Return Exam 3 Review for final exam: kinetics, equilibrium, acid-base
|
|
- Maurice Cole
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chem 106 Thurs Return Exam 3 Review for final exam: kinetics, equilibrium, acid-base Hour Ex 3; Ave=64, Hi=94 5/5/2011 1
2 ACS Final exam question types Topic # Calcul n Qualitative Intermol forces Solids Kinetics Equilibrium Acid-base Aqueous solution Free Ener/Entropy Electrochemistry Nuclear Other /5/2011 2
3 Kinetics 1) Obtaining rate law from initial rate data 2) Using integrated rate equations (these are given) 3) Using the Arrhenius equation (this is given) 4) including definitions of activation energy 5) Chemical mechanisms, intermediates, catalysts 5/5/2011 3
4 Concentration (mol/liter) R P The rate of the reaction (moles per liter per min) rate r Change in product concentration per unit time P t x Δ[P] Δt x Δ[P] Rate can be defined as (1) Average rate over some time interval Δt or (2) Instantaneous rate at some time = slope of a tangent 2/22/ Δt Time This one is the initial rate, which is the slope right at time = 0. 4
5 There are many known rate laws. We will study only THREE: zero order rate = k*r+ 0 =k first order rate = k[r] 1 second order rate = k*r+ 2 With more complex stoichiometry, any of these might apply, given the weird things that can happen in chemistry! For example,for: A + B C + D These are known for different A,B,C,D: Rate = k Rate = k[b] 1 +1 = 2 Rate = k[b] 2 Rate = k[a][b] Rate =.. Rate =. The kinetic order = SUM of exponents of concentration factors in the Rate Law. 2/22/2011 5
6 Rate = k [NO 2 ] 1 [F 2 ] e Homework: Determining the Rate Equation - Initial Rates Rate = k [NO 2 ] x [F 2 ] y x1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x1 x 2 rate k [ NO rate k [ NO ][ F ] k k x 10 4 ][ F 4 2 ] x 10 M s M M M s 1 2/22/2011 6
7 Summary of kinetic orders for Chem 106 Order Rate = -d[r]/dt = Integrated rate law (linear form) y = mx + b Alternate form Zero k [R] = -kt + [R] o First k[r] ln[r] = -kt + ln[r] o Second k[r] 2 2/24/2011 7
8 Intermediate. Product of 1 st step Reactant in 2 nd step Cancels out when you add 1st and 2nd steps (example C + reaction) Catalyst. Reactant in 1 st step Product of 2 nd step Cancels out when add 1 st and 2 nd steps (example H + reaction) 2/24/2011 8
9 Equilibrium -Is reaction at equilibrium? ( Q vs K) -Properly treat liquids and solids -K p vs K c -Calculate concentrations after equilibrium reached (ICE table) -Use Le Chatelier s principle to predict shifts in equilibrium with adding or removing reactants/products, changing pressure, or temperature. 5/5/2011 9
10 CH 2 Cl 2 (g) CH 4 (g) + CCl 4 (g) Initial (M) Change (M) Equilibrium (M) -2x +x +x x +x +x K c K c products reactants [ CH 4 ][ CCl [ CH Cl ] x ( x ) 2 2 ] 2 2 x ( x ) x x x /3/
11 Consider the following system at equilibrium, 2 NO(g) + Br 2 (g) 2 NOBr(g) If the volume of the system was suddenly increased, how would the system respond to re-establish equilibrium? 1. React forward, increasing [Br 2 ] 2. React forward, decreasing [Br 2 ] 3. React reverse direction, increasing [Br 2 ] 4. React reverse direction, decreasing [Br 2 ] /3/
12 Rule of thumb For an endothermic reaction, if T increases, remove heat by increasing K (makes more product) if T decreases, add heat by decreasing K For an exothermic reaction, if T increases, remove heat by decreasing K if T decreases, add heat by increasing K. 3/3/
13 Acid-Base -Ion product of water Kw -define ph and poh -Ionization constants K a for acid; K b for base (hydrolysis) -Remember the strong acids -Calculate ph from weak acid or base using ICE table 5/5/
14 AUTOIONIZATION = pure water reacting with itself to a small extent. H 2 O(l) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + HO - (aq) [H 3 O + ] = [HO - ] = 1.00 x 10-7 M (experimentally determined) To preserve electric neutrality, these must be equal concentrations. The equilibrium constant for autoionization is K w, also called the ION PRODUCT of water. products [H 3 O ][OH ] K w [H 3 O reactants 1 K w = (1.0 x 10-7 ) 2 = 1.00 x ][OH ] [H 2 O] (l) = 1 because it is the bulk solvent phase. [H 2 O] is essentially constant at 55 M. 3/8/
15 A common way to express acidity (and basicity) is with ph Define: ph = - log [H 3 O + ] (= - log 10 [H 3 O + ]) In a neutral solution, [H 3 O + ] = 1.00 x 10-7 at 25 o C ph = -log (1.00 x 10-7 ) = - (-7.000) = /8/
16 In general Other p Scales px = -log 10 X and so poh = - log [OH - ] K w = [H 3 O + ] [OH - ] = 1.00 x at 25 o C Take the -log of both sides -log (10-14 ) = - log [H 3 O + ] + (-log [OH - ]) pk w = 14 = ph + poh 3/8/
17 Acid dissociation constant K a acetic acid, CH 3 CO 2 H (HOAc) HOAc(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + OAc - (aq) Acid Conj. Base (acetate ion) K a = [ H 3 O + ] [ O A c - ] [ H O A c ] = 1. 8 x /8/
18 Acids K a Conjugate Bases Increase acid strength Increase base strength 3/8/
19 Strong acids ionize completely in water: HCl(aq) + H 2 O (l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Weak acids ionize partially in water: HF(aq) + H 2 O (l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Strong acids you should know HCl, HBr, HI HNO 3 HClO 4 H 2 SO 4 3/8/
20 Strong bases ionize completely in water: NaOH(aq) Na + (aq) + HO - (aq) Weak bases ionize partially in water: F - (aq) + H 2 O (l) HF(aq) + HO - (aq) Strong bases you should know Group I Group II LiOH NaOH KOH Ca(OH) 2 (s) slightly soluble Sr(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 3/8/
21 Types of Acid/Base Reactions 1. Strong Acid + Strong Base ----> Water + salt.. ph = Neutral Example: HCl + NaOH ----> H 2 O + NaCl Net Ionic Equation: H 3 O + + OH- ----> 2 H 2 O Weak Acid + Strong Base ----> Water + weak base... ph = Basic Example: HF + NaOH ----> H 2 O + NaF Net Ionic Equation: HF + OH > H 2 O + F - (Conjugate base of a weak acid = Basic.) Strong Acid + Weak Base ----> Water + Weak Acid... ph = Acidic Example: HCl + F > HF Net Ionic Equation: H 3 O + + F > HF + H 2 O (Conjugate acid of a weak base = Acidic.) Weak Acid + Weak Base ----> Weak Acid + Weak Base.. Net Ionic Equ: HCN + F > HF + CN - ( ph depends on K a s ) /10/
22 A M solution of hydrogen cyanate HOCN has a ph = What is K a for HOCN? [H 3 O + ] = = M HOCN + H 2 O H 3 O+ + OCN - I C M M M E M M M = 3.56 x /10/
23 Other Aqueous Equilibria - Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and buffers - Solubility Product, K sp 5/5/
24 Definition A buffer is an aqueous solution containing a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). The function of a buffer is to absorb H + or OH - ions, minimizing the change in ph that might otherwise occur. HA + H 2 O A - + H 3 O + B + H 2 O BH + + OH - (Notice that either equilibrium can absorb H + or OH - ions) 3/22/
25 Logic of the H-H equation ph pk a [ A ] log [ HA ] Please remember this equation and know how to use it. Say 1/5 [A - ], 4/5 [HA] Then log(1/4) = ph = pk a Say [A - ] = [HA] Then log(1) = 0 ph = pk a + 0 = pk a Say 2/3 [A - ] and 1/3 [HA] Then log(2/1) = 0.30 ph = pk a or [H 3 O + ] > K a or [H 3 O + ] = K a or [H 3 O + ] < K a 3/22/
26 Say you prepared a buffer using equal moles of sodium nitrite NaNO 2 and nitrous acid HNO 2 (K a = 3.2 x 10-4 ). What is the ph of the resulting solution? (Try using pencil and paper, and not a calculator ) ph = pk a + log(a-/ha) = pk a ph = -log(3.2 x 10-4 ) ph = -[log3.2 + log(10-4 )] ph = -(~0.5-4) ph = -(-3.5) = 3.5 3/22/
27 ph Titrating a weak acid (1.0 M, K a = 1 x 10-6 ) with strong base NaOH HA + OH - A - + H 2 O 14 Acid 2 ph of NaOH solutions buffer of weak acid & its conjugate base ph of conjugate base ph of weak acid *weak acid+=*conjugate base+ ph = pk a Mol OH-/mol HA titration equivalence pt 3/22/
Chem Chapter 18: Sect 1-3 Common Ion Effect; Buffers ; Acid-Base Titrations Sect 4-5 Ionic solubility Sect 6-7 Complex Formation
Chem 106 3--011 Chapter 18: Sect 1-3 Common Ion Effect; Buffers ; Acid-Base Titrations Sect 4-5 Ionic solubility Sect 6-7 Complex Formation 3//011 1 The net ionic equation for the reaction of KOH(aq) and
More informationChem 105 Tuesday March 8, Chapter 17. Acids and Bases
Chem 105 Tuesday March 8, 2011 Chapter 17. Acids and Bases 1) Define Brønsted Acid and Brønsted Base 2) Proton (H + ) transfer reactions: conjugate acid-base pairs 3) Water and other amphiprotic substances
More informationChem 106 Thursday, March 10, Chapter 17 Acids and Bases
Chem 106 Thursday, March 10, 2011 Chapter 17 Acids and Bases K a and acid strength Acid + base reactions: Four types (s +s, s + w, w + s, and w + w) Determining K from concentrations and ph ph of aqueous
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria (Chapter 10.) Problems: 2,3,6,13,16,18,21,30,31,33
Acid-Base Equilibria (Chapter 10.) Problems: 2,3,6,13,16,18,21,30,31,33 Review acid-base theory and titrations. For all titrations, at the equivalence point, the two reactants have completely reacted with
More informationChapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 10 Acids, Bases, and Salts Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory Mono-, di- and tri-protic acids Strengths of acids and
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases Separately Chapter 14 Part I
Page III-14a-1 / Chapter Fourteen Part I Lecture Notes The Chemistry of Acids and Bases Separately Chapter 14 Part I Strong and Weak Acids/Bases Generally divide acids and bases into STRONG or WEAK categories.
More informationAcids, Bases, and ph. ACIDS, BASES, & ph
I. Arrhenius Acids and Bases ACIDS, BASES, & ph Acid any substance which delivers hydrogen ion (H + ) _ to the solution. Base any substance which delivers hydroxide ion (OH ) to the solution. II ph ph
More informationChapter 14 Acid- Base Equilibria Study Guide
Chapter 14 Acid- Base Equilibria Study Guide This chapter will illustrate the chemistry of acid- base reactions and equilibria, and provide you with tools for quantifying the concentrations of acids and
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which one of the following is the weakest acid? 1) A) HF (Ka = 6.8 10-4) B) HNO2 (Ka
More informationThe ph of aqueous salt solutions
The ph of aqueous salt solutions Sometimes (most times), the salt of an acid-base neutralization reaction can influence the acid/base properties of water. NaCl dissolved in water: ph = 7 NaC 2 H 3 O 2
More information*In every acid-base reaction, equilibrium favors transfer of a proton from the stronger acid to the stronger base.
16.2 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that can transfer a proton to another substance. A base is a substance that can accept a proton. A proton is a hydrogen ion, H +. Proton transfer
More informationph + poh = 14 G = G (products) G (reactants) G = H T S (T in Kelvin)
JASPERSE CHEM 210 PRACTICE TEST 3 VERSION 2 Ch. 17: Additional Aqueous Equilibria Ch. 18: Thermodynamics: Directionality of Chemical Reactions Key Equations: For weak acids alone in water: [H + ] = K a
More informationAqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation)
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation) 1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes 2. Determining Moles of Ions in Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Compounds 3. Acids and Bases 4. Acid Strength
More informationLecture #11-Buffers and Titrations The Common Ion Effect
Lecture #11-Buffers and Titrations The Common Ion Effect The Common Ion Effect Shift in position of an equilibrium caused by the addition of an ion taking part in the reaction HA(aq) + H2O(l) A - (aq)
More informationUnit 2 Acids and Bases
Unit 2 Acids and Bases 1 Topics Properties / Operational Definitions Acid-Base Theories ph & poh calculations Equilibria (Kw, K a, K b ) Indicators Titrations STSE: Acids Around Us 2 Operational Definitions
More informationExam 2 Sections Covered: (the remaining Ch14 sections will be on Exam 3) Useful Information Provided on Exam 2:
Chem 101B Study Questions Name: Chapters 12,13,14 Review Tuesday 2/28/2017 Due on Exam Thursday 3/2/2017 (Exam 2 Date) This is a homework assignment. Please show your work for full credit. If you do work
More informationChapter 15. Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 15 Acid-Base Equilibria The Common Ion Effect The common-ion effect is the shift in an ionic equilibrium caused by the addition of a solute that provides an ion already involved in the equilibrium
More informationAcid-Base Titration Solution Key
Key CH3NH2(aq) H2O(l) CH3NH3 (aq) OH - (aq) Kb = 4.38 x 10-4 In aqueous solution of methylamine at 25 C, the hydroxide ion concentration is 1.50 x 10-3 M. In answering the following, assume that temperature
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product formation,
More informationHomework #7 Chapter 8 Applications of Aqueous Equilibrium
Homework #7 Chapter 8 Applications of Aqueous Equilibrium 15. solution: A solution that resists change in ph when a small amount of acid or base is added. solutions contain a weak acid and its conjugate
More informationAP Chapter 15 & 16: Acid-Base Equilibria Name
AP Chapter 15 & 16: Acid-Base Equilibria Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. AP Chapter 15 & 16: Acid-Base Equilibria 2 Warm-Ups (Show
More informationAcids and Bases Written Response
Acids and Bases Written Response January 1999 4. Consider the salt sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4. a) Write the dissociation equation for sodium oxalate. (1 mark) b) A 1.0M solution of sodium oxalate turns pink
More informationPart One: Pure Solutions of Weak Acids, Bases (water plus a single electrolyte solute)
CHAPTER 16: ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA Part One: Pure Solutions of Weak Acids, Bases (water plus a single electrolyte solute) A. Weak Monoprotic Acids. (Section 16.1) 1. Solution of Acetic Acid: 2. See Table
More informationCHEM 1412 Answers to Practice Problems Chapters 15, 16, & 17
CHEM 1412 Answers to Practice Problems Chapters 15, 16, & 17 1. Definitions can be found in the end-of-chapter reviews and in the glossary at the end of the textbook! 2. Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid Compound
More informationUnit 9: Acid and Base Multiple Choice Practice
Unit 9: Acid and Base Multiple Choice Practice Name June 14, 2017 1. Consider the following acidbase equilibrium: HCO3 H2O H2CO3 OH In the reaction above, the BrönstedLowry acids are: A. H2O and OH B.
More informationCh 15, Applications of Aq Equilibria
Ch 15, Applications of Aq Equilibria We will focus on 3 areas: 1) buffers (incl. Henderson-Hasselbalch Transformation) 2) titrations 3) solubility equilibria 1 I. Neutralization Reactions A. Strong acid-strong
More informationEXAM 3 REVIEW LBS 172 REACTION MECHANISMS
EXAM 3 REVIEW LBS 172 REACTION MECHANISMS GENERAL -Step by step process of bond making and breaking by which reactants become products -Summation of steps must be equal to overall reaction -Example: NO
More informationLecture 10. Professor Hicks Inorganic Chemistry II (CHE152) Scale of [H 3 O + ] (or you could say [H + ]) concentration
Lecture 10 Professor Hicks Inorganic Chemistry II (CHE152) ph Scale of [H 3 O + ] (or you could say [H + ]) concentration More convenient than scientific notation ph = log [H 3 O + ] still not sure? take
More informationChapter 15 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
Neutralization: Strong Acid-Strong Base Chapter 15 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria Molecular: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) SA-SB rxn goes to completion (one-way ) Write ionic and net ionic
More information-a base contains an OH group and ionizes in solutions to produce OH - ions: Neutralization: Hydrogen ions (H + ) in solution form
NOTES Acids, Bases & Salts Arrhenius Theory of Acids & Bases: an acid contains hydrogen and ionizes in solutions to produce H+ ions: a base contains an OH group and ionizes in solutions to produce OH ions:
More informationCHEM Dr. Babb s Sections Exam #3 Review Sheet
CHEM 116 Dr. Babb s Sections Exam #3 Review Sheet Acid/Base Theories and Conjugate AcidBase Pairs 111. Define the following terms: Arrhenius acid, Arrhenius base, Lewis acid, Lewis base, BronstedLowry
More informationph + poh = 14 G = G (products) G (reactants) G = H T S (T in Kelvin) 1. Which of the following combinations would provide buffer solutions?
JASPERSE CHEM 210 PRACTICE TEST 3 VERSION 3 Ch. 17: Additional Aqueous Equilibria Ch. 18: Thermodynamics: Directionality of Chemical Reactions Key Equations: For weak acids alone in water: [H + ] = K a
More informationRepresentative Exam Questions On The Topic of Equilibrium (Includes Acid / Base Equilibria)
Representative Exam Questions On The Topic of Equilibrium (Includes Acid / Base Equilibria) 1. If a chemical equilibrium very much favors the products over the reactants, what would we expect its equilibrium
More informationChapter 10. Acids and Bases
Chapter 10 Acids and Bases 1 Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Aqueous acidic solutions have the following properties: 1. They have a sour taste.. They change the colors of many indicators.
More informationDynamic equilibrium: rate of evaporation = rate of condensation II. In a closed system a solid obtains a dynamic equilibrium with its dissolved state
CHEMISTRY 111 LECTURE EXAM III Material PART 1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 14 I Dynamic Equilibrium I. In a closed system a liquid obtains a dynamic equilibrium with its vapor state Dynamic equilibrium:
More informationChemistry 12 Provincial Exam Workbook Unit 04: Acid Base Equilibria. Multiple Choice Questions
R. Janssen, MSEC Chemistry 1 Provincial Workbook (Unit 0), P. 1 / 69 Chemistry 1 Provincial Exam Workbook Unit 0: Acid Base Equilibria Multiple Choice Questions 1. Calculate the volume of 0.00 M HNO needed
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are reversible, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product
More informationExam 2 Sections Covered: 14.6, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11, Useful Info to be provided on exam: K K [A ] [HA] [A ] [B] [BH ] [H ]=
Chem 101B Study Questions Name: Chapters 14,15,16 Review Tuesday 3/21/2017 Due on Exam Thursday 3/23/2017 (Exam 3 Date) This is a homework assignment. Please show your work for full credit. If you do work
More informationChapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Part A)
Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Part A) Often, there are many equilibria going on in an aqueous solution. So, we must determine the dominant equilibrium (i.e. the equilibrium reaction
More informationExperiment Initial [A] Initial [B] Initial Rate form. C M 0.10 M 4.0 x 10-4 M/min
Unit 1: Kinetics and Equilibrium ANSWER KEY Chem 1B Kinetics Name 1. What factors affect rates? Give examples of each. 1. Nature of the reactants- physical state, surface area-examples Li, Na, K react
More informationFormation of a salt (ionic compound): Neutralization reaction. molecular. Full ionic. Eliminate spect ions to yield net ionic
Formation of a salt (ionic compound): Neutralization reaction molecular Full ionic Eliminate spect ions to yield net ionic Hydrolysis/ reaction with water Anions of Weak Acids Consider the weak acid HF
More informationph calculations MUDr. Jan Pláteník, PhD Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases Acid is a proton donor Base is a proton acceptor
ph calculations MUDr. Jan Pláteník, PhD Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases Acid is a proton donor Base is a proton acceptor HCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Acid Base Conjugate acid Conjugate
More informationCh. 17 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers and Titrations
Ch. 17 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers and Titrations Sec 1 The Common-Ion Effect: The dissociation of a weak electrolyte decreases when a strong electrolyte that has an ion in common with
More informationPractice test Chapters 15 and 16: Acids and Bases
Name: Class: Date: Practice test Chapters 15 and 16: Acids and Bases 1. Which of the following pairs of species is not a conjugate acid base pair? A) HOCl, OCl B) HNO 2, NO + 2 C) O 2, OH D) HSO 4, SO
More informationChem1120pretest2Summeri2015
Chem1120pretest2Summeri2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium, a. the forward reaction has
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Chapter 15 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Generally, an acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water. Blue litmus is used to test for acids. Blue litmus
More informationAdvanced Placement Chemistry Chapters Syllabus
As you work through the chapter, you should be able to: Advanced Placement Chemistry Chapters 14 16 Syllabus Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 1. Describe acid and bases using the Bronsted-Lowry, Arrhenius, and
More informationChem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 11 Titration
Chem 116 POGIL Worksheet - Week 11 Titration Why? Titration is the addition of a standard solution of precisely known concentration (the titrant) to a precisely measured volume of a solution with unknown
More informationSolutions are aqueous and the temperature is 25 C unless stated otherwise.
Solutions are aqueous and the temperature is 25 C unless stated otherwise. 1. According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that produces ions in aqueous solution. A. H C. OH B. H + D.
More informationCreate assignment, 48975, Exam 2, Apr 05 at 9:07 am 1
Create assignment, 48975, Exam 2, Apr 05 at 9:07 am 1 This print-out should have 30 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before making your selection.
More informationEquations. M = n/v. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14
Equations M = n/v M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14 [H 3 O + ] = 10^-pH [OH - ] = 10^-pOH [H 3 O + ] [OH
More informationChapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Chapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations There are 5 main properties of acids: 1. sour taste 2. change the color of acidbase indicators 3. react with metals to produce H2 gas
More informationEXAM 2 PRACTICE KEY. Leaders: Deborah Course: CHEM 178
Leaders: Deborah Course: CHEM 178 EXAM 2 PRACTICE KEY Instructor: Bonaccorsi/Vela Date: 3/6/18 Make sure you (also) know: Acid-base definitions Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis Autoionization process of
More informationAcid-Base Solutions - Applications
Acid-Base Solutions - Applications 1 The Common Ion Effect Consider the equilibrium established when acetic acid, HC 2 H 3 O 2, is added to water. CH 3 COOH(aq) + H 2 O(l) CH 3 COO - (aq) + H 3 O + (aq)
More informationAcids And Bases. H + (aq) + Cl (aq) ARRHENIUS THEORY
Acids And Bases A. Characteristics of Acids and Bases 1. Acids and bases are both ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. Since acids and bases both form ionic solutions, their solutions conduct electricity
More informationChapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Part A)
Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Part A) What is a dominant equilibrium? How do we define major species? Reactions between acids and bases 1. Strong Acids + Strong Base The reaction
More informationCHM 152/154 HOUR EXAM II Diebolt Summer multiple choice 52 Parts II and III 73 Total Pts 125
CHM 152/154 HOUR EXAM II Diebolt Summer 2010 pts earned name pts possible multiple choice 52 Parts II and III 73 Total Pts 125 Part One: Multiple choice. Mark the correct answers on the provided scantron
More informationHomework #6 Chapter 7 Homework Acids and Bases
Homework #6 Chapter 7 Homework Acids and Bases 20. a) 2H 2O(l) H 3O (aq) OH (aq) K [H 3 O ][OH ] Or H 2O(l) H (aq) OH (aq) K [H ][OH ] b) HCN(aq) H 2O(l) H 3O (aq) CN (aq) K [H 3O ][CN ] [HCN] Or HCN(aq)
More informationChapter 15, Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
Chapter 15, Applications of Aqueous Equilibria We will focus on 3 areas: 1) titrations 2) buffers (incl. the Henderson- Hasselbalch Transformation), 3) solubility equilibria. 1 I. Neutralization Reactions
More informationPart One: Acid-Base Concepts. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) yellow
CHAPTER 15: ACIDS AND BASES Part One: Acid-Base Concepts A. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) 2. Change the colors of many
More informationACIDS AND BASES. HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid HCl(g) H + (aq) + Cl (aq) ARRHENIUS THEORY
ACIDS AND BASES A. CHARACTERISTICS OF ACIDS AND BASES 1. Acids and bases are both ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. Since acids and bases both form ionic solutions, their solutions conduct electricity
More informationName: Per: Date: Unit 11 - Acids, Bases and Salts Chemistry Accelerated Chemistry I Define each of the following: 1. Acidic hydrogens.
Name: Per: Date: Unit 11 - Acids, Bases and Salts Chemistry Accelerated Chemistry I Define each of the following: 1. Acidic hydrogens 2. Binary acids 3. Oxyacids 4. Carboxylic acid 5. Amines Name the following
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of 1 Acids and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acid and Bases 5 Strong and Weak Acids/Bases Generally divide acids and bases into STRONG or WEAK ones. STRONG ACID: HNO 3 (aq) +
More informationSemester 2 Midterm Review (Bluffer s Guide) *Adapted from Paul Groves [South Pasadena HS]
Semester 2 Midterm Review (Bluffer s Guide) *Adapted from Paul Groves [South Pasadena HS] Unit 5: Kinetics How to talk about Reaction Rate rate = Δ[chemical]/Δtime - Common Units: M/s, mol L - s rate of
More informationCHEM 102 Final Mock Exam
CHEM 102 Final Mock Exam 1. A system releases 300 J of heat and does 650 J of work on the surroundings. What is the change in internal energy of the system? a. -950 J b. 350 J c. 950 J d. -350 J 2. Which
More informationAP Chemistry. Chapter 4
AP Chemistry Chapter 4 1 Properties of Aqueous Solution Solutions Definition: Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) EVENLY distributed throughout another substance. Solutions have 2 parts: 1) Solvent the
More informationAcids and Bases. Feb 28 4:40 PM
Acids and Bases H O s O Cl H O O H H N H Na O H H Feb 28 4:40 PM Properties of Acids 1. Taste sour 2. Conduct electrical current 3. Liberate H 2 gas when reacted with a metal. 4. Cause certain dyes to
More informationConsider a normal weak acid equilibrium: Which direction will the reaction shift if more A is added? What happens to the % ionization of HA?
ch16blank Page 1 Chapter 16: Aqueous ionic equilibrium Topics in this chapter: 1. Buffers 2. Titrations and ph curves 3. Solubility equilibria Buffersresist changes to the ph of a solution. Consider a
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Solution Equilibria (17.1) Buffer Solutions (17.2) A Closer Look at Acid-Base
More informationCHAPTER 8: ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIUM
CHAPTER 8: ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIUM Already mentioned acid-base reactions in Chapter 6 when discussing reaction types. One way to define acids and bases is using the Brønsted-Lowry definitions. A Brønsted-Lowry
More informationChem1120pretest2Summeri2015
Name: Class: Date: Chem1120pretest2Summeri2015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium, a. the forward
More informationChapter 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria
Chapter 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria At equilibrium, the rate of a forward process or reaction and that of the reverse process are equal. 9A The chemical composition of aqueous solutions
More informationAcid-Base Character of Salt Solutions. Cations. Cations are potentially acidic, but some have no effect on ph.
Acid-Base Character of Salt Solutions The ph of a salt solution will depend on the acidbase nature of both the cation and anion. Cations Cations are potentially acidic, but some have no effect on ph. M(H
More informationChem1120pretest2Summeri2016
Chem1120pretest2Summeri2016 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When the system A + B C + D is at equilibrium, a. the forward reaction has
More informationLecture 12. Acid/base reactions. Equilibria in aqueous solutions.
Lecture 12 Acid/base reactions. Equilibria in aqueous solutions. Titrations Kotz 7 th ed. Section 18.3, pp.821-832. In a titration a solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added
More informationCHEM 1412 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Practice Exam II (Ch. 14, 15 & 16) Multiple Choices: Please select one best answer. Answer shown in bold.
CHEM 1412 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Practice Exam II (Ch. 14, 15 & 16) Multiple Choices: Please select one best answer. Answer shown in bold. 1. Consider the equilibrium: PO -3 4 (aq) + H 2 O (l) HPO 2-4 (aq)
More informationHOMEWORK 1C. (d) 2D + E 2F K eq = 1 x 10 9 I C E
HOMEWORK 1A 1. Write the correct equilibriumconstant expressions for the following reactions. (a) 4NH 3 (g) + 7O 2 (g) 4NO 2 (g) + 6H 2 O (g) (b) 2NO 2 (g) + 7H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g) + 4H 2 O (g) (c) NH 4 Cl
More informationCHEM 142 Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 15: Acid-Base Equilibria
CHEM 142 Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 15: AcidBase Equilibria A. Terminologies and Concepts 1. BronstedLowry definitions acids vs. bases; give examples 2. Amphoteric substances define and give examples 3.
More informationPractice Test - Chapter 13, 14, 15
Practice Test - Chapter 13, 14, 15 1. For which of the following values of the equilibrium constant does the reaction go the farthest to completion? a. 10 5 b. 10 3 c. 10 0 d. 10-3 e. 10-5 2. Carbon disulfide
More informationChemistry 400 Homework #3, Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria
Chemistry 400 Homework #3, Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria I. Multiple Choice (for those with an asterisk, you must show work) These multiple choice (MC) are not "Google-proof", but they were so good
More informationGeneral Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2
General Chemistry II CHM 1046 E Exam 2 Dr. Shanbhag Name: 1. The formation of ammonia from elemental nitrogen and hydrogen is an exothermic process. N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) 2 NH 3 (g) H= -92.2 kj Which of
More informationAcid-Base Chemistry. Key Considerations
Acid-Base Chemistry Varying Definitions, depends on context/application Arrhenius Acid Base Brönsted/Lowry Lewis 1 Key Considerations Autoprotolysis of Water Water is an amphiprotic substance: can behave
More informationCHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW
CHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW Prepared & Presented By: Marian Ayoub PART II Chapter Description 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids and Bases 16 Acid-Base Equilibrium 17 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibrium 19
More informationCHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES
CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES Topics Definition of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry Concept Dissociation constant of weak acids Acid strength Calculating ph for strong and weak acids and bases Polyprotic acids
More informationName. Practice Test 2 Chemistry 111
Name Practice Test 2 Chemistry 111 1) In the aqueous reaction of K 2 SO 4 (aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) BaSO 4 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq), which ions are the spectator ions? A) Ba 2+ 2- and SO 4 B) Ba 2+ and K + C) Ba
More informationSect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages
SCH 4UI Unit 4 Chemical Systems and Equilibrium Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium Sect 7.1 Chemical Systems in Balance HMWK: Read pages 420-424 *Some reactions are reversible, ie not all reactions are as
More informationX212F Which of the following is a weak base in aqueous solution? A) H 2 CO 3 B) B(OH) 3 C) N 2 H 4 D) LiOH E) Ba(OH) 2
PX212SP14 Practice Exam II / Spring 2014 1. Which of the following statements are characteristic of acids? 1. They are proton donors. 2. They react with bases to produce a salt and water. 3. They taste
More informationANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH 1E CH.8 - MONOPROTIC ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ARRHENIUS ACIDS AND BASES The most general definition for acids and bases was developed by Svante Arrhenius near the end of the 19 th century. According to him, the cation
More informationCHAPTER 13: ACIDS & BASES. Section Arrhenius Acid & Bases Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist ( ).
CHAPTER 13: ACIDS & BASES Section 13.1 Arrhenius Acid & Bases Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist (1839-1927). He understood that aqueous solutions of acids and bases conduct electricity (they are electrolytes).
More informationChapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined.
Molarity Chapter 4 Concentration of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Given the molarity and the moles
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction is to. A) increase the entropy change
More informationACIDS AND BASES CONTINUED
ACIDS AND BASES CONTINUED WHAT HAPPENS WHEN AN ACID DISSOLVED IN WATER? Water acts as a Brønsted Lowry base and abstracts a proton (H+) from the acid. As a result, the conjugate base of the acid and a
More informationChemical Equilibrium Chapter 6
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 6 "When a system is in chemical equilibrium, a change in one of the parameters of the equilibrium produces a shift in such a direction that, were no other factors involved
More informationChemistry 1A Fall 2013 MWF 9:30 Final Test Form A
Chemistry 1A Fall 2013 MWF 9:30 Final Test Form A 1. How many moles of P 4 molecules are in 141.4 g of phosphorus? A) 4.566 mol B) 1.752 x10 4 mol C) 1.141 mol D) 2.348 x 10 1 mol E) 1.414 x 10 1 mol 2.
More informationThe 5 th planet in our solar system, Jupiter. The Mass Action Expression describes a system undergoing a chemical change.
Unit 5 The 5 th planet in our solar system, Jupiter Ch. 15 Chemical equilibrium: This is based on the idea that reactions go forwards and backwards at the same conditions The Mass Action Expression describes
More informationKotz 7 th ed. Section 18.3, pp
Lecture 15 Acid/base reactions. Equilibria in aqueous solutions. Titrations Kotz 7 th ed. Section 18.3, pp.821-832. In a titration a solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually added
More informationTOTAL /103. March 26, 2003
March 26, 2003 Name Chemistry 122-051 Prof. Mines Exam 2-Practice (103 points) [Questions from exams in Spring 2003] [NOTE: I have stressed certain things this semester that I may not have stressed in
More informationAcids, Bases and Salts
(Hebden Unit 4 page 109 182) 182) We will cover the following topics: 1. Definition of Acids and Bases 2. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 2 1 Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases An acid is a substance
More informationChapter 14 Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases Chapter 14 Acids and Bases Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) First to develop a theory for acids and bases in aqueous solution Arrhenius Acids Compounds which dissolve (dissociate)
More informationACID-BASE REACTIONS. Titrations Acid-Base Titrations
Page III-b-1 / Chapter Fourteen Part II Lecture Notes ACID-BASE REACTIONS Chapter (Part II A Weak Acid + Strong Base Titration Titrations In this technique a known concentration of base (or acid is slowly
More information