Lesson Plan Chapter 22 Subatomic

Transcription

1 Subatomic Physics Chapter Opener Tapping Prior Knowledge, TE Review previously learned concepts and check for preconceptions about the chapter content. Visual Concepts CD-ROM This CD-ROM consists of multimedia presentations of core physics concepts. (BASIC) SECTION 1 The Nucleus PACING Regular Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 1 days Block Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 0.5 days STATE OBJECTIVES III. ENERGY C. NUCLEAR OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the properties of the nucleus of an atom. 2. Explain why some nuclei are unstable. 3. Calculate the binding energy of various nuclei. NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 3: Change, consistency, and measurements UCP 4: Evolution and equilibrium HNS 1: Science as a human endeavor HNS 3: History of science PS1a: Matter is made of minute particles called atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller components. These components have measurable properties, such as mass and electrical charge. Each atom has a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The electric force between the nucleus and electrons holds the atoms together. PS1b: The atom's nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, which are much more

2 massive than electrons. When an element has atoms that differ in the number of neutrons, these atoms are called different isotopes of the element. PS1c The nuclear forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together, at nuclear distances, are usually stronger than the electric forces that would make it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy, and they can release much greater amounts of energy than atomic interactions. Fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. Fusion is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high temperature and pressure, and is the process responsible for the energy of the sun and other stars. FOCUS (5 MINUTES) Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition. MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES) Misconception Alert, p. 790, TE Emphasize the difference in orders of magnitude at the atomic and nuclear levels. Teaching Tip, p. 791, TE Have students draw schematic diagrams for the four isotopes of carbon discussed in the text. (BASIC) TEACH (25 MINUTES) PowerNotes Resources Use the customizable presentation to help students master the concepts in this section. Appendix J: Advanced Topics, The Equivalence of Mass and Energy, SE This feature allows students to explore higher-level concepts related to the chapter. (ADVANCED) Visual Strategy, Figure 3, TE Students explain why some dots on the empirical graph form vertical lines. Demonstration, Nuclear Stability, TE Students use steel marbles and magnetic marbles to try to build the largest and most stable nucleus. Teaching Tip, p. 795, TE Students discuss and answer questions about the idea of binding energy per nucleon. Sample Set A, Binding Energy, SE This sample and practice problem set covers binding energy. Classroom Practice, Binding Energy, TE Use this problem as a teamwork exercise or for demonstration at the board or on an overhead projector. CLOSE (10 MINUTES) Section Review, SE Students answer review questions, critical-thinking questions, and interpreting-graphics questions that assess their understanding of the section objectives. Study Guide, The Nucleus, ANC Use this worksheet to review the main concepts presented in the section.

3 Section Quiz, ANC Use this quiz to assess students' understanding of the section. (BASIC) OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS Holt Online Learning Students can access interactive problem-solving help and active visual concept development with the Holt Physics Online Edition available at my.hrw.com. Problem Workbook, Sample Set A: Binding Energy, ANC This worksheet provides an additional example problem and several practice problems that cover binding energy. Problem Bank, Sample Set A: Binding Energy, OSP This worksheet provides a third example problem and several practice problems that cover binding energy. SciLinks, Online Students can visit to find internet resources related to the chapter content. Topic: Atomic Nucleus SciLinks Code: HF60117

4 SECTION 2 Nuclear Decay PACING Regular Schedule: with lab(s): 2 days without lab(s): 1 days Block Schedule: with lab(s): 1 days without lab(s): 0.5 days OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the three modes of nuclear decay. 2. Predict the products of nuclear decay. 3. Calculate the decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance. NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 3: Change, consistency, and measurements UCP 4: Evolution and equilibrium SAI 1: Abilities to do scientific inquiry SAI 2: Understanding about scientific inquiry ST 1: Abilities of technological design ST 2: Understanding about science and technology HNS 1: Science as a human endeavor HNS 2: Nature of science HNS 3: History of science SPSP 1: Personal health SPSP 2: Populations, resources, and environments SPSP 3: Natural hazards SPSP 4: Risks and benefits SPSP 5: Science and technology in society PS1c The nuclear forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together, at nuclear distances, are usually stronger than the electric forces that would make it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy, and they can release much greater amounts of energy than atomic interactions. Fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. Fusion is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high temperature and pressure, and is the process responsible for the energy of the sun and other stars.

5 PS1d: Radioactive isotopes are unstable and undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions, emitting particles and/or wavelike radiation. The decay of any one nucleus cannot be predicted, but a large group of identical nuclei decay at a predictable rate. This predictability can be used to estimate the age of materials that contain radioactive isotopes. FOCUS (5 MINUTES) Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition. MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES) Key Models and Analogies, p. 798, TE Relate balancing nuclear reactions to students knowledge of chemical equations. TEACH (70 MINUTES) PowerNotes Resources Use the customizable presentation to help students master the concepts in this section. Appendix J: Advanced Topics, Antimatter, SE This feature allows students to explore higher-level concepts related to the chapter. (ADVANCED) Demonstration, Electron Beam Deflection, TE This demonstration uses a CRT, high voltage source, and a horseshoe magnet to explain the curved tracks observed in a bubble chamber. (ADVANCED) Visual Strategy, Figure 6, TE Students discuss the relationship between the two parts of the figure and answer questions about the figure. Sample Set B, Nuclear Decay, SE This sample and practice problem set covers nuclear decay. Classroom Practice, Nuclear Decay, SE Use this problem as a teamwork exercise or for demonstration at the board or on an overhead projector. Conceptual Challenge, p. 803, SE These conceptual questions challenge students to apply the section content to real-world applications. (ADVANCED) Sample Set C, Measuring Nuclear Decay, SE This sample and practice problem set covers nuclear decay. Classroom Practice, Measuring Nuclear Decay, TE Use this problem as a teamwork exercise or for demonstration at the board or on an overhead projector. Visual Strategy, Figure 7, TE Students determine what years are shown on the graph points given that C-14 has a particular half-life. Skills Practice Lab, Half-Life, SE Students determine the half-life of a radioisotope. Datasheet, Half-Life, ANC Students use the datasheet to complete the in-text lab. CLOSE (10 MINUTES)

6 Section Review, SE Students answer review questions, critical-thinking questions, and interpreting-graphics questions that assess their understanding of the section objectives. (ADVANCED) Study Guide, Nuclear Decay, ANC Use this worksheet to review the main concepts presented in the section. Section Quiz, ANC Use this quiz to assess students' understanding of the section. OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS Holt Online Learning Students can access interactive problem-solving help and active visual concept development with the Holt Physics Online Edition available at my.hrw.com. Integrating Earth Science, Radioactivity Within the Earth, Online Students can visit my.hrw.com and enter the keyword HF6SUBX to find this activity. Teacher resources can be found by entering the keyword HF6SUBXT. Integrating Environmental Science, Environmental Radiation, Online Students can visit my.hrw.com and enter the keyword HF6SUBX to find this activity. Teacher resources can be found by entering the keyword HF6SUBXT. Problem Workbook, Sample Set B: Nuclear Decay, ANC This worksheet provides an additional example problem and several practice problems that cover nuclear decay. Problem Bank, Sample Set B: Nuclear Decay, OSP This worksheet provides a third example problem and several practice problems that cover nuclear decay. Problem Workbook, Sample Set C: Measuring Nuclear Decay, ANC This worksheet provides an additional example problem and several practice problems that cover measuring nuclear decay. Problem Bank, Sample Set C: Measuring Nuclear Decay, OSP This worksheet provides a third example problem and several practice problems that cover measuring nuclear decay. SciLinks, Online Students can visit to find internet resources related to the chapter content. Topic: Radioactive Decay SciLinks Code: HF61254

7 SECTION 3 Nuclear Reactions PACING Regular Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 1 days Block Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 0.5 days OBJECTIVES 1. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. 2. Explain how a chain reaction is utilized by nuclear reactors. 3. Compare fission and fusion reactors. NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 3: Change, consistency, and measurements UCP 4: Evolution and equilibrium ST 1: Abilities of technological design ST 2: Understanding about science and technology HNS 1: Science as a human endeavor HNS 3: History of science SPSP 2: Populations, resources, and environments SPSP 4: Risks and benefits SPSP 5: Science and technology in society PS1c The nuclear forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together, at nuclear distances, are usually stronger than the electric forces that would make it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy, and they can release much greater amounts of energy than atomic interactions. Fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. Fusion is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high temperature and pressure, and is the process responsible for the energy of the sun and other stars. FOCUS (5 MINUTES) Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition. MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES) Visual Strategy, Figure 8, TE Students identify the average binding energy per nucleon of the most stable nucleus.

8 TEACH (25 MINUTES) PowerNotes Resources Use the customizable presentation to help students master the concepts in this section. Teaching Tip, p. 809, TE Students use the figure to answer questions about what would happen if two nuclei fused. (BASIC) CLOSE (10 MINUTES) Section Review, SE Students answer review questions, critical-thinking questions, and interpreting-graphics questions that assess their understanding of the section objectives. (ADVANCED) Study Guide, Nuclear Reactions, ANC Use this worksheet to review the main concepts presented in the section. Section Quiz, ANC Use this quiz to assess students' understanding of the section. (BASIC) OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS Holt Online Learning Students can access interactive problem-solving help and active visual concept development with the Holt Physics Online Edition available at my.hrw.com. Integrating Astronomy, The Life Cycle of a Star, Online Students can visit my.hrw.com and enter the keyword HF6SUBX to find this activity. Teacher resources can be found by entering the keyword HF6SUBXT. (BASIC) SciLinks, Online Students can visit to find internet resources related to the chapter content. Topic: Fission/Fusion SciLinks Code: HF60581

9 SECTION 4 Particle Physics PACING Regular Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 1 days Block Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 0.5 days OBJECTIVES 1. Define the four fundamental interactions of nature. 2. Identify the elementary particles that make up matter. 3. Describe the standard model of the universe. NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 3: Change, consistency, and measurements UCP 4: Evolution and equilibrium HNS 1: Science as a human endeavor HNS 2: Nature of science HNS 3: History of science SPSP 5: Science and technology in society FOCUS (5 MINUTES) Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition. MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES) Misconception Alert, p. 811, TE Emphasize that electrical and gravitational forces differ in order of magnitude. (BASIC) TEACH (25 MINUTES) PowerNotes Resources Use the customizable presentation to help students master the concepts in this section. Teaching Tip, p. 813, TE Use the section summary to present students with an overview of the material in this section and to help them identify which details are most important to remember. (BASIC) Misconception Alert, p. 813, TE Students classify the particles they have learned about into either building blocks/particles of matter or mediating field particles. Conceptual Challenge, p. 814, SE These conceptual questions challenge students to

10 apply the section content to real-world applications. (ADVANCED) Teaching Tip, p. 814, TE Students revise the classifications systems they made earlier to include more details.. Visual Strategy, Figure 14, TE Students look at the figure and find the charge of a particle. Visual Strategy, Figure 15, TE Students explain which forces hold quarks together, which field particles mediate the interaction between neutrinos, and which particles are held together by gluons. Integrating Astronomy, Our Changing Universe, Online Students can visit my.hrw.com and enter the keyword HF6SUBX to find this activity. Teacher resources can be found by entering the keyword HF6SUBXT. Visual Strategy, Figure 16, TE Students answer questions about the information presented in the figure. CLOSE (10 MINUTES) Section Review, SE Students answer review questions, critical-thinking questions, and interpreting-graphics questions that assess their understanding of the section objectives. (ADVANCED) Study Guide, Particle Physics, ANC Use this worksheet to review the main concepts presented in the section. Section Quiz, ANC Use this quiz to assess students' understanding of the section. OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS Holt Online Learning Students can access interactive problem-solving help and active visual concept development with the Holt Physics Online Edition available at my.hrw.com.

11 END OF CHAPTER REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT PACING Regular Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 2 days Block Schedule: with lab(s): N/A days without lab(s): 1 days Chapter Highlights, p. 819, SE This page summarizes the vocabulary terms and key concepts of the chapter. Chapter Review, pp , SE Students review the chapter material with review questions, conceptual questions, practice problems, and a mixed review section. Alternative Assessment, p. 823, SE These projects challenge students to apply and extend concepts that they have learned in the chapter. (ADVANCED) Graphing Calculator Practice, p. 822, SE Students program their graphing calculators to solve problems involving half-life. Standardized Test Prep, pp , SE This feature helps students sharpen their testtaking abilities while reviewing the chapter content. Appendix D: Equations, p. 864, SE This appendix summarizes the equations introduced in the chapter. Appendix I: Additional Problems, pp. 896, SE This appendix provides additional mixed practice problems that cover the equations introduced in the chapter. Study Guide, Mixed Review, ANC Students can use this worksheet to review the main concepts of the chapter in preparation for the chapter test. Holt PuzzlePro Use this software to create crossword puzzles and word searches that make learning vocabulary fun. Chapter Test A, ANC Assign this test for general-level chapter assessment. Chapter Test B, ANC Assign this test for advanced-level chapter assessment. (ADVANCED) Test Generator Create a customized homework assignment, quiz, or test using the