69. Which is the best description of a metallic bond? Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Electrostatic attraction between a pair of electrons and positively charged nuclei Electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons Electrostatic attraction for a bonding pair of electrons which have been supplied by one of the atoms 13

14 70. Which statements about graphite are correct? I. Carbon atoms are held in layers with weak attractions between layers. II. Graphite is a non-metal which conducts electricity. III. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms. 71. Which series shows increasing boiling points? 72. Which compounds have an ionic lattice structure in the solid state? I. Silicon dioxide II. Sodium fluoride III. Ammonium nitrate 73. How many sigma and pi bonds are there in? 13 and 5 15 and 2 15 and 3 15 only 74. What is the hybridization of atoms X, Y and Z in epinephrine? 14

15 75. What are the hybridizations of the atoms labelled 1, 2 and 3 in the molecule below? 76. How many sigma ( ) and pi ( ) bonds are there in the following molecule? 77. Which species have delocalized electrons? I. II. III. 78. Diamond, C 60 fullerene and graphite are allotropes of carbon. Which statements are correct about these allotropes? I. In diamond each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement. II. In C 60 fullerene each carbon is held in a trigonal arrangement. III. In graphite each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement. 15

16 79. Which statement about the physical properties of substances is correct? The only solids that conduct electricity are metals. All substances with covalent bonds have low melting points. Ionic solids are always brittle. All metals have high densities. 80. What is the formula of magnesium nitride? 81. Which single covalent bond is the most polar, given the following electronegativity values? C O S H C H O H 82. The Lewis (electron dot) structure of paracetamol (acetaminophen) is: What are the approximate values of the bond angles? 83. fullerene consists of a simple molecular structure. Silicon dioxide,, can be described as a giant covalent (macromolecular) structure. Which statements are correct? I. Each carbon atom in fullerene is bonded in a sphere of 60 carbon atoms, consisting of pentagons and hexagons. II. Each O Si O bond angle in is 180. III. is insoluble in water. 16

17 84. Which compound has the lowest boiling point? 85. Retinol (vitamin A) contains a total of 5 double bonds and 46 single bonds. Which statements are correct? I. There are 51 and 5 bonds. II. The oxygen atom is hybridized. III. Retinol is a primary alcohol. 86. Zinc metal contains metallic bonding. Which is the best description of a metallic bond? The electrostatic attraction between a pair of electrons and positively charged nuclei. The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons. The bond formed when one atom provides both electrons in a shared pair. 87. Which species contain dative covalent bonds? I. CO II. III. 88. Which row correctly describes the bonding type and melting point of carbon and carbon dioxide? 17

18 89. What is the correct order of increasing boiling points? 90. Which is the correct Lewis structure for ethene? 91. Which bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity? H F H Cl H Br H I H I H Br H F H Cl H I H Br H Cl H F H Br H I H Cl H F 92. What are the correct formulas of the following ions? 93. Which compound forms hydrogen bonds in the liquid state? 18

19 94. How do the bond angles in, and compare? 95. Which combination of the characteristics of element X, a metal, and element Y, a non metal, is most likely to lead to ionic bonding? 96. Which particles are responsible for electrical conductivity in metals? Anions Cations Electrons Protons 97. What is the correct Lewis structure for hypochlorous acid, a compound containing chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen? 98. Which molecule has a non-bonding (lone) pair of electrons on the central atom? 99. When, and are arranged in order of increasing carbon-carbon bond strength (weakest bond first), what is the correct order? 19

20 100. The number of electrons in the valence shell of elements A and B, are 6 and 7 respectively. What is the formula and type of bonding in a compound formed by these elements?, covalent, covalent, ionic, ionic 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. D 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. B 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. C 55. C 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. C 60. A 61. A 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. B 66. C 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. C 73. C 74. A 75. B 76. C 77. C 78. A 79. C 80. B 81. D 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. D 86. C 87. B 88. A 89. A 90. A 91. C 92. C 93. A 94. D 95. A 96. C 97. C 98. B 99. C 100. B 20