Properties of Matter BEFORE READING BUILD BACKGROUND PREVIEW TEXT AND GRAPHICS

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1 READING FOCUS SKILLS: Main Idea and Details, Cause and Effect VOCABULARY: density, gas, liquid, mass, matter, mixture, solid, solubility, solution, state of matter, suspension, volume EXTENSIONS: Writing, Science, Math BEFORE READING BUILD BACKGROUND Write solid, liquid, and gas on the board. Invite students to think of ways in which they use solids, liquids, and gases every day. Is a book a solid, liquid, or gas? solid What is air? gas What is milk? liquid Then challenge students to explain what a solid, liquid, and gas are. Tell them they will be learning more about the differences between solids, liquids, and gases in this Reader. PREVIEW TEXT AND GRAPHICS After reading the title, give students time to look at the pictures and captions throughout the Reader. What will you learn about matter in this Reader? possible answers: what it is, about its properties, how to measure it, how it changes What are some ways in which things can be combined? in mixtures, solutions, suspensions GRADE 4 WORD COUNT 16 GENRE Expository Nonfiction LEVEL On-Level New Dale-Chall 4 Lexile 630L Guided Reading P SUMMARY Matter and its properties are discussed. The Reader also covers states of matter and mixtures. Harcourt Leveled Readers Online Copyright by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding Science Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 62 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida Fax: HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN ISBN If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. 1

2 READING FOCUS SKILL: MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS Remind students that in nonfiction, the main idea of a book is often given in the title. The sections, or chapters, give details that support that main idea. What is the main idea of this Reader? Matter has properties. Invite several volunteers to open their Readers to any two-page spread, skim the section headings, text, and photographs, and tell at least one detail, or property, of matter mentioned. How do those details support the main idea? They confirm that matter does have properties. DURING READING OPTIONS FOR READING You may have students read individually or in pairs, pausing at each focus skill icon to respond to the question or statement. Or, you may use a Directed Reading approach, having students read and discuss the book in segments as suggested. Conclude the discussion of a segment by discussing the focus skill icon questions. Have students revisit the text to identify the words and sentences that helped them arrive at their responses. MONITOR COMPREHENSION Pages 2 What is matter? anything that takes up space Have students explain how air can be matter. Name some physical properties of matter. Ask students what mass is. How can a small object have a lot of mass? Its particles are packed tightly. Ask students to explain what volume is. What does density measure? the amount of matter in an object compared to the space it takes up READING FOCUS SKILL: CAUSE AND EFFECT Remind students that what makes something happen is a cause; what happens is the effect. Draw attention to the photograph on page to review cause-and-effect relationships. What caused the balloon to get so big? air What would be the effect if the air were pumped out? The balloon would collapse; or it would not be so big. Tell students to look for cause-andeffect relationships as they read the next section of the Reader. 2

3 Pages 6 9 Have students name the three states of matter and tell the characteristics of a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Ask them to describe what happens to matter when it is heated or cooled. How does a temperature change affect the particles of matter? As matter heats up, the particles move faster and spread out; as matter cools, the particles move slowly. Pages Ask students to explain what a mixture is and how it can be separated. Discuss what a solution is and have students name a few. What does solubility measure? how much of one material will dissolve in another What happens when you put too much sugar in iced tea? some sugar does not dissolve Pages 14 1 Invite students to explain the difference between solutions and suspensions. What happens to the ingredients in a bottle of salad dressing that sits on a shelf? Some ingredients float. Ask students why they need to shake the bottle to form a suspension. BUILD VOCABULARY Review the pronunciation and meaning of the Glossary terms. Ask students to choose four of the terms and write a sentence with each that includes a simile that describes it. Explain that similes are comparisons that use the words like or as. Give several examples, such as The lamp was as bright as the sun; and The door squeaked like a mouse. When students finish writing, have them share their similes with the class. Independent Practice Vocabulary Copying Master, page USING THE READER WITH ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Write density on the board and circle the suffix -ity. Explain that these letters change the root word, dense, from an adjective to a noun. Use the adjective in a sentence, There are many trees in a dense forest, then the noun, Pine has less density than lead. Ask students to make a reasonable guess as to whether the vocabulary word solubility is a verb or noun, and what the root word might be. THINK AND WRITE AFTER READING 1. Accept any reasonable answers. One possible answer: A desk is matter, and heat is not matter. 2. One possible answer: It can easily transfer heat. 3

4 3. The particles in a solid are tightly packed together. If a solid changes to a liquid, the particles pass each other but stay close together. If a liquid becomes a gas, the particles move far apart and spread out. 4. Students menus should demonstrate an understanding of the difference between mixtures and solutions. For example: a lettuce and tomato salad is a mixture because you can see the different ingredients; hot tea is a solution. 6 Independent Practice Comprehension Copying Master, page 6 READ FOR FLUENCY Have students work in pairs. Ask them to choose and read aloud favorite parts of the Reader to one another. Independent or Paired Practice page Oral Reading Fluency Copying Master, EXTENSIONS In addition to the following activities, you may choose activities from the Project Cards for students to do after reading. Changeable States (Writing) Have students write short fiction stories about a time when matter changed states as someone was using it. Brainstorm ideas, such as eating solid ice cream or chocolate on a hot day and it melts on hands and clothing as a liquid, or leaving a container of liquid fruit juice or milk outside on a freezing day and it turns solid. Encourage students to make their stories humorous. Invite students to share their stories with the class. Party Planner (Science) Have students plan a party. Ask them to make a three-column list for all the items they will need and label the columns Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Explain that students can include gas-filled balloons in the Solid and Liquid columns. Brainstorm other suggestions. Talk about how some items could fit into more than one category. Ice Cream Container (Math) Remind students that scientists use the metric system. Challenge them to calculate the density of a carton of ice cream that has a mass of 100 grams and a volume of 100 cubic centimeters. Remind students that they need to divide the mass by the volume to figure out the density, or how many grams per cubic centimeter there are. 1 gram per cubic centimeter 4

5 Name Vocabulary Code Key B D E I L M N O P R S T U V X Y Read each clue. Use the Code Key to help you spell the answer. 1. the amount of space an object takes up found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume a uniform mixture of two or more substances substances combined without changing any properties particles of one ingredient float in another how much of a material will dissolve in another

6 Name Comprehension 6 Circle the letter next to the correct answer. 1. Which is an example of matter? A. heat B. air C. thoughts D. light 2. The amount of matter an object contains is its A. volume. B. density. C. solution. D. mass. 3. Which is NOT a state of matter?. Strawberries on cereal is an example of A. a suspension. B. a solution. C. a mixture. D. none of the above. 6. Drops of water in the air on a foggy day is an example of a A. mixture. B. separation. C. solution. D. suspension. A. gas B. liquid C. texture D. solid 4. In a solid, such as ice, the particles A. are tightly packed together. B. move quickly and spread out. C. move even faster. D. are very far apart. 6

7 Name Practice reading these words aloud. Oral Reading Fluency density gas liquid mass matter mixture solid solubility solution state of matter suspension volume Practice reading the phrases aloud. Then practice reading the sentences aloud. Keep practicing until you express the meaning of each sentence clearly. 1. Matter is / anything that / takes up space. 2. One physical property / of metal / is that / it can / easily transfer / heat and electricity. 3. Volume is / the amount of space / that matter / takes up. 4. Particles / in a gas / move quickly / and far apart / from one another.. Dry ice goes / from a solid / to a gas / without becoming / a liquid. 6. A solution is / different kinds of matter / that are / completely mixed / with one another.. Solubility is / a measure of / how much material / will dissolve / in another material. 8. A suspension is / a kind of mixture / in which / one part of the mixture / floats in another part. Work with a partner. Take turns reading the sentences and listening to each other. Is the meaning of the sentence clear? Work together to improve fluency.

8 Name Code Key Read each clue. Use the Code Key to help you spell the answer. Vocabulary B D E I L M N O P R S T U V X Y the amount of space an object takes up 2. found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume 3. a uniform mixture of two or more substances 4. substances combined without changing any properties. particles of one ingredient float in another 6. how much of a material will dissolve in another volume density solution mixture suspension solubility Name Circle the letter next to the correct answer. 1. Which is an example of matter? A. heat B. air C. thoughts D. light 2. The amount of matter an object contains is its A. volume. B. density. C. solution. D. mass. 3. Which is NOT a state of matter? A. gas B. liquid C. texture D. solid 4. In a solid, such as ice, the particles A. are tightly packed together. B. move quickly and spread out. C. move even faster. D. are very far apart. Comprehension 6. Strawberries on cereal is an example of A. a suspension. B. a solution. C. a mixture. D. none of the above. 6. Drops of water in the air on a foggy day is an example of a A. mixture. B. separation. C. solution. D. suspension. 6 Name Oral Reading Fluency Student Worksheets Practice reading these words aloud. density gas liquid mass matter mixture solid solubility solution state of matter suspension volume Practice reading the phrases aloud. Then practice reading the sentences aloud. Keep practicing until you express the meaning of each sentence clearly. 1. Matter is / anything that / takes up space. 2. One physical property / of metal / is that / it can / easily transfer / heat and electricity. 3. Volume is / the amount of space / that matter / takes up. 4. Particles / in a gas / move quickly / and far apart / from one another.. Dry ice goes / from a solid / to a gas / without becoming / a liquid. 6. A solution is / different kinds of matter / that are / completely mixed / with one another.. Solubility is / a measure of / how much material / will dissolve / in another material. 8. A suspension is / a kind of mixture / in which / one part of the mixture / floats in another part. You may use the three worksheets included here to revisit science content and vocabulary. Vocabulary enables students to show mastery of science vocabulary through a word- and concept-based activity. Comprehension may be used to review or test students recall of the content. Oral Reading Fluency reinforces key science concepts through practice in oral reading for meaning. Work with a partner. Take turns reading the sentences and listening to each other. Is the meaning of the sentence clear? Work together to improve fluency. ISBN-13: ISBN-10: Book Title Harcourt Leveled Readers Online 8