Isomerism CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12. Constitutional isomers...
|
|
- Brandon Adams
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Isomerism onstitutional isomers...
2 3 8 Positional isomers... Functional isomers... ow many constitutional isomers are there for the formula 4 8?
3 arbon atoms are often classified as primary (1 ), secondary (2 ), tertiary (3 ), and quaternary (4 )... methane Label the carbon atoms in the following molecule as 1, 2, 3, or 4. emember, these labels only pertain to carbon atoms with four single bonds
4 This terminology also applies to amines... N N ammonia N N N and amides... 3 N 3 4
5 Unsaturated arbon lassification... alkynyl carbons alkenyl protons aryl protons and carbons alkynyl hydrogen alkenyl carbons For more examples, see the textbook, page 23. Until you hear otherwise, the terms primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary shall apply to saturated carbons. So, if asked for a molecule that contains only 3 carbons, benzene would not be a correct answer. 5
6 alkenes alkanes alkynes Functional Groups: eactive centers that contain heteroatoms or multiple carboncarbon bonds. eteroatom: atoms other than carbon or hydrogen. Typically N,, Si, P, S, Se, F, l, Br, I. multiple carbon-carbon bonds: unsaturation. N Br 6
7 The Functional Groups (Table 1.1 page 4) Structure ondensed Structure Name Nomenclature suffix 2 or arboxylic acid -oic acid S S 3 Sulf onic acid -sulfonic acid 2 or Ester -oate 7
8 l l Acid chloride -oyl chloride N () N 2 () 2 Amide -amide () N N Nitrile -nitrile Aldehyde -al Ketone -one 8
9 Alcohol -ol S S Thiol -thiol N N 2 Amine -amine Alkene -ene Alkyne -yne Ether N/A 9
10 Alcohol -ol S S Thiol -thiol N N 2 Amine -amine Alkene -ene Alkyne -yne Ether N/A 10
11 other common functional groups Arene N/A Phenol N/A S Sulf ide N/A S S S 2 Disulfide N/A S S Sulf oxide N/A N N 2 Nitro N/A 11
12 Things to watch for... common structural elements. Both of these contain the hydroxyl group(-) but they represent different functional groups. N Both of these contain the carbonyl group(=, pronounced carbon-eel group) but they represent different functional groups. IMPTANT: the carbonyl group by itself is not a functional group. It is part of many functional groups depending on what is attached to it. 12
13 The "open" bond in these structures is attached to a carbon Ketone 3 Ketone 3 Not a ketone and, with the exception of alkene/alkyne/arene, this carbon is usually not part of another functional group Ether 3 3 Ether Not an ether
14 rganic Nomenclature Systematic IUPA Nomenclature ompound names have four fields. First field Second field Third field Fourth field substituents compound root saturation index principal functional group 14
15 ompound oot Second Field The compound root name is based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain or ring. n n 2n+2 alkane 1 4 meth-ane eth-ane prop-ane 4 3 ( 2 ) 2 3 but-ane 5 3 ( 2 ) 3 3 pent-ane 6 3 ( 2 ) 4 3 hex-ane 7 3 ( 2 ) 5 3 hept-ane 8 3 ( 2 ) 6 3 oct-ane 9 3 ( 2 ) 7 3 non-ane 10 3 ( 2 ) 8 3 dec-ane For cyclic molecules, the prefix cyclo is added before the compound root prefix. 15
16 Saturation Index Third Field The presence of multiple bonds is indicated by ene (carbon-carbon double bonds) and/or yne (carbon-carbon triple bonds) in the third field of the name When a principal functional group is not present, number the chain to give the multiple bond the lowest number. If there are multiple multiple bonds, add the prefix di, tri, tetra, etc to indicate the number of double or triple bonds in the molecule and give a number to indicate its position. 16
17 Substituents First Field 5-chloro-1-hexene (or 5-chlorohex-1-ene) 4,5-dichloro-5-fluoro-1-hexene (or 4,5-dichloro-5-fluorohex-1-ene) 17
18 Principal Functional Groups Forth Field Functional Group arboxylic acid Sulfonic acid Ester* Acid hloride Amide* Nitrile Aldehyde Ketone Alcohol (including phenol) Thiol Amine Suffix -oic acid -sulfonic acid -oate -oyl chloride -amide -nitrile -al -one -ol -thiol -amine Note that certain functional groups are never considered as a principal functional group and are always treated as a substituent. These include the halogens, ethers, and nitro 18 groups.
19 Principal Functional Groups Forth Field 5-chloro-1-hexen-3-ol (or 5-chlorohex-1-en-3-ol) 2-chloro-5-hexen-1-ol (or 2-chlorohex-5-en-1-ol) 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-hexenal (or 2-chloro-4-hydroxyhex-5-enal) Note that no number is necessary for principal functional groups that must be terminal because they include the first carbon atom of the main chain. 19
20 Substituent List Name Name Name - 3 methyl - 3 methoxy -F fluoro ethyl ethoxy -l chloro propyl propoxy -Br bromo butyl butoxy -I iodo etc. etc. -N 2 amino -( 3 ) 2 isopropyl -( 3 ) 2 isopropoxy -N 2 nitro - 2 ( 3 ) 2 isobutyl - 2 ( 3 ) 2 isobutoxy -N cyano - s-butyl - ( 3 ) 2 3 ( 3 ) 2 3 s-butoxy -( 3 ) 3 t-butyl -( 3 ) 3 t-butoxy - hydroxy phenyl phenoxy = oxo benzyl benzoxy -S mercapto 20
21 ther names you need to know... Benzene = Molecules with this substructure are treated as a class arenes. 3 N 2 2 toluene* aniline* phenol benzaldehyde benzoic acid *these are not IUPA names but common names that you should know. 21
22 Naming arbon-based Substituents methane methyl methyl group ethane ethyl ethyl group 22
23 n-propyl The n-propyl or propyl group. ("n" stands for normal i.e. straight chain) propane isopropyl The 2-propyl or isopropyl group. Notice that the only difference between n-propyl and isopropyl is the point of attachment. 23
24 The n-butyl or butyl group. n-butyl butane sec-butyl The 2-butyl, sec-butyl or s-butyl group. Again, notice that the only difference is the point of attachment. 24
25 3 3 3 isobutyl The isobutyl group. 3 3 isobutane tert-butyl The 2-methyl-2-propyl, tert-butyl or t-butyl group. 25
26 Aryl based Substituents Phenyl Ph or Benzyl Bn or benzylic 26
27 ommon Unsaturated Alkyl substituents 2 Vinyl or ethenyl "allylic" 2 Allyl or propenyl propenyl or isopropenyl (incorrect page 24) 2 Propargyl
28 Yet more substituents... "Acyl" substituents... "Formic acid" formyl 2 Benzyl "Acetic acid" acetyl Ph Benzoic acid Ph benzoyl N 4-acetylpyridine
29 Alkoxy substituents 3 Methanol 3 methoxy 3 2 Ethanol 3 2 ethoxy 3 methoxycyclopentane Phenol phenoxy
30 It's all Greek... n occasion, greek letters are used to indicate the position of an atom relative to a functional group... Br 2 " -bromoacetic acid" 2 N 2 3 An -amino acid. 2 3 An example of an -unsaturated ketone.
31 rganic Nomenclature Summary: 3 Br Br Br Br
32 Practice Substituents oot Unsaturations Functional Group 2 3 S Br
IUPAC Nomenclature Chem12A, Organic Chemistry I
IUPAC Nomenclature ChemA, rganic Chemistry I IUPAC PEFIXES Prefix Substituent Group Number of Carbons meth- methyl eth- ethyl prop- propyl but- butyl pent- pentyl hex- hexyl hept- heptyl 7 oct- octyl 8
More informationUnit 5: Organic Chemistry
Unit 5: Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry: discipline in chemistry focussing strictly on the study of hydrocarbons compounds made up of carbon & hydrogen Organic compounds can contain other elements
More information12.01 Organic Chemistry
12.01 rganic hemistry hemistry of arbon An Introduction to nomenclatures, structures and reactions Dr. Fred mega Garces hemistry 100 Miramar ollege 1 rganic hemistry What is rganic hemistry? rganic hemistry:
More informationCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
03SEP 18:00 19:00 ORGANIC MOLECULES STUDY NOTES ORGANIC MOLECULES Important features of Carbon Carbon has a valency of 4 (can form 4 bonds), and has 4 valence electrons (outermost energy level). Carbon
More informationFunctional Groups. Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity.
Functional Groups Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity. Organic halides: a hydrogen is replaced by a halogen fluoro-,
More informationChapter 11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
hapter 11 Introduction to rganic hemistry Properties of arbon and its compounds 2 Properties of arbon and its compounds 3 Properties of arbon and its compounds 4 Properties of arbon and its compounds 5
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Nomenclature: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature: Alkanes Alkanes Hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are SINGLE bonds Name uses the ending ane Examples: Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane, 2-methylpentane
More informationAlkanes 3/27/17. Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means fat ) - Open chain Aromatic - ring. Alkane Alkene Alkyne
Alkanes EQ 1. How will I define Hydrocarbons? 2. Compare and contrast the 3 types of hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes). Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means
More informationFAMILIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1 SCH4U October 2016 Organic Chemistry Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO 3 - ) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen, a halogen
More informationBasic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B
Basic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B I have gone ahead and compiled all of the basic naming rules that we will be dealing with into one worksheet. I hope this will be helpful to you as you work
More informationNomenclature of Organic Compounds Identification of Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons Nomenclature of Organic ompounds Identification of Functional Groups Alkanes - also known as saturated hydrocarbons or the paraffin series because all bond sites between carbon atoms and between
More informationShort Summary of IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Short Summary of IUPA Nomenclature of rganic ompounds Introduction The purpose of the IUPA system of nomenclature is to establish an international standard of naming compounds to facilitate communication.
More informationBRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9
BRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9 Chapter 11 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes hydrocarbons compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen * 4 families: 1) alkanes only single bonds (includes cycloalkanes)
More informationRules for Naming Organic Molecules. Nomenclature II
Rules for Naming Organic Molecules Nomenclature II 1 Why? The carbon atom is unique in its bonding in that it can form stable molecules consisting of chains of carbon atoms of any length Coupled with the
More informationChapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes.! Structure, Nomenclature and Conformations
hapter 4 Alkanes and ycloalkanes Structure, Nomenclature and onformations arbon Bonding Structural Representation of Simple Alkanes Name Kekule structure ondensed structure Model methane ethane propane
More information4.1.1 Organic: Basic Concepts
.. rganic: Basic oncepts ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double bond
More informationChapter 3: Structure and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Focus on Alkanes
hapter 3: Structure and Nomenclature of rganic ompounds Focus on Alkanes rganic molecules are composed of one or more functional groups attached to one or more hydrocarbon groups (alkyl or groups) I. Functional
More informationOrganic: module 4 revision guide. Basic definitions to know. Drawing Displayed formulae
opyright Goalby Bancroft's School rganic: module 4 revision guide ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds
More information3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
3.1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Organic hemistry is the study of carbon chemistry as carbon has the ability to join together in chains, rings, balls etc. arbon also joins with other elements easily
More informationTopic 10.1: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Notes
Topic 10.1: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Notes Terminology Hydrocarbon: compounds that contain mostly hydrogen and carbon Homologous Series: compounds with the same general formula Molecular Formula:
More informationNaming for Chem 201 CH 4
Naming for Chem 201 Functional groups are referred to as such because they function or react differently and give the molecule different properties. Here s a list of the groups you need to be able to name
More information4.1.1 Organic: Basic Concepts
.. rganic: Basic oncepts ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double bond
More informationChapter 3: Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
hapter : rganic ompounds: Alkanes and ycloalkanes >11 million organic compounds which are classified into families according to structure and reactivity Functional Group (FG): group of atoms which are
More informationSummary Chapter 13-14
Summary Chapter 1-1 Nomenclature 1 prefix + + prefix,- dimethyl 1,5- First give locajon and type of subsjtuents Second give locajon of double bond How many carbons in longest chain? How many of the funcjonal
More informationHydrocarbons and their Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons and their Functional Groups Organic chemistry is the study of compounds in which carbon is the principal element. carbon atoms form four bonds long chains, rings, spheres, sheets, and tubes
More informationOrganic Chemistry. FAMILIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1 SCH4U September 2017 Organic Chemistry Is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO 3 2- ) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen,
More informationOrganic Chemistry. A. Introduction
Organic Chemistry A. Introduction 1. Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of CARBON compounds. There are a huge number of organic compounds. This results from the fact that carbon forms chains
More informationORGANIC NOMENCLATURE
RGAI MELATURE Introduction onfusion can arise in organic chemistry because of the variety of names that have been applied to compounds; common names, trade names and systematic names are prevalent. For
More informationNomenclature SORACHAI SAELIM SORACHAI SAE-LIM
1 Nomenclature SORAAI SAELIM SORAAI SAE-LIM 2 Nomenclature of Alkanes 1. Common name 2. IUPAC name (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Shapes of Alkanes 3 Number of Carbon atoms Meth C=1
More informationThe International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has developed a system of rules for naming organic molecules.
HYDRCARBNS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES The field of organic chemistry includes the study of hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together) and their derivatives (variations
More information3.1 Organic: Basic Concepts
. rganic: Basic oncepts ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double bond
More informationQuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry. QuickTime and a are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry Has
More informationCommon Elements in Organic Compounds
Organic hemistry ommon Elements in Organic ompounds lassification of ydrocarbons Alkanes Alkanes have the general formula n 2n+2 where n = 1,2,3, only single covalent bonds saturated hydrocarbons because
More informationCHEM202 Review of CHEM201. This review is intended to help you prepare for the topics that we will be covering in CHEM202.
CEM202 eview of CEM201 This review is intended to help you prepare for the topics that we will be covering in CEM202. Be sure to review the in chapter examples and exercises associated with the bullet
More information3.1 Organic: Basic Concepts
3.1 rganic: Basic oncepts ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double bond
More informationHONORS: Naming Organic Compounds
HONORS: Naming Organic Compounds Organic chemistry centers around the element carbon. Hydrocarbons (compounds made of the elements hydrogen and carbon are the basic building foundation of organic chemistry.
More informationGetting Started. IUPAC Nomenclature. Basic Part - Suffixes. The Three Basic Parts. Parent and suffix. Basic Part the Parent 2/12/14 CH 4
Getting Started IUPAC Nomenclature Naming Molecules by Following the Rules You first have to identify the family that your molecule belongs to So, check for functional groups If there are none, then your
More informationAlkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons generally fall into 2 general groupings, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain chains and rings of hydrocarbons,
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry
Introduction to rganic hemistry rganic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. It is such a complex branch of chemistry because carbon form a wide variety of compounds for the following reasons 1)
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Organic molecules are everywhere! The Alkanes (See pages 25-4 and 25-5) Naming Alkanes (See pages 25-7 to 25-10)
RGANI EMISTRY hemistry 11 rganic molecules are everywhere! Some common examples: Sucrose (sugar) Methane (natural gas) Butane (lighter fluid) Plastic Acetic Acid (vinegar) Ethanol (fuel additive) What
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY GENERAL DESRIPTION A. The Study of arbon ompounds B. Organic reminds us of plant or animal origins of some compounds 1. Natural medicines: morphine, penicillin 2. Fibers:
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationChapter 9. Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 9 Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds. Of tens of millions of known chemical compounds,
More informationEmpirical formula: shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound
3.7 rganic naming and Isomerism ydrocarbon is a compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only Basic definitions to know Saturated: ontain single carbon-carbon bonds only Unsaturated : ontains a = double
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Introduction to Organic Chemistry 01/03/2018. Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk Introduction to Organic Chemistry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9r1dmhh2m0 Organic Chemistry Study of compounds that contain carbon as the main element Relevant
More information1.8. Organic Chemistry. Practice Exam Organic Chem. System LENGTH: VOLUME MASS Temperature. 1 gal = 4 qt. 1 lb = 16 oz.
rganic hemistry Practice Exam rganic hem Name (last) (First) Read all questions before you start. Show all work and explain your answers to receive full credit. Report all numerical answers to the proper
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline Slide 2 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of and its compounds. The major sources of carbon are the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas,
More information8.01 Organic Chemistry
8.01 rganic hemistry hemistry of arbon An Introduction to nomenclatures, structures and reactions Dr. Fred mega Garces hemistry 111 Miramar ollege 1 rganic hemistry What is rganic hemistry? rganic hemistry:
More informationChapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Functional Group: Be able to identify and name any of the functional groups listed on Table 3.1, pages 76-77. Summary of important functional
More informationUnit 12 Organic Chemistry
Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Day 138 5/5/14 QOD: What is Organic Chemistry? Do Now: True or false? 1. Electrochemical cells generate electricity. 2. Electrons flow from left to right in a battery. 3. Redox
More informationChem 201 Nomenclature Set Beauchamp Name
hem 0 omenclature Set Beauchamp ame Y:\files\classes\rganic hemistry Tool hest\omenclature\0 lecture nomencalature problems.doc hem 0 omenclature Set Beauchamp ame Answers. isopropyl "" n-hexyl "" t-pentyl
More informationUNIT (7) ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: HYDROCARBONS
UNIT (7) RGANI MPUNDS: YDRARBNS rganic chemistry is the study carbon containing compounds. 7.1 Bonding in rganic ompounds rganic compounds are made up of only a few elements and the bonding is almost entirely
More informationCarbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups. Reactions
arbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups 2 Reactions Not electrolytes; they do not generally conduct electricity. Low melting points; they are nonpolar with weak forces of attraction.
More informationNaming Organic Compounds: Alkanes
Naming Organic Compounds: Alkanes Chemical nomenclature assigns compounds a unique name that allows them to be easily identified and structurally understood. The International Union of Pure and Applied
More informationMODULE-16 HYDROCARBONS. Hydrocarbons can be classified according to the types of bonds between the carbon atoms:
MODULE-16 YDROARBONS SATURATED AND UNSATURATED YDROARBONS:- ydrocarbons can be classified according to the types of bonds between the carbon atoms: (i) Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between
More informationORGANIC NOMENCLATURE. dimethyl ether By writing their formulae in a structural form we can differentiate between these two compounds.
hemistry 121 Winter 2001 ourse otes Principles of hemistry II Introduction RGAI MELATURE onfusion can arise in organic chemistry because of the variety of names that have been applied to compounds; common
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds Organic Man-made Substances Plant or Animal
More informationObjectives. Organic molecules. Carbon. Hydrocarbon Properties. Organic Chemistry Introduction. Organic versus Hydrocarbon 1/1/17
Objectives Organic Chemistry Introduction 8.1 To determine the properties of organic molecules and recognize a hydrocarbon. Use table P and Q to write structural and molecular formulas for hydrocarbons.
More informationBasic definitions for organic chemistry
rganic hemistry - Introduction 81 1 Basic definitions for organic chemistry Scope rganic chemistry is a vast subject so it is easier to split it into small sections for study. This is usually done by studying
More informationChapter 22. Organic and Biological Molecules
Chapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules The Bonding of Carbon Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. Because carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, the following
More informationMasters for transparencies. 5.1 Matter and materials
Masters for transparencies 5.1 Matter and materials KNWLEDGE AREA: MATTER AND MATERIALS rganic molecules rganic molecules Plastic and polymers UNIT 1 RGANI MLEULES Alkanes ycloalkanes rganic compounds
More informationBASIC NOMENCLATURE. The names of the groups you must be able to recognize and draw are:
A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: BASIC NOMENCLATURE 1. Give examples of, and recognize when given the structure, representatives of the following classes of compounds. Alkyl halides (1, 2, 3 ) Alcohols (1,
More information3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition, Chapter 3 2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 1 Families of Organic Compounds!
More informationChapter 2: An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter : An Introduction to Organic Compounds I. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: Functional groups with similar structure/reactivity may be "grouped" together. A. Functional Groups With Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Two types Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons 3.1 Alkanes Also referred as aliphatic hydrocarbons General formula: CnH2n+2 (straight chain) and CnH2n (cyclic)
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon.
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. In this chapter we will discuss the structural features of organic molecules, nomenclature, and a
More informationNomenclature Problems Guidelines and summary page on last two pages.
Nomenclature Problems Guidelines and summary page on last two pages... 3. 4. 5. Z:\classes\34\34 Special andouts\34 Nomenclature lect probs only.doc 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. Z:\classes\34\34 Special andouts\34 Nomenclature
More informationElectronegativity Scale F > O > Cl, N > Br > C, H
Organic Chem Chapter 12 Alkanes Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon has several properties that are worth discussing: Tetravalent Always forms 4 bonds Can form multiple bonds (double
More informationOrganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013
rganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013 Exam 2: VERSI C 1. Rank the dienophiles from most reactive to least reactive in the Diels Alder reaction (most>least) E I II III IV > II > III > IV b) III > I > II
More informationAlkenes. Alkenes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Alkenes Alkenes Each member contains one double covalent bond between two C atoms. Draw condensed structural formulas of first three members of alkenes family. Alkenes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
More informationOrganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, Which of the following reaction intermediates will form the fastest in the reaction below?
rganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013 Exam 2: VERSI D 1. Which of the following reaction intermediates will form the fastest in the reaction below? C 1 equiv a 2 a) IV b) III c) II d) II & III e) I I.
More informationChem 261 Dec 6, 2017
209 Chem 261 Dec 6, 2017 REVIEW: Example: K!! + 3 C + 3 C K tert-butoxide (an alkoxide) methanol tert-butanol pka = 16 pka = 19 methoxide stronger base stronger acid (lower pka, more acidic) weaker acid
More informationCarbon-heteroatom single bonds basic C N C X. X= F, Cl, Br, I Alkyl Halide C O. epoxide Chapter 14 H. alcohols acidic H C S C. thiols.
hapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols 13.1 Structure and Properties of Alcohols Alkanes arbon - arbon Multiple Bonds arbon-heteroatom single bonds basic Alkenes X X= F, l,, I Alkyl alide amines hapter 23 nitro
More information1. Find the highest priority group. These are listed in order of priority in the table of functional groups (next page).
General Strategy For aming Simple rganic ompounds (Bare bones summary sheets). Find the highest priority group. These are listed in order of priority in the table of functional groups (next page).. Find
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationFamiliarize yourself with the principal functional groups of organic chemistry
Chemistry 261 Laboratory Experiment 1: Model Building Reading from Zubrick, 10 th Edition (for Live Labs Beginning Next Week) Safety, pages 1-10 Keeping a Notebook, pages 11-24 Mining Your Own Data, pages
More informationLab Workshop 1: Nomenclature of alkane and cycloalkanes
Lab Workshop 1: Nomenclature of alkane and cycloalkanes Each student work group choose a Leader (reads activity out loud, poses questions to group), Facilitator (makes sure everyone is participating equally,
More informationName Date Class FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. SECTION 23.1 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (pages )
Name Date lass 23 FUNTINAL GRUPS SETIN 23.1 INTRDUTIN T FUNTINAL GRUPS (pages 725 729 This section defines a functional group and gives several examples. It also describes halocarbons and the substitution
More informationChapter 22. Organic and Biological Molecules
hapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules hapter 22 Preview Organic and Biological Molecules Alkanes: Saturated ydrocarbons Isomerism, Nomenclature, Reactions of alkanes, yclic alkanes Alkenes, Alkynes,
More informationCHE1502. Tutorial letter 203/1/2016. General Chemistry 1B. Semester 1. Department of Chemistry
E1502/203/1/2016 Tutorial letter 203/1/2016 General hemistry 1B E1502 Semester 1 Department of hemistry This tutorial letter contains the answers to the questions in assignment 3. FIRST SEMESTER: KEY T
More informationUnit 9. Organic compounds
Unit 9. Organic compounds Index 1.- How to Name Organic Compounds...2 2.- Types of Compounds...3 Exercises...6 Practice exam...9 Page 1 of 11 The IUPAC Naming (nomenclature) System 1.- How to Name Organic
More informationUnit 7 ~ Learning Guide Name:
Unit 7 ~ Learning Guide : Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this
More informationChemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes
Chemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes ydrocarbons: a large family of organic compounds and they contain only carbon and hydrogen. ydrocarbons are divided into two groups: 1. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon
More informationChapter 20 (part 2) Organic Chemistry
Chapter 20 (part 2) Organic Chemistry Section 20.7 Alkenes and Alkynes Alkenes: hydrocarbons that contain a carbon carbon double bond. [C n H 2n ] CH 3 CH=CH 2 propene Alkynes: hydrocarbons containing
More informationChemistry 131 Lectures 3: The Shapes of Organic Molecules, Naming Alkanes Sections in McMurry, Ballantie, et. al.
Chemistry 131 Lectures 3: The Shapes of Organic Molecules, Naming Alkanes Sections 12.5 12.6 in McMurry, Ballantie, et. al. 7 th edition HW #1: 12.30, 12.32, 12.34, 12.44, 12.48, 12.52, 12.64, 12.66, 12.68,
More informationTopic 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Isomerism
Topic 1.5 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY Introduction to Organic hemistry Nomenclature Isomerism 1. arbon compounds INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds.
More information2 ethane CH 3 CH 3. 3 propane CH 3 CH 2 CH 3
#100 Notes Unit 12: Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry Ch. Organic/ Biochemistry I. Alkanes, C n H 2n+2 (saturated hydrocarbons: no C=C or C C) *always 4 bonds on carbon # Carbons parent chain name
More informationOrganic Chemistry Unit Review Package
Name: Worksheet 7.viii Organic Chemistry Unit Review Package Generalized Organic Chemistry Naming Procedure Grouped into three general phases. 1. Identification phase (finding all important/correct information)
More informationChapter 16 Aldehydes and Ketones I: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group
Aldehydes and Ketones I: Nucleophilic Addition to the arbonyl Group 16.1 Introduction Aldehydes and ketones contain an acyl group bonded either to hydrogen or to another carbon. Acyl group δ + δ 120 sp
More informationCHEMISTRY - TRO 4E CH.21 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
!! www.clutchprep.com TOPI: ORGANI EMISTRY Organic hemistry is the study of carbon and the other common nonmetals it is connected to:,, &. Some organic molecules are made of just carbons and hydrogens
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Classification of organic compounds
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is very important branch of chemistry and it study the compounds which contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), in general, and may contains other atoms such as oxygen (O),
More informationIntroduc)on to Func)onal Groups in Organic Molecules
Introduc)on to Func)onal Groups in rganic Molecules CH 3 H 3 C N C C N C C N N CH CH 3 Caffeine Func)onal Group Func%onal group - collec)on of atoms at a site that have a characteris)c behavior in all
More informationRevision Guide Unit 2. Module 1 Organic Chemistry
Revision Guide Unit 2 Module 1 Organic Chemistry Types of formulae Types of formula you need to know 1. Empirical 2. Molecular 3. Displayed 4. Structural 5. Skeletal 6. General DefiniJons empirical formula
More informationUnit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic Compounds UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic ompounds UNIT 7 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY PART 1 NOMENLATURE AND ISOMERISM IN SIMPLE ORGANI MOLEULES ontents
More informationOrganic Chemistry Notes. Chapter 23
Organic Chemistry Notes Chapter 23 What is so special about carbon? Carbon has 4 valence electrons so carbon will always form 4 covalent bonds The simplest organic compound is a hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
More informationNAMING AND ISOMERISM
NAMING AND ISOMERISM ONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in some way. They may differ in the order that the atoms are connected, or how they appear
More information2. Large biomolecules ( ) can be constructed!
Ch. 22 Organic Chemistry I. The chemistry of II. Carbon can bond with up to four other atoms 1. Because of this, many combinations can occur. 2. Large biomolecules ( ) can be constructed! III. Properties
More informationChapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds
Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds 1 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic compounds are carbon compounds and there are over a million. The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and they are composed of hydrogen
More informationORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups
ORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups Important Features of Carbon There are different allotropes (same element, same phase, different
More informationHydrocarbons. Chapter 22-23
Chapter 22-23 Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds All Carbon containing compounds Except carbon oxides, carbides, and carbonates which are inorganic. CO & CO2 Na4C CaCO3 +8 oxidation change CH 4 + O 2 CO 2
More information