Unit 2 Lesson 3 Physical and Chemical Changes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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2 Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions.

3 Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.6 Understand that scientific investigations involve the collection of relevant empirical evidence, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses, predictions, explanations and models to make sense of the collected evidence. SC.8.P.9.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.

4 Florida Benchmarks SC.8.P.9.2 Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes. SC.8.P.9.3 Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes. LA The student will organize information to show understanding (e.g., representing main ideas within text through charting, mapping, paraphrasing, summarizing, or comparing/ contrasting).

5 Change of Appearance What are physical changes of matter? A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. The appearance, shape, or size of a substance may be altered during a physical change. Physical changes, such as changes in state, do not change the chemical identity of a substance.

6 Change from the inside What are chemical changes to matter? A chemical change is the process in which one or more substances change into entirely new substances. Chemical changes are not the same as chemical properties. Burning is a chemical change; flammability is a chemical property.

7 What are chemical changes to matter? When particles and chemical bonds that make up a substance are rearranged, a chemical change has taken place. Chemical changes are often influenced by temperature. Higher temperatures often mean faster chemical reactions.

8 Look for the Signs How can you tell a chemical change has happened? There are several signs that a chemical reaction has occurred. Observing two or more of these signs during a change means you are likely observing a chemical change.

9 How can you tell a chemical change has happened? Odors can be produced during a chemical change. Fizzing and foaming may mean gases are being produced. The production of gas is often evidence of a chemical change. Boiling also can produce gas bubbles, but boiling is a physical change.

10 How can you tell a chemical change has happened? A precipitate is a solid that falls out of solution. The formation of a precipitate can indicate a chemical change. Energy that changes from one form to another can be evidence of a chemical change. Changes in temperature and color can be signs of a chemical change.

11 Conservation Is the Law What is the law of conservation of mass? French chemist Antoine Lavoisier studied chemical changes in which substances appeared to gain or lose mass. Lavoisier completed experiments in sealed bulbs to show conservation of mass during a reaction.

12 What is the law of conservation of mass? The law of conservation of mass states that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass is not created or destroyed. It is only transformed into different substances.

13 What is the law of conservation of mass? Physical changes are reversible and follow the law of conservation of mass. Mass is conserved during chemical changes. The mass of the starting materials is the same as the mass of the end products.