Chemical Bonds. Chapter 6
|
|
- Aubrey Gibbs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemical Bonds Chapter 6 1
2 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding I. How and Why Atoms Bond A. Vocabulary B. Chemical Bonds - Basics C. Chemical Bonds Types D. Chemical Bonds Covalent E. Drawing Lewis Diagrams F. Bond Polarity 2
3 A. Vocabulary (review) CHEMICAL FORMULA IONIC COVALENT Formula Unit Molecular Formula NaCl CO 2
4 A. Vocabulary (review) COMPOUND 2 elements more than 2 elements Binary Compound Ternary Compound NaCl NaNO 3
5 A. Vocabulary (review) ION 1 atom 2 or more atoms Monatomic Ion Polyatomic Ion Na + NO 3 -
6 A. Vocabulary Chemical Bond Attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit Bonds form in order to. Decrease potential energy Increase stability (fill valence shell according) 6
7 A. Vocabulary Chemical Formula The number and type of atoms in a compound The number of atoms in a molecular element ex. NaCl & CO 2 7
8 A. Vocabulary Compound A chemically bonded substance made up of more than one element BINARY COMPOUND: 2 elements NaCl TERTIARY COMPOUND: 3+ elements NaNO 3 8
9 A. Vocabulary Ion An atom or molecule with differing numbers of protons and electrons More protons = positive cation More electrons = negative anion Monatomic Ion: 1 atom Na + Polyatomic Ion: 2+ atoms NO 3-9
10 B. Chemical Bonds - Basic Most stable atoms have 8 valence electrons Octet rule Does not apply to d and f sublevels Atoms can gain, lose, or share electrons Generally: More than 4 valence electrons = gain electrons Less than 4 valence electrons = lose electrons 10
11 11
12 B. Chemical Bonds - Basic Bonding depends on electronegativity (EN) 3 BASIC combinations 1. IONIC BOND - metals & nonmetals Highly EN nonmetals attract electrons Valence electrons of metal transfer to nonmetal Metal becomes cation, nonmetals becomes an anion Ionic bond results 12
13 B. Chemical Bonds - Basic 2. COVALENT BOND - nonmetals & nonmetals Large EN of both atoms equally attract electrons Neither gives up electrons and they are shared Covalent bond results 3. METALLIC BOND - metals & metals Neither metal strongly attracts electrons Electrons shared Metallic bond results THERE ARE MANY EXCEPTIONS TO THESE COMBINATIONS 13
14 Bond Formation Type of Structure Melting Point Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties C. Chemical Bonds - Types IONIC COVALENT e - are transferred from metal to nonmetal crystal lattice high yes yes (solution or liquid) e - are shared between two nonmetals true molecules Physical State solid liquid or gas low usually not no odorous
15 C. Chemical Bonds - Ionic Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice Lattice energy is the amount of energy needed to separate, or dissolve, a crystal Formula Units are the relative number of atoms in a compound. Simplest whole number ratio between atoms in a compound
16 NaCl crystals 16
17 17
18 C. Chemical Bonds - Covalent Double covalent bonds atoms share 2 pairs of electrons Ex. Sulfur monoxide (S-O) Triple covalent bonds atoms share 3 pairs of electrons Ex. Atmospheric nitrogen (N N) Covalent bonding creates true molecules, individual units of bound substances 18
19 C. Chemical Bonds - Types Bond Formation Type of Structure Physical State Melting Point Solubility in Water Electrical Conductivity Other Properties METALLIC e - are delocalized among metal atoms electron sea solid very high no yes (any form) malleable, ductile, lustrous
20 D. Chemical Bonds Electron-Dot Structures Electron-Dot Structures (Lewis Dot Structures) Used to show how electrons are shared between atoms 20
21 D. Chemical Bonds Electron-Dot Structures Diagram of covalent bonds (-) Ex. CH 3 OH 21
22 22
23 D. Chemical Bonds Electron-Dot Structures Resonance structures the different ways structures are arranged 23
24 D. Chemical Bonds Electron-Dot Structures Rules for drawing electron-dot structures Rule 6: Check to make sure all atoms have 8 electrons 24
25 E. Drawing Lewis Diagrams Examples on next slides: CF 4 BeCl 2 Standard Form CO 2 ClO 4 - NH 4 + SO 3 Polyatomic Form Resonance 25
26 Drawing Lewis Diagrams CF 4 1 C 4e - = 4e - 4 F 7e - = 28e - 32e - - 8e - 24e - F F C F F
27 Drawing Lewis Diagrams BeCl 2 1 Be 2e - = 2e - 2 Cl 7e - = 14e - 16e - - 4e - 12e - Cl Be Cl
28 Drawing Lewis Diagrams CO 2 1 C 4e - = 4e - 2 O 6e - = 12e - 16e - - 4e - 12e - O C O
29 Polyatomic Ions To find total # of valence e-: Add 1e- for each negative charge. Subtract 1e- for each positive charge. Place brackets around the ion and label the charge.
30 Polyatomic Ions ClO Cl 7e - = 7e - 4 O 6e - = 24e - 31e - + 1e - 32e - - 8e - 24e - O O Cl O O
31 Polyatomic Ions NH N 5e - = 5e - 4 H 1e - = 4e - 9e - - 1e - 8e - - 8e - 0e - H H N H H
32 Resonance Structures Molecules that can t be correctly represented by a single Lewis diagram. Actual structure is an average of all the possibilities. Show possible structures separated by a double-headed arrow.
33 Resonance Structures SO 3 O O S O O O S O O O S O
34 F. Bond Polarity Most bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics Differences in electronegativity determines bond type. 34
35 35
36 F. Bond Polarity Electronegativity trend Increases up and to the right Fluorine the most EN element 36
37 F. Bond Polarity Electronegativity Attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons Higher EN atom δ - Lower EN atom δ + 37
38 F. Bond Polarity Nonpolar covalent bond E- are shared equally Symmetrical e- density Usually identical atoms 38
39 F. Bond Polarity Polar covalent bond E- are shared unequally Asymmetrical e- density Results in partial charges (dipole) 39
40 F. Bond Polarity Ionic bond Electrons are pulled Ions are present Complete + and - charges 40
41 41
42 F. Bond Polarity Nonpolar covalent no charge Polar covalent partial charge Which diagram represents a molecular with a nonpolar covalent bond? 42
43 Most bonds are a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics. Difference in electronegativity determines bond type. F. Bond Polarity
44 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding II. Molecular Compounds A. Molecular Compounds vs. Formula Units B. Special Cases 44
45 A. Molecular Compounds vs. Formula Units 45
46 A. Special Cases Diatomic Molecules H NO Halogens H 2 N 2 O 2 F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2 H and Halogens form single bonds O forms double bond N forms triple bond Polyatomic Ions A positive charge means lost electron A negative charge means gained electron Square brackets with superscript [ ] +/- Overall charge of the compound is NEUTRAL 46
47 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding III. Quantum Model A. Valence Bond Theory B. Hybridization 47
48 A. Valence Bond Theory Valence Bond Theory covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap to form an area of high electron probability H-H s orbital of each hydrogen overlaps Sigma Bonds!!! F-F p orbitals of each fluorine overlaps 48
49 A. Valence Bond Theory Sigma bonds = end-to-end bonds S and s bonds S and p bonds P and p bonds Additional Bonding = more than one set of orbitals overlap Pi bonds = side-to-side bonds Double bond 1 sigma bond + 1 pi bond Triple bond 1 sigma + 2 pi bonds 49
50 50
51 51
52 52
53 B. Hybridization Hybridization the process by which new kinds of orbitals with equal energies are formed from a combination of orbitals of different energies: If 1S and 3P orbitals hybridize = sp3 If 1S and 2P orbitals hybridize = sp2 (1 left over p orbital forms 1 pi bond) Id 1S and 1P orbital hybridize = sp (2 left over p orbitals form 2 pi bonds) 53
54 C forming 4 bonds C C in CH 4 54
55 B forming 3 bonds 55
56 56
57 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding IV. Molecular Shape A. VSEPR Theory B. Determining Molecular Shape C. Common Molecular Shapes 57
58 A. VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs orient themselves in order to minimize repulsive forces.
59 A. VSEPR Theory Types of e - Pairs Bonding pairs - form bonds Lone pairs - nonbonding e - Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!!
60 A. VSEPR Theory Lone pairs reduce the bond angle between atoms. Bond Angle
61 B. Determining Molecular Shape Draw the Lewis Diagram. Tally up e - pairs on central atom. double/triple bonds = ONE pair Shape is determined by the # of bonding pairs and lone pairs. Know the 8 common shapes & their bond angles!
62 C. Common Molecular Shapes 2 total 2 bond 0 lone LINEAR BeH 2 180
63 C. Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 3 bond 0 lone BF 3 TRIGONAL PLANAR 120
64 C. Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 2 bond 1 lone SO 2 BENT <120
65 C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 4 bond 0 lone CH 4 TETRAHEDRAL 109.5
66 C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 3 bond 1 lone NH 3 TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107
67 C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 2 bond 2 lone H 2 O BENT 104.5
68 C. Common Molecular Shapes 5 total 5 bond 0 lone PCl 5 BIPYRAMIDAL TRIGONAL 120 /90
69 C. Common Molecular Shapes 6 total 6 bond 0 lone SF 6 OCTAHEDRAL 90
70 D. Examples PF 3 4 total 3 bond 1 lone F P F F TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107
71 D. Examples CO 2 2 total 2 bond 0 lone O C O LINEAR 180
72 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding V. Nomenclature A. Molecular Nomenclature B. Ionic Nomenclature C. Naming Acids 72
73 A. Molecular Nomenclature Binary compounds Prefix naming system Least EN atom comes first Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms Omit mono-prefix on first element Change the ending of the second element to -ide 73
74 A. Molecular Nomenclature Pre-fix Number Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri- 3 Tetra- 4 Penta- 5 Hexa- 6 Hepta- 7 Octa- 8 Nona- 9 Deca
75 A. Molecular Nomenclature Examples: CCl 4 N 2 O SF 4 H 2 O 75
76 B. Ionic Nomenclature Ionic Formulas: Write each ion, cation first. Don t show charges in the final formula Overall charge must equal zero If charges cancel, just write symbols If not, use subscripts to balance charges Use parentheses to show more than one polyatomic ion Stock system Roman numerals indicate the ion s charge. 76
77 B. Ionic Nomenclature Ionic Names: Write the names of both ions, cations first Change the ending of monotomic ions to ide Polyatomic ions have special names Stock Systems: Use Roman numerals to show the ion s charge if more than one is possible. Overall charge must equal zero. 77
78 B. Ionic Nomenclature Examples: Potassium chloride K + Cl - KCl Magnesium nitrate Mg 2+ NO 3- Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Copper (II) chloride Cu 2+ Cl - CuCl 2 78
79 C. Naming Acids See text 79
CP Covalent Bonds Ch. 8 &
CP Covalent Bonds Ch. 8 & 9 2015-2016 Why do atoms bond? Atoms want stability- to achieve a noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons For covalent
More informationCovalent Bonds Ch. Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons
Covalent Bonds Ch. Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration ( ) For bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons For covalent bonds there is a of electrons to get an
More informationCHAPTER 6: CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS CHAPTER 16: COVALENT BONDING
CHAPTER 6: CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS CHAPTER 16: COVALENT BONDING 6.1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different
More informationOutline Introduction: Multiple bonds, Bond. strength. Naming molecules Drawing Lewis Structures Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory Bond Polarity
Covalent Bonding Outline Introduction: Multiple bonds, Bond strength Naming molecules Drawing Lewis Structures Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory Bond Polarity Why do atoms bond? Recall that noble gases
More informationCovalent & Metallic Bonding
Covalent & Metallic Bonding Metallic Bonding Metals are made of closely packed cations. These cations have a number of valence electrons floating around them as what we call a sea of electrons. Metallic
More informationChapter 7. Ionic & Covalent Bonds
Chapter 7 Ionic & Covalent Bonds Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds 7.1 EN difference and bond character >1.7 = ionic 0.4 1.7 = polar covalent 1.7 Electrons not shared at
More informationCh 6 Chemical Bonding
Ch 6 Chemical Bonding What you should learn in this section (objectives): Define chemical bond Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds Describe ionic and covalent bonding Explain why most chemical bonding
More informationBonding. Honors Chemistry 412 Chapter 6
Bonding Honors Chemistry 412 Chapter 6 Chemical Bond Mutual attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds them together. Types of Bonds Ionic Bonds Force of attraction
More informationCovalent Bonding bonding that results from the sharing of electron pairs.
Unit 5 Notes Covalent Bonding, Covalent Compounds, and Intermolecular Forces Chemical Bond a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms
More informationLET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING
COVALENT BONDING LET S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. K F K F K F K F K F K F K + F _ The compound potassium
More informationChapter 7 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7 Chemical Bonding 7.1 Ionic Bonding Octet rule: In forming compounds atoms lose, gain or share electrons to attain a noble gas configuration with 8 electrons in their outer shell (s 2 p 6 ), except
More informationChemical Bonding. Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Chemical Bonding Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Section 3 Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds Section 4 Metallic Bonding Section
More informationChemistry 51 Chapter 5 OCTET RULE & IONS
OCTET RULE & IONS Most elements, except noble gases, combine to form compounds. Compounds are the result of the formation of chemical bonds between two or more different elements. In the formation of a
More informationCh. 7 Notes ~ Covalent Bonding NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 7 Notes ~ Covalent Bonding NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. I. Compounds a review A. compound ( cmpd. ) a substance formed from more than one
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Objectives. Molecular Compounds
Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Preview Objectives Molecular Compounds Formation of a Covalent Bond Characteristics of the Covalent Bond The Octet Rule Electron-Dot Notation Lewis Structures
More informationBonding. Polar Vs. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds. Ionic or Covalent? Identifying Bond Types. Solutions + -
Chemical Bond Mutual attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds them together. Bonding onors Chemistry 412 Chapter 6 Types of Bonds Ionic Bonds Force of attraction
More informationIntramolecular Bonding. Chapters 4, 12 Chemistry Mr. McKenzie
Intramolecular Bonding Chapters 4, 12 Chemistry Mr. McKenzie What determines the type of intramolecular bond? An intramolecular bond is any force that holds two atoms together to form a compound; 3 types
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonding Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical bond! is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together Why are most
More informationChapter 6 Chemistry Review
Chapter 6 Chemistry Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Put the LETTER of the correct answer in the blank. 1. The electrons involved in
More informationCh 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules
Fructose Water Ch 10 Chemical Bonding, Lewis Structures for Ionic & Covalent Compounds, and Predicting Shapes of Molecules Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Title and Highlight TN Ch 10.1 Topic: EQ: Right Side NOTES
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS
CHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS IONIC BONDING When an atom of a nonmetal takes one or more electrons from an atom of a metal so both atoms end up with eight valence
More informationCHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING
CHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING Problems: 1-26, 27c, 28, 33-34, 35b, 36(a-c), 37(a,b,d), 38a, 39-40, 41-42(a,c), 43-58, 67-74 12.1 THE CHEMICAL BOND CONCEPT chemical bond: what holds atoms or ions together
More informationUnit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Unit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples
More informationAtoms have the ability to do two things in order to become isoelectronic with a Noble Gas.
CHEMICAL BONDING Atoms have the ability to do two things in order to become isoelectronic with a Noble Gas. 1.Electrons can be from one atom to another forming. Positive ions (cations) are formed when
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical Bonds. Ionic Bonding. Lewis Symbols
CHEMICAL BONDING Chemical Bonds Lewis Symbols Octet Rule whenever possible, valence electrons in covalent compounds distribute so that each main-group element is surrounded by 8 electrons (except hydrogen
More information4 Molecules and Compounds
4 Molecules and ompounds 4 Molecules and ompounds Atoms that have assembled into substances (new or old) are bonded (glued) together. The way the atoms are bonded together will create different properties
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding CHAPTER 8 Table Of Contents Section 8.2 Section 8.3 Section 8.4 Section 8.5 Naming Molecules Molecular Structures Molecular Shapes Electronegativity
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationHey, Baby. You and I Have a Bond...Ch. 8
I. IONIC BONDING FUNDAMENTALS A. They form between... 1. A and a a. A to become b. A to become B. How it happens (Let s first focus on two atoms): 1. When a metal and a nonmetal meet, electrons get transferred
More informationChapter 8: Covalent Bonding. Chapter 8
: Covalent Bonding Bonding Ionic Bonding - attracted to each other, but not fully committed Covalent Bonding - fully committed, and shares everything Two methods to gain or lose valence electrons: Transfer
More informationCh 6.1 Chemical Bonding
Ch 6.1 Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds the attractive forces that hold different atoms or ions together (Intramolecular or electrostatic Forces Why Bond? Atoms bond to achieve a full outer energy level
More informationRESONANCE STRUCTURE When a molecule has more than one possible structure. Draw all possible structures and place a double end arrow ( ) in between.
CHEMISTRY NOTES 6.1 COVALENT BONDS Objectives Explain the role and location of electrons in a covalent bond. Describe the change in energy and stability that takes place as a covalent bond forms. Distinguish
More informationChapter 7 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter 7 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Three Types of Chemical Bonding (1) Ionic: formed by electron transfer (2) Covalent: formed by electron sharing (3) Metallic: attraction between metal
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationIB Chemistry. Chapter 4.1
IB Chemistry Chapter 4.1 Chemical Bonds Atoms or ions that are strongly attached to one another Chemical bonds will form if potential energy decreases (becomes more stable) 2 Valence Electrons Valence
More informationNa Cl Wants to lose ONE electron! Na Cl Ionic Bond TRANSFER of electrons between atoms. Ionic Bonding. Ionic Bonding.
BONDING Chemical Bond Attraction that holds atoms together Types include IONIC, METALLIC, or COVALENT Differences in electronegativity determine the bond type Ionic Bond TRANSFER of electrons between atoms
More informationUnit 4. Bonding and Nomenclature
Unit 4 Bonding and Nomenclature A. Vocabulary Chemical Bond attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit bonds form in order to decrease potential energy (PE) increase stability
More informationChemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together
Chemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together When atoms form chemical bonds their valence electrons move around. This makes atoms
More information4/25/2017. VSEPR Theory. Two Electron Groups. Shapes of Molecules. Two Electron Groups with Double Bonds. Three Electron Groups.
Chapter 10 Lecture Chapter 10 Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids 10.3 Shapes of Molecules and Ions (VSEPR Theory) Learning Goal Predict the three-dimensional structure of a molecule or a polyatomic
More informationChemical Bonding. Chemical Bonds. Metals, Ions, or Molecules. All Matter Exists as Atoms,
Chemical Bonding Valence electrons (the outer most electrons) are responsible for the interaction between atoms when forming chemical compounds. Another way to say that is that valence electrons are the
More informationIonic Bond TRANSFER of electrons between atoms. Ionic Bonding. Ionic Bonding. Ionic Bonding. Attraction that holds atoms together
BONDING Chemical Bond Attraction that holds atoms together Types include IONIC, METALLIC, or COVALENT Differences in electronegativity determine the bond type Ionic Bond TRANSFER of electrons between atoms
More informationMolecular Geometry & Polarity
Molecular Geometry & Polarity Learn Shapes you will Because the physical and chemical properties of compounds are tied to their structures, the importance of molecular geometry can not be overstated. Localized
More informationTest Bank for Introductory Chemistry Essentials 5th Edition by Tro
Test Bank for Introductory Chemistry Essentials 5th Edition by Tro Sample Introductory Chemistry, 5e (Tro) Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding 10.1 True/False Questions 1) Bonding theories are used to predict
More informationCh 12.1 What are compounds? Two or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance.
Ch 12.1 What are compounds? Two or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance. Structure of Compounds Network Structures = strong solids Molecules= weak solids, liquids, or gases Bonding
More informationUnit IV. Covalent Bonding
Unit IV. Covalent Bonding READING ASSIGNMENT 1: Read 16.1 pp. 437-451. Complete section review questions 1-12. Lewis Theory of Covalent Bonding- The driving force of bond formation is the desire of each
More informationBonding. Computer Lab: Ionic Bonds. Important Notes 3/22/18
Bonding What are ionic bonds, and how are they formed? Computer Lab: Ionic Bonds Go to http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/ lsps07_int_ionicbonding/ Read each screen and follow the directions where appropriate.
More informationNOTES: Unit 4: Bonding
Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Student Version NOTES: Unit 4: Bonding Name: 1. Ion 2. Positive/Negative ion 3. Stable Octet 4. Diatomic Molecules 5. Electronegativity 6. Ionic Bond 7. Covalent Bond
More informationChem101 - Lecture 4. Forces Between Particles
Chem101 - Lecture 4 Forces Between Particles Forces between Particles The chemical and physical properties of matter result from interactions that take place between their constituent particles, i.e. their
More informationCOVALENT COMPOUNDS. Back to Lewis Dot Structures and Valence Electrons!
COVALENT COMPOUNDS Back to Lewis Dot Structures and Valence Electrons! Review of Lewis Dot Structures Electron Dot Structures contain: Element s Symbol: representing the atom s nucleus and inner electrons
More informationChapter 8 Covalent Boding
Chapter 8 Covalent Boding Molecules & Molecular Compounds In nature, matter takes many forms. The noble gases exist as atoms. They are monatomic; monatomic they consist of single atoms. Hydrogen chloride
More informationChapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING COVALENT BONDS IONIC BONDS METALLIC BONDS
CHEMICAL BONDING COVALENT BONDS IONIC BONDS METALLIC BONDS Metallic Bonds How atoms are held together in solid metals. Metals hold onto their valence electrons very weakly. Think of them as positive ions
More informationUnit 9: CHEMICAL BONDING
Unit 9: CHEMICAL BONDING 1 Unit 9: Bonding: 1. Electronegativity 2. Intramolecular Bonding 3. Intermolecular Bonding 4. Drawing Lewis Structures 5. Lewis Structures for Polyatomic Ions 6. Exceptions to
More informationUnit 9: CHEMICAL BONDING
Unit 9: CHEMICAL BONDING 1 Unit 9: Bonding: 1. Electronegativity 2. Intramolecular Bonding 3. Intermolecular Bonding 4. Drawing Lewis Structures 5. Lewis Structures for Polyatomic Ions 6. Exceptions to
More informationCHEM 101: CHAPTER 11: CHEMICAL BONDS: THE FORMATION OF COMPOUNDS FROM ATOMS
1 CHEM 101: CHAPTER 11: CHEMICAL BONDS: THE FORMATION OF COMPOUNDS FROM ATOMS PERIODIC TRENDS: See pages 214-216, 221 Table 11.3, and 227 + 228 of text. Lewis Structures of Atoms: The Lewis Dot Diagram
More informationIonic and Covalent Compounds: Structures and Properties Examples of Lewis Dot Structures for the Representative Elements
Ionic and Covalent Compounds: Structures and Properties Examples of Lewis Dot Structures for the Representative Elements Chemical bond: Attractive force between 2 atoms in a compound Lewis Dot Structure:
More informationChemical Bonds CH. 18: PG
Chemical Bonds CH. 18: PG. 552-571 Today s Learning Objectives How does a compound differ from the elements that make it up? What is a chemical bond? Know how to determine the number of valence electrons
More informationELECTRONS. Construct your own electron dot diagram Choose one element & drag the correct number of VALENCE Br electrons around it.
Ch. 6 - Chemical Bonds Chemical reactivity depends on electron configuration. Remember the Stable Octet rule: when the highest energy level occupied is filled with electrons (8 electrons for most atoms),
More informationFormula Writing. (nonmetals) METALS. oxidation number-number assigned to keep track of electron gain or loss. lose electron. gain electron anion
Formula Writing oxidation number-number assigned to keep track of electron gain or loss lose electron + cation METALS - gain electron anion (nonmetals) cation is written first anion is second positive
More informationUnit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Unit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical bond - A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together 6-1 Introduction
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonding
1. Define the following terms: a) valence electrons Ionic and Covalent Bonding the electrons in the highest occupied energy level always electrons in the s and p orbitals maximum of 8 valence electrons
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Chapter 12 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer shell (highest energy level) of an atom. A chemical bond is a mutual
More informationNoble Gas Configuration What they noticed is that all the noble gases have the same number of electrons in their valence shell.
Chem101 - Lecture 4 Forces Between Particles Forces between Particles The chemical and physical properties of matter result from interactions that take place between their constituent particles, i.e. their
More informationIntramolecular Bonding. Chapters 4, 12 Chemistry Mr. McKenzie
Intramolecular Bonding Chapters 4, 12 Chemistry Mr. McKenzie What determines the type of intramolecular bond? An intramolecular bond is any force that holds two atoms together to form a compound; 3 types
More informationChapter 11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms Advanced Chemistry Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties Learning Objective
Chapter 11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms Advanced Chemistry 11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties Discuss the atomic trends Metals are located on the left side of the periodic
More information***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.*****
CHEMICAL BONDING ***Occurs when atoms of elements combine together to form compounds.***** Formation of compounds involve adjustments in the position of one or more valence electrons. PE is lower in bonded
More informationEx. 1) F F bond in F = 0 < % covalent, no transfer of electrons
#60 Notes Unit 8: Bonding Ch. Bonding I. Bond Character Bonds are usually combinations of ionic and covalent character. The electronegativity difference is used to determine a bond s character. Electronegativity
More informationC H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH
C H E M 1 CHEM 101-GENERAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 0 1 INSTR : FİLİZ ALSHANABLEH CHAPTER 7 CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE The Ionic Bond Formation of Ions The
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Concept Recall that an atom has core and valence electrons. Core electrons are found close to the nucleus. Valence electrons are found in the most distant s and
More informationMolecular Compounds Compounds that are bonded covalently (like in water, or carbon dioxide) are called molecular compounds
Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding Section 1: Molecular Compounds Bonds are Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Two types: Ionic bonds transfer of electrons (gained or
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationNAME: DATE: CLASS: Chapter Metallic Bonding
Chapter 7 7.3 Metallic Bonding Ionic & Metallic Bonding 1. LESSON REVIEW Use the diagram of metallic bonding to answer the following questions. 1. What is the name of the model of metallic bonding that
More informationUnit 4: Chemical Bonds. Chapter 7-9
Unit 4: Chemical Bonds Chapter 7-9 Objectives 26 Identify the number of valence electrons for elements and their Lewis dot structure 27 Define the terms cation and anion including radius size and charge
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationChapter 6. The Chemical Bond
Chapter 6 The Chemical Bond Some questions Why do noble gases rarely bond to other elements? How does this relate to why the atoms of other elements do form bonds? Why do certain elements combine to form
More informationBrainteaser 10/29/12. Answers
Brainteaser 10/29/12 Name these ionic compounds: NH 4 Br Fe(SO 4 ) Write the correct formula of these ionic compounds Manganese (II) perchlorate Sodium nitrate Cesium iodide Answers Name these ionic compounds:
More informationbond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction
bond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction ionic compound- a metal reacts with a nonmetal Ionic bonds form when an atom that
More informationChapter 4 Lecture Outline. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 4 Lecture Outline 1 Copyright McGraw-ill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4.1 Introduction to Covalent Bonding Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between
More informationChemical Bonding Chapter 8
Chemical Bonding Chapter 8 Get your Clicker, 2 magnets, goggles and your handouts Nov 15 6:15 PM Recall that: Ionic-Involves the transfer of electrons - forms between a metal and a nonmetal Covalent-Involves
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationName Date Class. covalent bond molecule sigma bond exothermic pi bond
Date Class 8 Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond In your textbook, read about the nature of covalent bonds. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. covalent bond molecule
More informationChemistry 101 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding
Chemistry 101 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Octet rule-duet role: when undergoing chemical reaction, atoms of group 1A-7A elements tend to gain, lose, or share sufficient electrons to achieve an electron
More informationReview Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214
Review Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214 Title: Jan 5 8:43 AM (1 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:18 AM (2 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:22 AM (3 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:26 AM (4 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:28 AM (5
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationDo Now. On the piece of paper, indicate whether the following characteristics are associated with ionic or covalent compounds
11/3 Do Now On the piece of paper, indicate whether the following characteristics are associated with ionic or covalent compounds 1. Electrical conductivity in aqueous solution 2. Relatively low melting
More informationChemistry Chapter 6 Test Review
Chemistry Chapter 6 Test Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons
More informationBonding: Part Two. Three types of bonds: Ionic Bond. transfer valence e - Metallic bond. (NaCl) (Fe) mobile valence e - Covalent bond
Bonding: Part Two Three types of bonds: Ionic Bond transfer valence e - Metallic bond mobile valence e - Covalent bond (NaCl) (Fe) shared valence e - (H 2 O) 1 Single Covalent Bond H + H H H H-atoms H
More informationAdapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction
Adapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction A chemical bond is an intramolecular (within the molecule) force holding two or more atoms together. Covalent
More informationCovalent Bonding. Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit
Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.2 Naming Molecules Section 8.3 Molecular Structures Section 8.4 Molecular Shapes Section 8.5 Electronegativity and Polarity Click a hyperlink or
More informationBonding: Part Two. Three types of bonds: Ionic Bond. transfer valence e - Metallic bond. (NaCl) (Fe) mobile valence e - Covalent bond
Bonding: Part Two Three types of bonds: Ionic Bond transfer valence e - Metallic bond mobile valence e - Covalent bond (NaCl) (Fe) shared valence e - (H 2 O) 1 Single Covalent Bond H + H H H H-atoms H
More informationClass Period. 4. What distinguishes a polar covalent bond from a nonpolar covalent bond?
Cut along dotted line. Name Assignment #1 Chemical Bonding (Predicting Bond Types) 1. What is a chemical bond? 2. Why do atoms form chemical bonds? 3. What distinguishes an ionic bond from a covalent bond?
More informationCore v Valence Electrons
Bonding Core v Valence Electrons The core electrons (represented by the noble gas from the previous row) are those electrons held within the atom. These electrons are not involved in the bonding, but contribute
More informationBonding. Honors Chemistry Unit 6
Bonding Honors Chemistry Unit 6 Bond Types Ionic: transfer of electrons Covalent: sharing electron pair(s) Metallic: delocalized electrons Predicting Bonds Based on electronegativity difference (look at
More informationCHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions
CHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions 1D 1 has a triple bond. 2 has a double bond. 3 and 4 have single bonds. The stronger the bond, the shorter the length. 2A A 1:1 ratio means there must be the
More informationChapter 6 PRETEST: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 PRETEST: Chemical In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.The charge on an ion is a. always positive.
More informationUNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS
UNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS A. Definition: B. Bonds form from the attraction between 1., or 2.. C. REVIEW 1. What part of the atom is involved in bonding? 2. Atoms bond to. What makes an atom stable?!
More informationIonic Bonds Covalent Bonds Metallic Bonds
Unit 5 Bonding Types of Bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Metallic Bonds -Usually between a metal and a nonmetal -Electrolytes only when dissolved in water (aqueous) or melted as a liquid, NOT as a SOLID!
More informationName AP CHEM / / Chapter 8 Outline Bonding: General Concepts
Name AP CHEM / / Chapter 8 Outline Bonding: General Concepts Types of Chemical Bonds Information about the strength of a bonding interaction is obtained by measuring the bond energy, which is the energy
More information