Unit 3: Physical Science Seedlings in a Jar

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1 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Seedlings in a Jar Name Period Introduction: Systems Analysis with seeds Today we will create a closed jar containing 5 bean seeds, air, and a moist paper towel. Nothing can get in or out of the jar. The total mass of the jar and its contents will be determined at the beginning of the experiment (initial mass, m i). We will also create an open jar with the same contents, but the lid will remain open. After 12 days, we will measure the final mass (m f) of each jar. After 12 days, we will measure the final mass (m f) of each jar. Instructions: Please answer the following in CQC sentences. Initial Predictions 1. Predict/Describe (be specific) what you think will happen to the mass of the jar after 12 days. a. Closed Jar: b. Open Jar: 2. Tell why you made the predictions in # 1. Final Conclusions 3. Were your initial predictions accepted or rejected? Describe what happened in EACH jar. a. Closed: My initial prediction was b. Open: My initial prediction was

2 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Seedings in a Jar

3 Purpose: To know what matter is made up of and describe the characteristics of elements. Notes: Definitions: Atom the smallest unit of matter with a unique identity Nucleus the central core of an atom containing the protons and neutrons. This makes up most of an atom s mass. Proton found in the nucleus (middle) of an atom. The number of protons will determine what element an atom is. The number of protons determines the atomic number of the element. Positive charge. Neutron found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutral charge. This is a Molecule of Hydrogen (above) It is a molecule because it is made up of two or more atoms. Can also be considered an element because the molecule is made up of only one type of atom. One can see the two Hydrogen atoms are sharing electrons. This is called Bonding. Electron negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus. Element an atom with a certain number of protons; an element can also be the same type of atom bonded together; examples are Hydrogen gas (H 2) and Nitrogen gas (N 2). Molecule more than one atom bonded together; these can be elemental molecules or compounds Compounds two or more different atoms bonded together; examples are table salt (NaCl) and water (H 2O)

4 Instructions: Use the periodic table on the next page, and the key below, to help you identify the following characteristics of different elements in Data Table 1. element name chemical symbol number of protons atomic number atomic weight Reading the Periodic Table: Have you ever wondered what the periodic table actually tells you? Below is a guide to reading and understanding the periodic table. Data Table 1. Characteristics of Elements Element Name Chemical Symbol Number of Protons Atomic Number Atomic Weight Nitrogen P Ne Pick your own! Pick your own!

5

6 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science Evidence for Atoms Name Period Purpose: 1. To know what matter is made up of and describe the characteristics of elements. 2. To describe a physical and chemical property and explain what a physical and chemical change is. Background: The idea of atoms is very old. It goes back to the ancient Greeks. About 2,400 years ago, Democritus suggested that atoms could explain all of nature. It is said that one day he crumbled dirt in his fingers. He observed that the grains of soil could be powdered and each grain of powder could become smaller and smaller. He reasoned that there must be a stopping point where a particle cannot be broken down any further. He named this particle the atom. Today, the atomic theory the idea that matter consists of small particles called atoms is accepted. We no longer question the existence of atoms. But we still search for evidence of atoms and a better understanding of what they are like. Notes: Tell the four characteristics of matter Define the following terms. physical property: chemical property: physical change: chemical change: Circle each physical property and underline each chemical property below. color solubility taste texture ph smell flammability melting point toxicity mass reactivity boiling point Circle whether each statement is a physical change or chemical change. Snow melting in the Sun. physical change chemical change Baking cookies. physical change chemical change Crushing ice to make snow cone. physical change chemical change A plant using NPK to grow. physical change chemical change

7 Procedure: Wear an apron and safety goggles at all times. 1. Follow the instructions at each station. 2. Record your observations in Data Table 1 below. 3. Determine the evidence for atoms demonstrated using the separate evidence sheet and record the number in the column labeled Evidence for Atoms. 4. Identify each station as a physical change, chemical change, or neither. 5. Rotate through each station when directed. Data Table 1. Evidence for Atoms Station # Observations Evidence for Atoms (Number) Physical Change, Physical Change of State, Chemical Change or No change?

8 Science 7 Unit 3: Physical Science States of Matter Name Period Figure 1 Systems Analysis of Evidence for Atoms for Stations 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, & 7 Station 1 Ice During Station 1 Water During Station 2 Cork and water start Station 2 Cork and water end Station 4 Mystery powder & water during Station 4 Mystery powder final

9 Figure 1 (Continued) Systems Analysis of Evidence for Atoms Stations 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, & 7 Station 5 Trial A - Perfume / Vanilla Station 5 Trial B - Perfume / Vanilla Station 6 - Pressure Pumper Before & After Station 6 Vacuvin Before & After Station 7 Baking Soda & Vinegar Before Station 7 Baking Soda & Vinegar During

10 Purpose: I can visualize how solids, liquids, and gases behave in a container and describe the properties of each state of matter. Notes: Draw the correct spacing of particles found in each state of matter. Also, indicate the temperature (energy) within each state of matter on the thermometers below. Solid Liquid Gas Additional notes: Instructions: Use Figure 1 to help you answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Tell the five different states of matter that can be found in the known universe Explain how you would change the state of a gas into a liquid AND then the liquid into a solid. gas liquid: liquid solid: 3. The word particles is used a lot in descriptions of the states of matter. Tell what this word means when used in Figure 1.

11 4. Which state of matter has particles that are the farthest apart? Explain. 5. The letters V (vibration), R (rotation), and T (translation) are used to describe the movement atoms and molecules can make. Explain how these three movements relate to the energy within matter. (*HINT: VRT movement has a direct relationship to the amount of energy that matter has). 6. Describe the two major types of energy. Give at least two examples of each. 7. Rank the following characteristics from highest to lowest for each state of matter, with one (1) being the lowest and five (5) being the highest. Start with Energy Data Table 1. Summary of selected characteristics for the five types of matter. Characteristic Plasma Gas Liquid Solid Bose Einstein Condensate Energy Particle movement (VRT) Particle spacing

12 Figure 1. States of Matter Unit 3 - Decoding the Periodic Table

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