ATOMSKA APSORP SORPCIJSKA TROSKOP
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1 ATOMSKA APSORP SORPCIJSKA SPEKTROS TROSKOP OPIJA Written by Bette Kreuz Produced by Ruth Dusenbery University of Michigan-Dearborn 2000
2 Apsorpcija i emisija svjetlosti
3 Fizika svjetlosti Spectroskopija i atomska fizika Tipovi spektara Kontinuirani bez linija Apsorpcijski Tamne linije na kontinuirano spektru Emisija Izolirane svjetle linije
4 Apsorpcijski i emisijski spektri Kontinuirani spektar results when the gas pressures are higher, so that lines are broadened by collisions between the atoms until they are smeared into a continuum. We may view a continuum spectrum as an emission spectrum in which so many transitions occur that no one transition (photon) is preferentially emitted Thus, emission spectra are produced by thin gases in which the atoms do not experience many collisions (because of the low density). The emission lines correspond to photons of discrete energies that are emitted when excited atomic states in the gas make transitions back to lower-lying levels. APSORPCIJSKI spektar nastaje kada fotoni razlicitih frekvencija prolaze kroz relativno hladni plin, razredeni plin i atomi plina apsorbiraju karakteristicne frekvencije. Buduci da se reemitirani foton zraci u sve smjerove nije vjerojatno da ce se emitirati u istom smeru iz kojeg je dosao ulazni foton.
5 The classic spectral sequence is illustrated by the spectra of real stars in a historic image published in The strong lines in class A (here, the star Sirius) are hydrogen. Neutral helium appears along with hydrogen in class B (Alnilam, Epsilon Orionis), while ionized helium is strong in class O (Naos, Zeta Puppis), the hydrogen lines nearly gone. Hydrogen weakens downward too, toward lower temperature, nearly disappearing by class M2 (Betelgeuse). The strong lines to the left in classes F (Canopus), G (Capella), and K (Arcturus) are those of ionized calcium. The other lines in these cooler classes are those of other metals. At the bottom, in class M7 (the long-period variable star Mira), we see bands of absorption produced by the titanium oxide molecule. Annals of the Harvard College Observatory, vol. 23, 1901.
6 NH 3 apsorpcija Radio nebula G
7 CO emisija Radio nebula G
8 Atomska emisijska spektroskopija AE Source P Wavelength Selector Detector Signal Processor Readout Sample
9 Osobine plamena Fig. 9-2, pg. 208 Regions in a flame
10 Atomizacija u plamenu
11 Tipični gorionik za AA spektroskopiju Typical path length = 5-10 cm In fully premixed flames, the fuel and the oxidizer are thoroughly mixed prior to reaching the reaction zone, also known as the flame front. Aerosol reaching flame contains only 5% of original sample.
12 Atomska apsorpcijska spektroskopija je kvantitativna analitička metoda primijenjiva za analizu metala i nekih nemetala.
13 Atomsko apsorpcijski fotometar
14 AA spektrofotometar Atomski apsorpcijski spektrofotometar se sastoji od izvora svjetla, komore za uzorak i detekcijskog sustava.
15 Komora za uzorak Izvor svjetla Detekcijski sustav
16 Atomska apsorpcijska spektroskopija AA spektroskopija je metoda kod koje se dio upadne svjetlosti koja prolazi kroz uzorak APSORBIRA na odreñenoj vrsti atoma. Što ima više uzorka više svjetla se apsorbira. AA spektroskopija je kvantitativna analitička metoda primijenjiva za analizu metala i nekih nemetala.
17 Put svjetlosti
18 Izvor svjetlosti za AA spektroskopiju Izvor svjetlosti je lampa čija katoda je načinjena od elementa kojeg mjerimo (tražimo, sumnjamo da je u uzorku...) Zasto? SVAKI element zahtijeva drugi izvor svjetlosti (drugu lampu sa šupljom katodom)!
19 Izvor u AA spektroskopiji Izvor sa šupljom katodom za odredivanje Prisutnosti aluminija (Al) Zraci karakteristicne linije ALUMINIJA
20 Razni izvori za AA spektroskopiju
21 Komora za uzorak je PLAMEN iz gorionika Atomi u plamenu apsorbiraju zračenje iz izvora
22
23 Priprema uzorka Najuobičajeniji način uvoñenja uzorka u plamen je da se priredi otopina u pogodnom otapalu, što je često voda.
24 Signal iz detektora prenosi se u računalo tako da spektar vidimo na monitoru.
25 Hardcopy of the data is usually then sent to the printer.
26 Podaci se obicno salju na printer.
27 The flame gases flowing into the burner create a suction that pulls the liquid into the small tube from the sample container. This liquid is transferred to the flame where the ions are atomized. These atoms absorb light from the source. Plinovi u gorioniku stvaraju podtlak koji uvlači uzorak iz posude. Tekućina se prenosi u plamen gdje se atomizira. Tako nastali atomi apsorbiraju svjetlost iz izvora.
28 Slide 10 Uzorak je evaporiran u plamenu. Cjevčica aspiratora uvlači i uzorak u plamen.
29 Računalo nam pomaže u snimanju, pohrani i procesiranj u AA spektara.
30 Quantitative analysis can be achieved by measuring the absorbance of a series of solutions of known concentration. A calibration curve and the equation for the line can be used to determine an unknown concentration based on its absorbance. Kvantitativna analiza se izvodi upotrebom krivulje dobivene mjerenjem niza uzoraka poznate koncentracije Kalibracijska krivulja i jednadžba pravca omogućuju nam nalaženje nepoznate koncentracije
31 Priredivanje uzoraka poznate koncentracije Slide 9
32 Kalibracijska krivulja za odreñivanje koncentracije aluminija pomoću AA spektroskopije
33
34
35
36 Literatura Bette Kreuz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy S. Corbel, S. S. Eikenberry, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 419, (2004)
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