AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

Transcription

1 AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Welcome to AP Chemistry! You will quickly notice that things will be different than they were in Honors Chemistry. For one, you must memorize a lot of information that was given to you on the Chemistry Reference Tables. This assignment will help us with some of the memorization, math skills and basic topics that you will need so that we can hit the ground running in August. As you progress through this assignment use the following sources for help: I have linked very helpful videos on my website that correspond to each unit. They go over the problems from the chapter packets step by step. If it asks for a password it is linuspauling. In addition, Tyler Dewitt on YouTube has very helpful links to review topics. Read the AP Chemistry Textbook (Chapters 13) Outline each chapter using Cornell Note Format see link for help For the chapter questions I will post the answer key; however, just copying the answers will not help you prepare!! You need to understand how to solve the problems! me for help (jshearin@oldsaybrookschools.org) I will check it periodically but not necessarily daily! Important Dates: I recognize that you need a break from school, you should take one! I only caution you that you may have difficulty preparing yourself adequately if you wait until the last minute to begin working on problems and reviewing material. Listed below is a proposed schedule for you, so you can review what you must know when you walk into class in August. I highly recommend that you have a study buddy as this will help you stick to a regiment this summer that will result in your SUCCESS!! Remember everything is due August 25, 2017 by 3:00 pm handed into the main office Week of June 19 Rest!! Ok, so its only one week! Week of June 26 Read and take Cornell Notes for Chapter 1 and complete accompanying handout with problems show work. Week of July 3 Complete and Correct Ch 1 Problems # 18, 20, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 72, 79, 81, 83, 87, 88, 111 Week of July 10 Read and take Cornell Notes for Chapter 2 and complete accompanying handout with problems show work Week of July 17 Complete and Correct Ch 2 Problems #1723, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 42, 56, 58, 62, 68, 72, Week of July 24 78, 80, 84, 86, 94 Read and take Cornell Notes for Chapter 3 and complete accompanying handout with problems show work. Week of July 31 Complete and Correct Ch 3 Problems # 37, 43, 66, 70, 76, 86, 92, 106, 114, 117 Week of Aug 7 Complete the Chapter 3 Practice Problems (AP Problems) Show work! Week of Aug 14 Complete Worksheets 1 & 2 (attached) and begin to memorize Polyatomic Ions, Transition Elements and oxidation numbers/charges (see attached) Week of Aug 21 Week of Aug 28 Continue Memorizing Polyatomic Ions, Transition Elements and oxidation numbers/ charges. Remember your assignments you need to hand in are due Friday Aug 25, 2017 Rest!!! Decide how you will keep track of notes and assignments. You will need good organization skills to be successful. Also you should be reviewing your polyatomic ions, Transition elements and oxidation numbers. 1

2 What will you hand in on Aug 25, 2017? Worksheets 1&2 if you need additional space for worksheet 1, you can turn in your own paper, but it must be neat and labeled correctly Chapter 13 Cornell Notes must be handwritten and neat. Typed notes will not be accepted and will receive a ZERO. Chapter 13 Practice problems completed & CORRECTED in a different color so you can see your areas of weakness See answer sheet online Chapter 3 Practice AP Chemistry Worksheet Completed Attach any extra papers you needed for work. REMEMBER IF YOU DO NOT HAND IN YOUR ASSIGNMENT ON TIME YOU WILL BE DROPPED FROM THE CLASS! What you may keep to review Chapter 13 handouts with work will be checked the first day of class This outline with attached supplemental materials to study your polyatomic ions, elements, and oxidation numbers Additional Important Dates: You will have a quiz within the first week of school on Polyatomic Ions, Transition Ions and Naming/ Writing formulas and compounds. You will need to know their ions, charges and names to succeed on this quiz. You will also be taking a practice AP Chemistry Exam the second week of school. While this will not count towards your grade take it serious as it will help both me and you see our areas of weakness. You will have a Unit test towards the end of the second week/ beginning of the 3 rd week on Units 13 While writing formulas, concentrate on remembering the charges on the ions and the polyatomic ions NONE of these will be given on the AP exam. Your periodic table will only have symbols and atomic masses. As you review, make a note of any ideas that you do not understand. I will address these questions when you return. Also, you may me with questions at: jshearin@oldsaybrookschools.org Check my webpage: for updates on chapter problem answers. I hope you have a wonderful summer! I look forward to seeing you in the fall in AP Chem. Ms. Jaclyn Shearin 2

3 POLYATOMIC IONS OR RADICALS SOME COVALENTLY BONDED GROUPS OF ATOMS ACT LIKE SINGLE ATOMS IN FORMING IONS. THESE CHARGED GROUPS OF COVALENTLY BONDED ATOMS ARE CALLED RADICALS OR POLYATOMIC IONS. COMMON RADICALS C 2 H 3 O 2 Acetate 2 CO 3 Carbonate + NH 4 Ammonium HCO 3 Hydrogen carbonate (Bicarbonate) ClO Hypochlorite C 2 O 2 4 Oxalate ClO 2 Chlorite 2 SO 3 Sulfite ClO 3 Chlorate 2 SO 4 Sulfate ClO 4 Perchlorate HSO 3 Hydrogen sulfite CN Cyanide HSO 4 Hydrogen sulfate (Bisulfate) OH Hydroxide 2 S 2 O 3 Thiosulfate MnO 4 Permanganate 3 PO 3 Phosphite NO 2 Nitrite 3 PO 4 Phosphate NO 3 Nitrate 2 HPO 4 Hydrogen phosphate SCN Thiocyanate H 2 PO 4 Dihydrogen phosphate 2+ Hg 2 Mercury(I) 2 O 2 Peroxide 2 CrO 4 Chromate 2 Cr 2 O 7 Dichromate Also, the analogs of sulfite, sulfate, etc., such as selenite (SeO 3 2 ), and of chlorite, chlorate, etc., such as bromite (BrO 2 ) TRANSITION METAL IONS Cr 2+ Chromium(II) Mn 2+ Manganese(II) Fe 2+ Iron(II) Cr 3+ Chromium(III) Mn 3+ Manganese(III) Fe 3+ Iron(III) {Cr 6+ Chromium(VI)} Co 2+ Cobalt(II) Ni 2+ Nickel(II) Cu + Copper(I) 2+ Hg 2 Mercury(I) Co +3 Cobalt(III) Ni 3+ Nickel(III) Cu 2+ Copper(II) Hg2 + Mercury(II) Au + Gold(I) Zn 2+ Zinc Au3+ Gold(III) Cd 2+ Cadmium Ag + Silver Also, Sn 2+ Tin(II) Pb 2+ Lead(II) Sn 4+ Tin(IV) Pb 4+ Lead(IV) BASIC IONS: Think about valance electrons! Think about the common elements/ions in that group Group 1 ions = +1 Group 17 (7A)/Halogens = 1 Group 2 ions = +2 Group 15 (5A) ions (N and P) = 3 Group 16 (6A) ions (O and S0 = 2 YOU NEED TO ALSO KNOW THE NAMES OF ELEMENTS 156, Pt, Fr, Ra, U, Pu 3

4 Name: Due Date: August 25, 2017 AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Worksheet #1 Math Skills Significant Figures (Sig Figs) 1. How many sig figs are in the following numbers? a) b) 790 c) Solve the following problems. Round your answer to the correct number of sig figs (and use the correct unit on your answer). a) 825 cm x 32 cm x cm b) g/ ml Density (round your answers to correct number of sig figs and show all work with units) 3. A cube of ruthenium metal 1.5 cm on a side has a mass of 42.0 g. What is the density in g/cm 3? Will ruthenium metal float on water? 4. The density of bismuth metal is 9.8 g/cm 3. What is the mass of a sample of bismuth that displaces 65.8 ml of water? 4

5 Conversions (round answers correctly and show work using dimensional analysis with units) 5. Make the following conversions: a) 16.2 m to km b) 5.44 nl to ml c) 45.7 ml/s to kl/hr Reactions 6. Balance the following and equations and tell what type of reaction it is (synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion) a) KNO 3 à KNO 2 + O 2 Type: b) AgNO 3 + K 2 SO 4 à Ag 2 SO 4 + KNO 3 Type: c) CH 3 NH 2 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2 O+ N 2 Type: d) N 2 O 5 + H 2 O à HNO 3 Type: e) Na + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 à Zn + NaNO 3 Type: 7. What are diatomic molecules? List the 7 using the correct formulas 5

6 Average Atomic Mass 8. Magnesium consists of 3 naturally occurring isotopes with the masses , , and amu. The relative abundances of these three isotopes are 78.70%, %, and 11.17% respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass. Percent Composition 9. Calculate the percent composition of C 12 H 22 O 11 (sugar). (Give Percent of each element.) Show all work. Moles 10. Calculate the number of moles of the following: (SHOW WORK USE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS) a) 42.8 g of KNO 3 b) L of CO 2 at STP c) 9.25 x molecules of CaCl 2 6

7 Stoichiometry 11. Using the following equation: 2 NaOH + H 2 SO 4 à2 H 2 O + Na 2 SO 4 How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200. grams of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulfuric acid? 12. Using the following equation: Pb(SO 4 ) LiNO 3 à Pb(NO 3 ) Li 2 SO 4 How many grams of lithium nitrate will be needed to make 250. grams of lithium sulfate, assuming that you have an adequate amount of lead (IV) sulfate to do the reaction? 13. Using the following equation: Fe 2 O H 2 à 2 Fe + 3 H 2 O Calculate how many grams of iron can be made from 16.5 grams of Fe 2 O 3. 7

8 Limiting Reactant & Percent Yield 1. Determine the grams of sodium chloride produced when 10.0 g of sodium react with 10.0 g of chlorine gas according to the equation: 2 Na + Cl 2 à 2 NaCl 2. Determine the mass of lithium hydroxide produced when 50.0g of lithium are reacted with 45.0g of water according to the equation: 2 Li + 2 H 2 O à 2 LiOH + H 2 3. Determine the percent yield of water produced when 68.3 g of hydrogen reacts with 85.4g of oxygen and 86.4g of water are collected. 2 H 2 + O 2 à 2 H 2 O 8

9 Worksheet #2: Practice Naming Compounds 1. Provide names for the following ionic compounds: a. AlF 3 b. Fe(OH) 2 c. Cu(NO 3 ) 2 d. Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 e. Li 3 PO 4 f. Hg 2 S g. Cr 2 (CO 3 ) 3 h. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 2. Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds: a. Copper(I) oxide b. Potassium peroxide c. Iron(III) carbonate d. Zinc nitrate e. Sodium hypobromite f. Aluminum hydroxide 3. Give the name or chemical formula for each of the following molecular substances: a. SF 6 b. XeO 3 c. Dinitrogen tetroxide d. Hydrogen cyanide 9

10 e. IF 5 f. Dihydrogen monoxide g. Tetraphosphorous hexasulfide 4. Give the name or chemical formula for the following compounds: a. Ammonium oxalate b. Manganese(III) dichromate c. Ti(OH) 4 d. Ni(ClO 2 ) 3 e. Dinitrogen pentoxide f. Aluminum oxide g. Fe 2 S 3 10