1. The elements on the periodic table are arranged by increasing A) atomic weight. B) atomic number. C) valence electrons. D) mass number.

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1 1. The elements on the periodic table are arranged by increasing A) atomic weight. B) atomic number. C) valence electrons. D) mass number. 2. Periodic law states which of the following? A) Physical and chemical properties of elements recur in a repeating pattern as atomic number increases. B) Physical and chemical properties of elements cannot be predicted. C) Elements located in the same period have similar properties. D) Physical and chemical properties vary continuously, without pattern, on the periodic table. 3. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of A) electrons. B) protons. C) valence electrons. D) neutrons. 4. On the periodic table the rows are called and the columns are called. A) groups, periods B) periods, groups C) families, posts D) lines, families 5. Sodium reacts violently with water. Predict which of the following elements would also react violently with water. A) Ca B) Cl C) Nb D) Rb 1

2 6. A flame test was performed on an unknown solution. As the student placed the wire loop into the flame, she observed a green color in the flame. Using the following table of known ions, predict the identity of the metal ion in the unknown solution. A) K B) Ba C) Na D) Ca 7. A student mixes two clear and colorless solutions. The resulting mixture is cloudy. The new mixture is cloudy because was formed. A) an impurity B) an insoluble solid C) a soluble solid D) an aqueous solution 8. An insoluble solid formed in a reaction between two aqueous solutions is called a A) precipitate. B) gel. C) powder. D) solute. 9. Which element is often found as an impurity when performing a flame test? A) Potassium B) Barium C) Calcium D) Sodium 2

3 10. A student observes the formation of a white precipitate when a barium ion solution is mixed with a (NH 4 )CO 3 solution. Which of the following solutions would also be predicted to form a precipitate when mixed with a (NH 4 )CO 3 solution? A) Lithium ion B) Magnesium ion C) Potassium ion D) Chloride ion 11. Group IIA (2) elements are also referred to as A) alkali metals. B) alkaline earth metals. C) halogens. D) noble gases. 12. Identify the halogen in period 4. A) Br B) Ca C) I D) Kr 13. In lab a student was testing for metal ions using a precipitation reaction. The lab manual directs the student to first add the metal ion solution to the test tube followed by the ammonium carbonate solution. The student was not paying attention and reversed the order, adding the (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 to the test tube first. How would this change in procedure affect the results? A) The correct reaction would not occur. B) There would be no change in the results. C) A different reaction would occur. D) The student would not be able to use the results. 3

Use the following to answer questions 14-15: 14. Tests were performed on a mystery solution to identify the components. A flame test resulted in a yellow flame.

4 Use the following to answer questions 14-15: 14. Tests were performed on a mystery solution to identify the components. A flame test resulted in a yellow flame. The solution did not produce a reaction with the addition of ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, or ammonium sulfate. A halogen test gave no color in the hexane layer. Identify the metal and the halogen ions present in the solution. A) Na, Cl B) Na, Br C) Li, Cl D) Li, Br 15. Tests were performed on a mystery solution to identify the components. A flame test resulted in a reddish flame. The solution produced a white solid upon addition of ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium sulfate. A halogen test gave a pale yellow-orange color in the hexane layer. Identify the metal and the halogen ions present in the solution. A) Li, Br B) Li, I C) Ca, Br D) Ca, I 16. The four elements that compose greater than 96% of the human body are A) calcium, sodium, hydrogen, and oxygen. B) calcium, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. C) carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. D) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, and oxygen. 4

5 17. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A) More than 20 elements that are essential for life are broadly classified as minerals. B) Nutrients are chemical substances produced by the body for growth and proper biological function of the body. C) Organic nutrients, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, are sources for nonmetal elements necessary to support human health and life. D) Generally the body absorbs minerals in the form of ions. 18. When testing for the nutritional minerals in cereal, what is the purpose of ashing the sample? A) To remove the organic molecules from the sample B) To vaporize the minerals so they can be tested C) To test for the presence of the nutritional minerals D) To determine the mass of the minerals in the sample 19. A student performed a calcium test on an unknown. The formation of a cloudy white solid indicated the presence of calcium ions. This test involves A) quantitative analysis. B) qualitative analysis. C) both qualitative and quantitative analysis. D) neither qualitative nor quantitative analysis. 20. What is the purpose of performing the mineral analysis on a sample of distilled water? A) To observe the results of a sample when the ion is present B) To make sure there are no added minerals in the water C) To test the local water for minerals D) To observe the results of a sample that does not contain any minerals 21. A student wants to test a sample for copper ions by adding ammonium hydroxide. The student performs the reaction on a test tube with distilled water, CuCl 2 solution, and the unknown sample. The student observes that the unknown sample looks similar to the CuCl 2 solution. The student can conclude that A) the unknown sample contains Cu 2+ ions. B) the unknown sample does not contain Cu 2+ ions. C) the unknown sample contains Cl - ions. D) more tests must be done to confirm the presence of Cu 2+ ions. 5

6 22. A student was testing for Zn 2+ in an unknown sample. The student set up controls by using tap water and ZnCl 2. The tap water is the control and the ZnCl 2 is the control. A) positive, negative B) negative, positive C) qualitative, quantitative D) randomization, blind 23. A test observation indicated the present of Ca 2+ in an unknown sample. Which of the following compounds may be present in the sample? A) Copper (II) oxide B) Calcium sulfate C) Silicon dioxide D) Potassium iodide 24. Why should the experiment be performed in the hood during the ashing process? A) Minerals produce toxic fumes when burned. B) The fumes need to be captured to complete the experiment. C) Bunsen burners should be used in the hood. D) The cereal may produce smoke and flames. 25. In preparation of the cereal sample, why is hydrochloric acid (HCl) added to the ash? A) Hydrochloric acid reacts with the organic compounds in the ash. B) Hydrochloric acid reacts with the minerals to form the chloride compound of the metal ions. C) Hydrochloric acid decomposes the ash to form simpler compounds. D) Hydrochloric acid reacts with the ash to test for the chloride ions. 26. The negative control used for this experiment is A) tap water. B) sodium hydroxide. C) distilled water. D) no negative control is needed. 6

7 27. Based on her observations, a student concludes that iron is not present in her cereal sample. The nutritional label found on the cereal box states that the cereal is iron enriched. Which one of the following is NOT a possible explanation for this contradiction? A) The amount of iron in the sample is too small to be detected. B) The student used tap water instead of distilled water to prepare her sample. C) The student did not completely react the ash with hydrochloric acid. D) The original sample of cereal was not uniform and did not contain any iron. 28. One way to experimentally determine the presence of nutritional minerals in a cereal sample is to use a flame test. In this lab, which of the following ions were detected using a flame test? A) Ca 2+ and Cu 2+ B) Ca 2+ and Na + C) Na + and K + D) K + and Fe A student obtained an unknown metal from his instructor along with a list of possible metals with their known densities. To determine the identity of the unknown, he decided to calculate the density by measuring the mass and volume of the sample. Which of the following statements is correct? A) The student is using qualitative data to identify the unknown. B) The student is using quantitative data to identify the unknown. C) The student is using qualitative and quantitative data to identify the unknown. D) The student will not have enough data to identify the unknown. 30. Why do you test a solution of CaCl 2 along with your unknown when testing for the Ca 2+ ion? A) It shows a visual outcome of negative results. B) It shows a visual outcome of a sample that does not have Ca 2+ ions. C) It shows a visual outcome of positive results. D) It shows a visual outcome of a sample that has been contaminated. 7

Chemistry Semester One Exam Review

Chemistry Semester One Exam Review Name: 1. Compare physical and chemical changes in matter. 2. State the law on conservation of mass. 3. On which type of mixture(s) does the Tyndall Effect scatter light?