Experiment 15. The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory of Directed Valency: An exercise
|
|
- Gilbert Evans
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Experiment 15 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory of Directed Valency: An exercise Attempts to understand and predict the shapes of molecules using either the valencebond theory or the molecular orbital theory are quite different. However, the VSEPR theory has the advantage that the structures of molecules can be understood and rationalized in terms of the repulsions between the electron pairs in valence shells without making any use of the concept of hybrid orbitals. By learning a few rules, students can learn to predict quite favorably the geometry of many molecules. According to the VSEPR theory, the arrangement of bonds around any one atomic center depends on the number of electron pairs surrounding this atom. Electron pairs repel each other and try to stay as far apart from other electron pairs as possible. Using simple geometry, it can be shown that the most probable arrangements of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 electron pairs around a central atom are linear, trigonal (equilateral triangle), tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramid, and octahedral, respectively. These general bonding classifications are illustrated in Figure 151. Knowing these bonding classifications and their relation to electron pairs surrounding a central atom A, we may predict the shapes of many molecules. The prescription given below has been selected because it allows for accurate prediction of the shapes of a greater number of molecules than do the more simple methods. 1 1 Two such methods briefly state: (a) Write the Lewis structure for the compound and from this determine the number of shared and lone pairs. (b) Add the group numbers of and the number of ligands and divide by two to obtain the number of electron pairs.
2 Method for Determining Ligand Lone Pair Configurations in Space 2 1. Find the total number of valence electrons for the central atom plus the ligand atoms. If charged species are involved, add or subtract the magnitude of charge from the above total depending on whether the charge is or The number of bonding electrons to be distributed in pairs about the central atom is just twice the number of ligand atoms. Hence, the total number of bonds should equal the number of ligands. 3. Find the total number of remaining ligand electrons, those that are needed to satisfy the octet rule for the ligands. 4. Compute the number of nonbinding electrons by subtracting the sum of the bonding and remaining ligand electrons from the total number of valence electrons. 5. Distribute the bonding and nonbonding electrons in pairs about the central atom. Remember the bonding electrons are associated with ligands and the nonbonding electrons are lone pairs. 6. Once the number of bonding and nonbonding electrons pairs distributed about the central atom is known, use Figure 151 to predict the approximate geometry. Familiarize yourself with the method by proving the CH 4 is tetrahedral because C has four bonding pairs; PCl 5 is trigonal bipyramid because it has five bonding pairs; and H 2 O is tetrahedral because it has two bonding and two nonbonding pairs. 2 The present method is quite adequate for making predictions when the molecule contains only single bonds. If other than single bonds are involved, the number of shared electrons is not restricted by the theory to only two per bond. Such cases are discussed in the references listed on page.
3 Application of the Method The following binary molecules and ions are to be analyzed according to the outline given below. BeCl 2 SiCl 4 SF 6 ICl 5 BF 3 2 SiCl 6 ICl O 3 PCl 3 SCl 2 ICl 2 XeF 4 PCl 5 SeCl 4 ICl 3 CF CH 3 CH 3 CO 3 PH 2 1. Using electron pair repulsion theory, determine the approximate geometry of the molecule. 2. Draw a sketch of the molecule showing bonding electron pairs, ligands and nonbonding electron pairs. 3. Construct a model of the molecule if necessary, (pipe cleaners may be used in place of toothpicks and may also be used to represent electrons). 4. From the molecular geometry, give the values of the angles between bonds and predict how these ideal angles would be distorted in a real molecule due to the unequal interaction of the lone pairlone pair, lone pairbond pair, and bond pairbond pair interactions. 5. Use Table 151 and determine the approximate distance between the central atom and the ligands. 6. Predict whether or not the molecule would have a dipole moment.
4 Table 151 Some Covalent Radii Atom Covalent Radius (pm) Be 90 B 82 P 106 Si 111 S 102 I 133 Cl 99 F 72 C (single) 77 Se 116 H 32 O (single) 73 Xe 131 To be done after the discussion of valence bond theory: 7. Rationalize the bonding in each of the above molecules by invoking the type of hybridization which best explains the molecular geometry that is observed.
5 VSEPR total electron pairs 2 sp orbital hybridization AX 2 linear AX 3 trigonal planar AX 2 E Bent 3 sp 2 AX 4 tetrahedral AX 3 E trigonal pyramidal AX 2 E 2 bent 4 sp 3 AX 5 trigonal bipyramidal AX 4 E seesaw AX 3 E 2 Tshaped AX 2 E 3 Linear 5 sp 3 d AX 6 octahedral AX 5 E square pyramidal AX 4 E 2 square planar 6 sp 3 d 2
6 Fill in the following table Electron Dot Structures and VSEPR Name Molecule Bond class Dot structure Electron Molecular Bond Net dipole Geometry Geometry distance Include angles BeCl 2 SiCl 4 BF 3 PCl 3 PCl 5 CH 3
7 SF 6 SiCl 6 2 SCl 2 SeCl 4 CH 3 + ICl 5 ICl 2
8 ICl 3 CO 3 2 O 3 XeF 4 CF 4 PH 2
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to : (a) Explain Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR) (b) Draw the basic molecular shapes: linear, planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral.
More informationMolecular Geometry. Valence Shell Electron Pair. What Determines the Shape of a Molecule? Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) Localized Electron Model
Molecular Geometry Learn Shapes you will Because the physical and chemical properties of compounds are tied to their structures, the importance of molecular geometry can not be overstated. Localized Electron
More informationMolecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory
Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory The Valence -Shell Electron -Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model predicts the shapes of the molecules and ions by assuming that the valence shell electron pairs
More informationChapter 13: Phenomena
Chapter 13: Phenomena Phenomena: Scientists measured the bond angles of some common molecules. In the pictures below each line represents a bond that contains 2 electrons. If multiple lines are drawn together
More informationGeneral and Inorganic Chemistry I.
General and Inorganic Chemistry I. Lecture 1 István Szalai Eötvös University István Szalai (Eötvös University) Lecture 1 1 / 29 Outline István Szalai (Eötvös University) Lecture 1 2 / 29 Lewis Formulas
More informationStructures, Shapes and Polarity. of Molecules. Level 2 recap: - Polar and non polar bonds - Lewis diagrams - Lone pairs - Shapes - Polarity
Structures, Shapes and Polarity Level 2 recap: - Polar and non polar bonds - Lewis diagrams - Lone pairs - Shapes - Polarity of Molecules Do now: Brainstorm what you know/remember about these L2 concepts
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 1
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. How to get the book of
More informationFill in the chart below to determine the valence electrons of elements 3-10
Chemistry 11 Atomic Theory IV Name: Date: Block: 1. Lewis Diagrams 2. VSEPR Lewis Diagrams Lewis diagrams show the bonding between atoms of a molecule. Only the outermost electrons of an atom (called electrons)
More informationVSEPR. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Vocabulary: domain = any electron pair or bond (single, double or triple) is considered one domain. bonding pair = shared pair = any electron pair that
More informationSubtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY
Subtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES (covalent bonding) 1. Draw the Lewis structure of covalent molecules (octet rule such as NH 3, CCl 4, H 2 O, CO 2, N 2 O 4, and exception to
More informationChapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 1
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 1 Molecular geometry is the general shape of a molecule, as determined by the relative positions
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometries. and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Coverage of Chapter 9 9.1 All 9.2 All 9.3 All 9.4 All 9.5 Omit Hybridization Involving d Orbitals 9.6 All 9.7 and 9.8 Omit ALL MOLECULAR SHAPES The shape
More informationLewis structures show the number and type of bonds between atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion.
VSEPR & Geometry Lewis structures show the number and type of bonds between atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion. Lewis structures are not intended to show the 3-dimensional structure (i.e. shape or geometry)
More informationValence Shell Electron Pair repulsion
Molecular Geometry Valence Shell Electron Pair repulsion The valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR model) assumes that electron pairs repel one another. (VSEPR) model gives helps determine
More informationElectron Geometry Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Shape and Hybridized Orbitals CH2000: Introduction to General Chemistry, Plymouth State University Introduction: In chemistry, the three dimensional shape of a molecule is as important as the
More informationLewis Structure. Lewis Structures & VSEPR. Octet & Duet Rules. Steps for drawing Lewis Structures
Lewis Structure Lewis Structures & VSEPR Lewis Structures shows how the are arranged among the atoms of a molecule There are rules for Lewis Structures that are based on the formation of a Atoms want to
More informationLewis Dot Structures for Methane, CH 4 The central C atom is bonded by single bonds (-) to 4 individual H atoms
Chapter 10 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Bonding Theory and Molecular Structure This chapter deals with two additional approaches chemists use to describe chemical bonding: valence-shell electron pair
More informationEx. 1) F F bond in F = 0 < % covalent, no transfer of electrons
#60 Notes Unit 8: Bonding Ch. Bonding I. Bond Character Bonds are usually combinations of ionic and covalent character. The electronegativity difference is used to determine a bond s character. Electronegativity
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 1 Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry (10.1) Dipole Moments (10.2) Valence Bond Theory (10.3) Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
More informationEXPERIMENT #13 Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry
OBJECTIVES: EXPERIMENT #13 s and Draw Lewis structures of atoms, ions, and molecules Build models of linear, trigonal planar tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral arrangements of electron pairs
More informationName: Period: Date: What Is VSEPR? Now explore the Compare Two Structures link. Try changing the display to explore different combinations.
Name: Period: Date: What Is VSEPR? Exploring The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model. Go to the Purdue University website to explore VSEPR theory. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/vsepr/structur2.html
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometry. Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Sulfanilamide Lewis Structures and the Real 3D-Shape of Molecules Lewis Theory of Molecular Shape and Polarity
More informationShapes of Molecules and Hybridization
Shapes of Molecules and Hybridization A. Molecular Geometry Lewis structures provide us with the number and types of bonds around a central atom, as well as any NB electron pairs. They do not tell us the
More informationCHAPTER 8. Molecular Structure & Covalent Bonding Theories
CAPTER 8 Molecular Structure & Covalent Bonding Theories 1 Chapter Goals 1. A Preview of the Chapter 2. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory 3. Polar Molecules:The Influence of Molecular
More informationElectron Geometry Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Shape and Hybridized Orbitals CH2000: Introduction to General Chemistry, Plymouth State University, Fall 2014 Introduction: In chemistry, the three dimensional shape of a molecule is as important
More informationMolecular Geometry & Polarity
Molecular Geometry & Polarity Learn Shapes you will Because the physical and chemical properties of compounds are tied to their structures, the importance of molecular geometry can not be overstated. Localized
More informationMolecular Geometry. Objectives N H H. The objectives of this laboratory are to:
Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are to: Molecular Geometry Write Lewis structure representations of the bonding and valence electrons in molecules. Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular
More informationCheck Your Solution A comparison with the figures in Figure 4.31 on page 234 of the student textbook confirms the results.
Predicting the Shape of a Molecule (Student textbook page 236) 11. What molecular shape is represented by each of the following VSEPR notations? a. AX 3 b. AX 5 E You need to assign a molecular shape that
More informationIntroduction to VSEPR Theory 1
1 Class 8: Introduction to VSEPR Theory Sec 10.2 VSEPR Theory: The Five Basic Shapes Two Electron Groups: Linear Geometry Three Electron Groups: Trigonal Planar Geometry Four Electron Groups: Tetrahedral
More informationCovalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
CHM 123 Chapter 8 Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure 8.1 Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory VSEPR theory proposes that the geometric arrangement of terminal atoms, or groups of
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: and ybridization of Atomic rbitals Chapter 10 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model: Predict the geometry of the molecule from the electrostatic repulsions between the
More informationExample: Write the Lewis structure of XeF 4. Example: Write the Lewis structure of I 3-. Example: Select the favored resonance structure of the PO 4
Expanded valence shells (extended octets) more than 8e - around a central atom Extended octets are formed only by atoms with vacant d-orbitals in the valence shell (p-elements from the third or later periods)
More informationCh 13: Covalent Bonding
Ch 13: Covalent Bonding Section 13: Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion 1. Recall the rules for drawing Lewis dot structures 2. Remember the special situations: - Resonance structures - ormal charges
More informationExperiment 21 Lewis structures and VSEPR Theory
Experiment 21 Lewis structures and VSEPR Theory Introduction 1. Lewis Structures and Formal Charge LG.N. Lewis, at the University of California at Berkeley devised a simple way to understand the nature
More informationAdapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction
Adapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction A chemical bond is an intramolecular (within the molecule) force holding two or more atoms together. Covalent
More informationLecture 17 - Covalent Bonding. Lecture 17 - VSEPR and Molecular Shape. Lecture 17 - Introduction. Lecture 17 - VSEPR and Molecular Shape
Chem 103, Section F0F Unit VI - Compounds Part II: Covalent Compounds Lecture 17 Using the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory to predict molecular shapes Molecular shape and polarity
More informationChemical Bonding II. Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds Hybridization MO theory
Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds ybridization MO theory 1 Molecular Geometry 3-D arrangement of atoms 2 VSEPR Valence-shell
More informationCHAPTER TEN MOLECULAR GEOMETRY MOLECULAR GEOMETRY V S E P R CHEMICAL BONDING II: MOLECULAR GEOMETRY AND HYBRIDIZATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS
CHAPTER TEN CHEMICAL BONDING II: AND HYBRIDIZATION O ATOMIC ORBITALS V S E P R VSEPR Theory In VSEPR theory, multiple bonds behave like a single electron pair Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)
More informationLecture outline: Section 9. theory 2. Valence bond theory 3. Molecular orbital theory. S. Ensign, Chem. 1210
Lecture outline: Section 9 Molecular l geometry and bonding theories 1. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory 2. Valence bond theory 3. Molecular orbital theory 1 Ionic bonding Covalent bonding
More informationLESSON 10. Glossary: Molecular Geometry. a quantitative measure of the degree of charge separation in a molecule. Dipole moment
LESSON 10 Glossary: Molecular Geometry Dipole moment Electronegativity Molecular geometry Pi bond Polar covalent bond Sigma bond Valence-shell electronpair repulsion (VSEPR) model a quantitative measure
More informationChapter 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory
10.1 Artificial Sweeteners: Fooled by Molecular Shape 425 10.2 VSEPR Theory: The Five Basic Shapes 426 10.3 VSEPR Theory: The Effect of Lone Pairs 430 10.4 VSEPR Theory: Predicting Molecular Geometries
More informationHonors Chemistry Unit 6 ( )
Honors Chemistry Unit 6 (2017-2018) Lewis Dot Structures VSEPR Structures 1 We are learning to: 1. Represent compounds with Lewis structures. 2. Apply the VSEPR theory to determine the molecular geometry
More informationChapter 10. Geometry
Chapter 10 Molec cular Geometry 1 CHAPTER OUTLINE Molecular Geometry Molecular Polarity VSEPR Model Summary of Molecular Shapes Hybridization Molecular Orbital Theory Bond Angles 2 MOLECULAR GEOMETRY Molecular
More information2011, Robert Ayton. All rights reserved.
Chemical Bonding Outline 1. Lewis Dot Structures 2. Bonds 3. Formal Charges 4. VSEPR (Molecular Geometry and Hybridzation) 5. Common Resonance Structures and Dimerization Review 1. Lewis Dot Structures
More informationPractice Worksheet for Lewis Structures (Mahaffy Ch )
Practice Worksheet for Lewis Structures (Mahaffy Ch. 10.1 10.5 ) 1. Main concepts Lewis Structures a. Connectivity b. Bonds & Lone pairs c. Electron Geometry & Molecular Shape d. Resonance Structures Formal
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical Bonds. Ionic Bonding. Lewis Symbols
CHEMICAL BONDING Chemical Bonds Lewis Symbols Octet Rule whenever possible, valence electrons in covalent compounds distribute so that each main-group element is surrounded by 8 electrons (except hydrogen
More information8.3 Bonding Theories > Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding. 8.3 Bonding Theories. 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding
Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules 1 Molecular Shape What information does a structural formula give
More informationIllinois Central College CHEMISTRY 130 Laboratory Section: To predict the shapes of molecules based on their Lewis Structures.
Exercise 12 Page 1 Illinois Central College CEMISTRY 130 Laboratory Section: Molecular Structure Name: Objectives To predict the shapes of molecules based on their Lewis Structures. Background The Valence
More informationMOLECULAR MODELS OBJECTIVES
MOLECULAR MODELS OBJECTIVES 1. To learn to draw Lewis structures for common compounds 2. To identify electron pairs as bonding pairs or lone pairs 3. To use electron pair repulsion theory to predict electronic
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Review Information for Unit 1. VSEPR Hybrid Orbitals Polar Molecules
rganic hemistry Review Information for Unit 1 VSEPR ybrid rbitals Polar Molecules VSEPR The valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR) can be used to predict the geometry around a particular atom
More informationMolecular Geometry. Dr. Williamson s Molecular Geometry Notes. VSEPR: Definition of Terms. Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version
Molecular Geometry Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion- VSEPR 1. Valence e- to some extent 2. Electron pairs move as far away as possible to
More informationMolecular Geometry. Dr. Williamson s Molecular Geometry Notes. VSEPR: Definition of Terms. VSEPR: Electronic Geometries VSEPR
Molecular Geometry Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion- VSEPR 1. Valence e- to some extent 2. Electron pairs move as far away as possible to
More informationActivity Formal Charge and VSEPR Theory for Expanded Octets
Activity 201 7 Formal Charge and VSEPR Theory for Expanded Octets Directions: This Guided Learning Activity (GLA) goes over formal charge and the structures of molecules with expanded octets. Part A introduces
More information4/25/2017. VSEPR Theory. Two Electron Groups. Shapes of Molecules. Two Electron Groups with Double Bonds. Three Electron Groups.
Chapter 10 Lecture Chapter 10 Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids 10.3 Shapes of Molecules and Ions (VSEPR Theory) Learning Goal Predict the three-dimensional structure of a molecule or a polyatomic
More informationCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 10. The Shapes of Molecules 10-1
Chapter 10 The Shapes of Molecules 10-1 The Shapes of Molecules 10.1 Depicting Molecules and Ions with Lewis Structures 10.2 Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory and Molecular Shape 10.3
More informationCOVALENT BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING I: LEWIS MODEL. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 P a g e 1 COVALENT BONDING Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds occur between two or more nonmetals. The two atoms share electrons between them, composing a molecule. Covalently bonded compounds are
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories molecular shapes the VSEPR model molecular shape and molecular polarity covalent bonding and orbital overlap hybrid orbitals multiple bonds 9.1 Molecular
More informationCHEMISTRY. Chapter 10 Theories of Bonding and Structure. The Molecular Nature of Matter. Jespersen Brady Hyslop SIXTH EDITION
CHEMISTRY The Molecular Nature of Matter SIXTH EDITION Jespersen Brady Hyslop Chapter 10 Theories of Bonding and Structure Copyright 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Molecular Structures Molecules containing
More informationChapter 9. Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Topics Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry and Polarity Valence Bond Theory Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Hybridization in Molecules
More informationCHM151LL: VSEPR and Molecular Geometry Tables
CHM151LL: VSEPR and Molecular Geometry Tables VSEPR Model VALENCE-SHELL ELECTRON-PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR) MODEL Lewis structures show the two-dimensional distribution of atoms and electrons. The molecular
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Linear Trigonal 180 o planar 120 o Tetrahedral 109.5 o Trigonal Bipyramidal 120 and 90 o Octahedral 90 o linear Linear
More informationVSEPR. Ch10. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory allows you to predict molecular shape. Lewis Dot theory extended to 3 dimensions.
Ch10 VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory allows you to predict molecular shape. Lewis Dot theory extended to 3 dimensions. version 1.5 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2016 Valence Shell Electron
More informationChemical Bonding. Types of Bonds. Ionic Bonding. Resonance Structures. Molecular Geometries. VSEPR Basic Shapes 3-D Notation Hybridization (Lab)
Chemical Bonding Types of Bonds Ionic Bonding Lewis Structures Covalent Bonding Resonance Structures Octet Rule Polar Molecules Molecular Geometries VSEPR Basic Shapes 3-D Notation Hybridization (Lab)
More informationWhat Do Molecules Look Like?
What Do Molecules Look Like? The Lewis Dot Structure approach provides some insight into molecular structure in terms of bonding, but what about 3D geometry? Recall that we have two types of electron pairs:
More informationChapter 6. The Chemical Bond
Chapter 6 The Chemical Bond Some questions Why do noble gases rarely bond to other elements? How does this relate to why the atoms of other elements do form bonds? Why do certain elements combine to form
More informationWould you expect SeF6 to be soluble in water? Yes No Explain your answer in terms of the shape and polarity of SeF6.
COLLATED QUESTIONS Lewis structures and shapes (up to six electron pairs about the central atom for molecules and polyatomic ions, including those with multiple bonds), polarity of molecules. 2017:3 (c)
More informationAP Chemistry - Problem Drill 15: Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 15: Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory No. 1 of 10 1. Which shape would have sp 3 hybridization? (A) Linear (B) Bent (C) Tetrahedron (D) Trigonal planar (E) Octahedron C. Correct.
More informationName Unit Three MC Practice March 15, 2017
Unit Three: Bonding & Molecular Geometry Name Unit Three MC Practice March 15, 2017 1. What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water? a) sp b) sp 2 c) sp 3 d) It is not hybridized 2. When a double
More informationLET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING
COVALENT BONDING LET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. K F K F K F K F K F K F K + F _ The compound potassium
More informationChapter 9. Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 9 Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Problems with Lewis Theory Lewis theory generally predicts trends in properties, but does not give good numerical predictions.
More information(A) 1 bonding pair (B) 1 bonding pair and 1 lone pair (C) 2 bonding pairs (D) 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 13: Lewis Structures and VSPER No. 1 of 10 1. Lewis structure is used to model covalent bonds of a molecule or ion. Covalent bonds are a type of chemical bonding formed by
More informationChapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
9.1 Molecular Shapes Read Sec. 9.1 and 9.2, then complete the Sample and Practice Exercises in these sections. Sample Exercise 9.1 (p. 347) Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular geometries of a)
More informationChemistry 212 MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND GEOMETRIES
Chemistry 212 MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND GEOMETRIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES To build models of selected molecules using VSEPR theory. To illustrate patterns of molecular shapes. BACKGROUND The shapes exhibited
More informationAP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam
AP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is a correct Lewis structure for
More informationVSEPR Theory. Shapes of Molecules. Molecular Structure or Molecular Geometry
VSEPR Theory VSEPR Theory Shapes of Molecules Molecular Structure or Molecular Geometry The 3-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that make-up a molecule. Determines several properties of a substance,
More informationLecture B2 VSEPR Theory
Lecture B2 VSEPR Theory Covalent Bond Theories 1. VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion model). A set of empirical rules for predicting a molecular geometry using, as input, a correct Lewis Dot
More informationChapter 9 The Shapes of Molecules Cocaine
Chapter 9 The Shapes of Molecules 1 Cocaine 10.1 Depicting Molecules & Ions with Lewis Structures 2 Number of Covalent Bonds 3 The number of covalent bonds can be determined from the number of electrons
More informationN = 727 Mean = 68% Diff T-Test P-Value SI 223 (31%) 71% No SI 504 (69%) 66% Test 2 - Letter Grade Distribution by SI Attendance
CHEM 200/202 Exam 2 N = 727 Mean = 68% Diff T-Test P-Value SI 223 (31%) 71% No SI 504 (69%) 66% 5%
More informationChemical Bonding Chapter 8
Chemical Bonding Chapter 8 Get your Clicker, 2 magnets, goggles and your handouts Nov 15 6:15 PM Recall that: Ionic-Involves the transfer of electrons - forms between a metal and a nonmetal Covalent-Involves
More informationMolecular shapes. Balls and sticks
Molecular shapes Balls and sticks Learning objectives Apply VSEPR to predict electronic geometry and shapes of simple molecules Determine molecule shape from electronic geometry Distinguish between polar
More informationChemistry and the material world Lecture 3
Chemistry and the material world 123.102 Lecture 3 Electronic bookkeeping we need a way of finding out in which proportions two or more atoms make up a molecule is it CH 3 or CH 4 or CH 5? counting valence
More informationSECTION II: BUILDING MODELS
SECTION II: BUILDING MODELS Lesson 9 New Smells, New Ideas Lesson 10 Two s Company Lesson 11 Let s Build It Lesson 12 What Shape Is That Smell? Lesson 13 Sorting It Out Lesson 14 How Does the Nose Know?
More informationC PM RESURRECTION
Announcements Final Exam TIME: October 8, 7:30-9:30AM VENUE: CTC 105 65-Multiple Choice Questions 3 Questions Each Chapter 2-5 7 Questions Each Chapter 6-8 30 Questions From Chapter 9-11 Saturday Review
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE The Ionic Bond Formation of Ions The
More informationChapter 10 Shapes of Molecules. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 10 Shapes of Molecules Dr. Sapna Gupta Shapes of Molecules - Importance All molecules have a 3D orientations; even the diatomic ones because atoms have a volume. In case of tri atomic or polyatomic
More informationMolecular Geometry and Bonding Theories. Chapter 9
Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Chapter 9 Molecular Shapes CCl 4 Lewis structures give atomic connectivity; The shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles VSEPR Model Valence Shell Electron
More informationCHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions
CHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions 1D 1 has a triple bond. 2 has a double bond. 3 and 4 have single bonds. The stronger the bond, the shorter the length. 2A A 1:1 ratio means there must be the
More informationChemical Bonds. Chapter 6
Chemical Bonds Chapter 6 1 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding I. How and Why Atoms Bond A. Vocabulary B. Chemical Bonds - Basics C. Chemical Bonds Types D. Chemical Bonds Covalent E. Drawing Lewis Diagrams F. Bond
More informationChapter 10. VSEPR Model: Geometries
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry VSEPR Model: Geometries Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs repel and get as far apart as possible Example: Water Four electron pairs Farthest apart
More informationDo now: Brainstorm how you would draw the Lewis diagram for: H 2 O CO 2
Do now: Brainstorm how you would draw the Lewis diagram for: 2 O CO 2 Shapes of molecules C 4 N 3 2 O C 2 O CO 2 Shapes of molecules Shapes of molecules are determined by the number of bonding and non-bonding
More informationChapter 13: Phenomena
Chapter 13: Phenomena Phenomena: Scientists measured the bond angles of some common molecules. In the pictures below each line represents a bond that contains 2 electrons. If multiple lines are drawn together
More informationMolecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions
Molecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions Background The shape of a molecule is very important when investigating its properties and reactivity. For example, compare CO 2 and SO 2. Carbon
More informationChapter 10 Theories of Covalent Bonding
Chapter 10 Theories of Covalent Bonding 1 Atomic Orbitals Molecules Bonding and 2 Molecular Structure Questions How are molecules held together? Why is O 2 paramagnetic? And how is this property connected
More informationChapter 10. VSEPR Model: Geometries
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry VSEPR Model: Geometries Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs repel and get as far apart as possible Example: Water Four electron pairs Two bonds Two
More informationCHM2045 F13--Exam # MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHM2045 F13--Exam #2 2013.10.18 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A valid Lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the
More informationThe Shapes of Molecules. Chemistry II
The Shapes of Molecules Chemistry II Lewis Structures DEFINITIN: A structure of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged. 1) nly the valence electrons appear in a Lewis structure. 2) The
More informationChapters 8 and 9. Octet Rule Breakers Shapes
Chapters 8 and 9 Octet Rule Breakers Shapes Bond Energies Bond Energy (review): The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds in the gas phase Breaking bonds consumes energy; forming bonds releases
More informationValence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model Why? Molecules adopt a shape that minimizes their energy. In most cases simply considering the repulsive energy of electron pairs is sufficient to predict molecular
More informationChapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More information4.2.7 & Shapes, and bond angles for molecules with two, three and four negative charge centers
4.2.7 & 4.2.8 Shapes, and bond angles for molecules with two, three and four negative charge centers The shape of a molecule has an important part to play in determining its chemical (e.g. reactivity and
More information