Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter"

Transcription

1 Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter AP Chemistry Ms. Grobsky

2 Where We Have Been And Where We Are Going In the last few chapters, we saw that atoms can form stable units called molecules by sharing electrons Called intramolecular forces Occur within the molecule However, think back to gases... As we were introduced to ideal gases, we learned from KMT that ideal gases exhibit no attractions between colliding molecules BUT, WE KNOW THIS IS NOT TRUE IN THE REAL-WORLD

3 Non-Ideality and the Condensed States of Matter The same source of non-ideality for gases explains how liquids and solids form forces Occur between molecules

4 Let s Explore a Little Bit Chemical Cocktail

5 Importance of As the mini-lab has shown, differences in attractive forces present in a compound as a result of its structure is directly related to differences in its physical properties

6 Importance of More specifically, IMFs are directly related to properties such as MP, BP, and the energies to overcome the forces of attraction between particles in changes of state (ΔH fus and ΔH vap ) Determines solubility of gases, liquids and solids in various solvents Crucial in determining structure of biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins

7 Note - these attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions that hold compounds together

8 IMFs are generally referred to as van der Waals forces These forces exist over short-range distances (nm)

9 van der Waals van der Waals include: Dipole-dipole interactions London dispersion forces Hydrogen bonding Ion-dipole

10 What are Dipole-Dipole Interactions? Molecules that have permanent dipoles are attracted to each other The positive end of one is attracted to the negative end of the other and viceversa These forces are only important when the molecules are close to each other

11 Dipole-Dipole Interactions For molecules of about the same molecular weight, what can you conclude about the relationship between BP and molecular polarity? The more polar the molecule, the higher is its boiling point.

12 Another IMF London Dispersion While the electrons in the 1s orbital of helium would repel each other (and, therefore, tend to stay far away from each other), it does happen that they occasionally wind up on the same side of the atom

13 London Dispersion At that instant, then, the helium atom is polar, with an excess of electrons on the left side and a shortage on the right side An instantaneous dipole results

14 London Dispersion Another helium nearby, then, would have a dipole induced in it, as the electrons on the left side of helium atom 2 repel the electrons in the cloud on helium atom 1

15 London Dispersion London dispersion forces, or dispersion forces, are attractions between an instantaneous dipole and an induced dipole

16 London Dispersion These forces are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar The tendency of an electron cloud to distort in this way is called polarizability

17 Factors Affecting London From the above data, what can you conclude about the relationship between molecular weight and strength of London forces? Can you explain this relationship in terms of polarizability?

18 Factors Affecting London The strength of dispersion forces tends to increase with increased molecular weight Larger atoms have larger electron clouds, which are easier to polarize

19 Factors Affecting London What can you conclude about the relationship between molecular shape and the strength of London forces? Why do you think shape has this effect?

20 Factors Affecting London The shape of the molecule affects the strength of dispersion forces: long, skinny molecules (like n-pentane) tend to have stronger dispersion forces than short, fat ones (like neopentane) This is due to the increased surface area, such as in n- pentane

21 How Do We Explain This? BP of some simple hydrogen compounds The nonpolar series (SnH 4 to CH 4 ) follow the expected trend The polar series follows the trend from H 2 Te through H 2 S, but water is quite an anomaly

22 Hydrogen Bonding A Special Case of Dipole-Dipole IMF The dipole-dipole interactions experienced when H is bonded to N, O, or F are unusually strong Groups are highly polar; thus, the exposed H atom has almost a full +1 charge We call these interactions hydrogen bonds NOT covalent bonds!

23 Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonding arises in part from the high electronegativity of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine Also, when hydrogen is bonded to one of those very electronegative elements, the hydrogen nucleus is exposed

24 Ion-Dipole Interactions A fourth type of force, ion-dipole interactions are an important force in solutions of ions The strength of these forces are what make it possible for ionic substances to dissolve in polar solvents

25 Which IMF Has a Greater Effect?

26 Summarizing

27 Affect Many Physical Properties The strength of the attractions between particles can greatly affect the properties of a liquid or solution Some properties of liquids: Viscosity Surface tension Capillary action Heat of vaporization Vapor pressure Boiling point Critical temperature and pressure

28 Viscosity Resistance of a liquid to flow is called viscosity Stickiness when pouring) SI units are kg/m s Viscosity increases with stronger intermolecular forces and decreases with higher temperature

29 Surface Tension Surface tension results from the net inward force experienced by the molecules on the surface of a liquid It is the phenomenon that maintains the surface interface between liquid and gas The greater the IMF, the greater the surface tension Water has a much greater surface tension than acetone

30 Evaporation At any temperature, some molecules in a liquid have enough energy to escape As the temperature rises, the fraction of molecules that have enough energy to escape increases The greater the IMF, the less the evaporation rate

31 Vapor Pressure of a Liquid As more molecules escape the liquid, the pressure they exert as a gas increases The greater the IMF, the lower the vapor pressure The liquid and vapor eventually reach a state of dynamic equilibrium Liquid molecules evaporate and vapor molecules condense at the same rate This point in time is defined as a liquid s vapor pressure

32 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point If heat is added to this system, the IMFs present in the liquid will break, creating more gaseous molecules Eventually, the liquid s vapor pressure will equal the atmospheric pressure at a particular temperature Defined as the liquid s boiling point Normal boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid s vapor pressure is 760 torr (1 atm) The stronger the IMF, the higher the boiling point

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces Solutions and Intermolecular Forces REVIEW Chemical Bonds Three basic types of bonds: Ionic Electrostatic attraction between ions Covalent Sharing of electrons Metallic Metal atoms bonded to several other

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles

More information

Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids

Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids , Liquids, & Solids Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in

More information

Lecture Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten

Lecture Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Lecture 1101 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Molecular Comparison

More information

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Have studied INTRAmolecular forces the forces holding atoms together to form compounds. Now turn to forces between molecules INTERmolecular forces. Forces between molecules, between

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids State Volume Shape of State Density

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Surveying the Chapter: Page 442 Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids We begin with a brief comparison of solids, liquids, and gases from a molecular perspective, which reveals the important

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids 5/11/2011 Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Adapted by K. Kasatani from: John

More information

CHEMISTRY. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces Liquids and Solids

CHEMISTRY. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces Liquids and Solids CHEMISTRY The Central Science 8 th Edition Chapter 11 Liquids and Solids Kozet YAPSAKLI States of Matter difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. In the solid and liquid states

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction. Stronger forces bring molecules

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces 5/14/12 Do now: find a piece of metal at your table and describe three properties about it Work on bonding types Homework: work on pg 209 1-7 Due Wednesday Blazertime: finish organic

More information

Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as. The States of Matter The state of matter a substance is

More information

Chemistry: The Central Science

Chemistry: The Central Science Chemistry: The Central Science Fourteenth Edition Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions

More information

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces Sections 9.4, 11.3-11.4 Intermolecular Forces Attractive forces between molecules due to charges, partial charges, and temporary charges Higher charge, stronger

More information

As we ended the lectures on gases, we were introduced to an idea that serves as foundation for the material in this lecture:

As we ended the lectures on gases, we were introduced to an idea that serves as foundation for the material in this lecture: LECTURE 16. INTRODUCTION TO INTERMOLECULAR FORCES As we ended the lectures on gases, we were introduced to an idea that serves as foundation for the material in this lecture: As we were introduced to ideal

More information

The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids

The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Intermolecular Forces

More information

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids Section 14.1 Water and Its Phase Changes Reviewing What We Know Gases Low density Highly compressible Fill container Solids High density Slightly compressible Rigid (keeps

More information

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry Liquids & Solids Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry 1 Liquids 2 Properties of the States of Matter: Liquids High densities compared to gases. Fluid. The material exhibits

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces States of Matter The three states of matter are 1) Solid Definite shape Definite volume 2) Liquid Indefinite shape Definite volume 3) Gas Indefinite shape Indefinite

More information

Ch. 9 Liquids and Solids

Ch. 9 Liquids and Solids Intermolecular Forces I. A note about gases, liquids and gases. A. Gases: very disordered, particles move fast and are far apart. B. Liquid: disordered, particles are close together but can still move.

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular forces. Chapter 11 1

Chapter 11. Intermolecular forces. Chapter 11 1 Chapter 11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 1 2 Intermolecular forces Forces of attraction between molecules Directly dependent on the distance between the molecules

More information

Chapter Intermolecular attractions

Chapter Intermolecular attractions Chapter 11 11.2 Intermolecular attractions Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces control the physical properties of the substance. Intramolecular forces

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Dissolution of an ionic compound States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of

More information

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Chapter objectives Understand the three intermolecular forces in pure liquid in relation to molecular structure/polarity Understand the physical properties of liquids

More information

PHASE CHANGES. * melting * boiling * sublimation. * freezing * condensation * deposition. vs.

PHASE CHANGES. * melting * boiling * sublimation. * freezing * condensation * deposition. vs. PHASE CHANGES endothermic * melting * boiling * sublimation vs. vs. exothermic * freezing * condensation * deposition H enthalpy: heat content of a system under constant pressure HEATING CURVE: Where is

More information

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Learning goals and key skills: Identify the intermolecular attractive interactions (dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole) that exist between

More information

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Comparisons of the States of Matter The solid and liquid states have a much higher density than the gas state The solid and liquid states have similar

More information

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Why? Why is water usually a liquid and not a gas? Why does liquid water boil at such a high temperature

More information

Physical States of Matter

Physical States of Matter Intermolecular forces Chapter 5 Physical States of Matter Section 12.3 Physical States of Matter Three phases of matter solid Definite shape and volume solid liquid liquid Definite volume, shape of container

More information

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules?

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules? Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Draw Lewis Structures for CCl 4 and CH 3 Cl. What s the same? What s different? 1 Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments Bonds

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kinetic-molecular theory: Gases

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Gases are highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container. Gas molecules are

More information

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.2 Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes I. Forces of Attraction (13.2) Intramolecular forces? (forces within) Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and metallic

More information

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Page 1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) relative weak interactions that occur between molecules. Most of the physical properties of gases,

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Molecular Compounds The simplest molecule is H 2 : Increased electron density draws nuclei together The pair of shared electrons constitutes a covalent bond. Intermolecular Forces

More information

Intermolecular Forces I

Intermolecular Forces I I How does the arrangement of atoms differ in the 3 phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas)? Why doesn t ice just evaporate into a gas? Why does liquid water exist at all? There must be some force between

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces H covalent bond (stronger) Cl H Cl intermolecular attraction (weaker) The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together. They

More information

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 1 Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids The state of matter (Gas, liquid or solid) at a particular temperature and pressure depends

More information

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES Do all the exercises in your studyguide COMPARISON OF THE THREE PHASES OF MATTER. Matter is anything that occupy space and has mass. There are three states of matter:

More information

Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength

More information

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Name Unit Title: Covalent Bonding and Nomenclature Text Reference: Pages 189-193 Date Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular So far in our discussion of covalent bonding,

More information

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together.

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: THE FORCE BEHIND VARIOUS PROPERTIES WHY? Intermolecular forces are largely responsible for the properties of affinity, solubility, volatility, melting/ boiling point, and viscosity.

More information

Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes

Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 1 KMT of Liquids and Solids Gas molecules have little or no interactions. Molecules in the Liquid or solid state have significant interactions. Liquids

More information

Chapter 12 Section 1

Chapter 12 Section 1 hapter 12 Section 1 Kinetic Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids Noncovalent Forces Intermolecular interactions Electrostatic Forces Dispersion Forces -bonding DNA, RNA Mary J. Bojan hem 110 1 What

More information

Bonds & IMAFs in Liquids, Solids, and Solutions

Bonds & IMAFs in Liquids, Solids, and Solutions Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Unit 5 (Chp 11,13) Bonds & IMAFs in Liquids, Solids, and Solutions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles

More information

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14 What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. For

More information

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures GASES are very different from solids and liquids. We

More information

Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules

Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules Some Definitions Electronegativity: the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons to itself. Intramolecular forces: the attractive force between

More information

London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) Intermolecular Forces Attractions BETWEEN molecules. London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)

London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) Intermolecular Forces Attractions BETWEEN molecules. London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) LIQUIDS / SOLIDS / IMFs Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) Attractions BETWEEN molecules NOT within molecules NOT true bonds weaker attractions Represented by dashed lines Physical properties (melting points,

More information

Chapter #16 Liquids and Solids

Chapter #16 Liquids and Solids Chapter #16 Liquids and Solids 16.1 Intermolecular Forces 16.2 The Liquid State 16.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids 16.4 Structure and Bonding of Metals 16.5 Carbon and Silicon: Network

More information

Quick Review. 1. Hybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model.

Quick Review. 1. Hybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model. Quick Review 1. ybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model. **OUR EXAM II IS TURSDAY April 2 nd at 7pm** *BQ5, BQ6 and BQM are in 66 Library *BQ1, BQ2, BQ3,

More information

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Slide 2-3 Properties of Liquids Unlike gases, liquids respond dramatically to temperature and pressure changes. We can study the liquid state and

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids 11.2 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds (e.g., 16 kj/mol versus 431 kj/mol for HCl). Melting or boiling = broken intermolecular forces Intermolecular

More information

Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids

Chapter 10. Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Table of Contents 10.1 Intermolecular Forces 10.2 The Liquid State 10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids 10.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals 10.5

More information

What biological molecules have shapes and structures that depend on intermolecular forces?

What biological molecules have shapes and structures that depend on intermolecular forces? Chapter 11 Reading Guide Intermolecular Forces Dr. Baxley Tro 3 rd edition 1 Section 11.1: How do geckos stick to walls? What biological molecules have shapes and structures that depend on intermolecular

More information

Intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces World of Chemistry, 2000 Updated: August 29, 2013 The attractions of molecules to each other are known as intermolecular forces to distinguish them from intramolecular forces, such

More information

Liquids & Solids. For the condensed states the ave KE is less than the attraction between molecules so they are held together.

Liquids & Solids. For the condensed states the ave KE is less than the attraction between molecules so they are held together. Liquids & Solids Intermolecular Forces Matter exists in 3 states. The state of matter is influenced by the physical properties of a substance. For liquids & solids, the condensed states, many of the physical

More information

Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline

Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Chemical properties are related only to chemical composition; physical properties are related to chemical composition AND the

More information

compared to gases. They are incompressible. Their density doesn t change with temperature. These similarities are due

compared to gases. They are incompressible. Their density doesn t change with temperature. These similarities are due Liquids and solids They are similar compared to gases. They are incompressible. Their density doesn t change with temperature. These similarities are due to the molecules being close together in solids

More information

Professor K. Intermolecular forces

Professor K. Intermolecular forces Professor K Intermolecular forces We've studied chemical bonds which are INTRAmolecular forces... We now explore the forces between molecules, or INTERmolecular forces which you might rightly assume to

More information

Polarity. Q

Polarity.  Q Unit 6 Polarity Polarity Reflect: Hydrogen has a very low affinity for electrons, while oxygen has a very high affinity. What do you think the bond between the two is like? Polarity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj3o0xvhvq

More information

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. Attractive forces that cause atoms or molecules to stick together

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. Attractive forces that cause atoms or molecules to stick together Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Attractive forces that cause atoms or molecules to stick together Types of IMF s 1. London (dispersion) forces all molecules weakest interaction 2. dipole-dipole forces

More information

Molecules have to move past one another to flow, and stronger attractions between molecules make that more difficult!

Molecules have to move past one another to flow, and stronger attractions between molecules make that more difficult! 40 VISCOSITY - viscosity can also be explained (at least partially) by looking at INTERMOLECULAR FORCES! - For a liquid to FLOW, its molecules must move past one another. This means that some of the molecules

More information

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles Scientists are interested in how matter behaves under unusual circumstances. For example, before the space station could be built, fundamental

More information

READING. Review of Intermolecular Forces & Liquids (Chapter 12) Ion-Ion Forces. Ion-Dipole Energies

READING. Review of Intermolecular Forces & Liquids (Chapter 12) Ion-Ion Forces. Ion-Dipole Energies Review of Intermolecular Forces & Liquids (Chapter 12) CEM 102 T. ughbanks READIG We will very briefly review the underlying concepts from Chapters 12 on intermolecular forces since it is relevant to Chapter

More information

- As for the liquids, the properties of different solids often differ considerably. Compare a sample of candle wax to a sample of quartz.

- As for the liquids, the properties of different solids often differ considerably. Compare a sample of candle wax to a sample of quartz. 32 SOLIDS * Molecules are usually packed closer together in the solid phase than in the gas or liquid phases. * Molecules are not free to move around each other as in the liquid phase. Molecular/atomic

More information

States of matter Part 1

States of matter Part 1 Physical pharmacy I 1. States of matter (2 Lectures) 2. Thermodynamics (2 Lectures) 3. Solution of non-electrolyte 4. Solution of electrolyte 5. Ionic equilibria 6. Buffered and isotonic solution Physical

More information

States of matter Part 1. Lecture 1. University of Kerbala. Hamid Alghurabi Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics. Physical Pharmacy

States of matter Part 1. Lecture 1. University of Kerbala. Hamid Alghurabi Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics. Physical Pharmacy Physical pharmacy I 1. States of matter (2 Lectures) 2. Thermodynamics (2 Lectures) 3. Solution of non-electrolyte 4. Solution of electrolyte 5. Ionic equilibria 6. Buffered and isotonic solution Physical

More information

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 12: States of Matter

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 12: States of Matter CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 12: States of Matter CHAPTER 12 States of Matter Section 12.1 Section 12.2 Section 12.3 Section 12.4 Gases Forces of Attraction Liquids and Solids Phase Changes Click

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids 11.2 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds (e.g., 16 kj/mol versus 431 kj/mol for HCl). Melting or boiling = broken intermolecular forces Intermolecular

More information

2.26 Intermolecular Forces

2.26 Intermolecular Forces 2.26 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are the relatively weak forces that exist between molecules. These govern the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility in solvents

More information

ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1

ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1 ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1 This print-out should have 25 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. 001

More information

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces Chapter 11 KMT for Solids and Liquids Intermolecular Forces Viscosity & Surface Tension Phase Changes Vapor Pressure Phase Diagrams Solid Structure Kinetic Molecular Theory Liquids and solids will experience

More information

Properties of Liquids and Solids

Properties of Liquids and Solids Properties of Liquids and Solids World of Chemistry Chapter 14 14.1 Intermolecular Forces Most substances made of small molecules are gases at normal temperature and pressure. ex: oxygen gas, O 2 ; nitrogen

More information

Bromine liquid vapor equilibrium vapor pressure temperature intermolecular forces Presentation

Bromine liquid vapor equilibrium vapor pressure temperature intermolecular forces Presentation Bromine liquid vapor equilibrium vapor pressure temperature intermolecular forces Presentation Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 97403 USA Closed system vs Open

More information

UNIT 14 IMFs, LIQUIDS, SOLIDS PACKET. Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

UNIT 14 IMFs, LIQUIDS, SOLIDS PACKET. Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES p. 1 Name: Date: Period: #: IMF NOTES van der Waals forces: weak attractive forces between molecules. There are 3 types: 1. London Dispersion Forces

More information

CHAPTER 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Are there any IDEAL GASES? The van der Waals equation corrects for deviations from ideality

CHAPTER 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Are there any IDEAL GASES? The van der Waals equation corrects for deviations from ideality CHAPTER 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Are there any IDEAL GASES? The van der Waals equation corrects for deviations from ideality Does the KMT break down? Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Gas

More information

CHM The Liquid State (r15) Charles Taylor 1/7

CHM The Liquid State (r15) Charles Taylor 1/7 CHM 111 - The Liquid State (r15) - 2015 Charles Taylor 1/7 Introduction We have discussed solids and liquids in general. We're now going to discuss the liquid phase in greater detail. We will discuss properties

More information

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids Review Solid - Has a definite (fixed) shape and volume (cannot flow). Liquid - Definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas Has neither fixed shape nor

More information

They are similar to each other. Intermolecular forces

They are similar to each other. Intermolecular forces s and solids They are similar to each other Different than gases. They are incompressible. Their density doesn t change much with temperature. These similarities are due to the molecules staying close

More information

a) ion-ion attractions b) London dispersion forces c) hydrogen bonding forces d) dipole-dipole attractions

a) ion-ion attractions b) London dispersion forces c) hydrogen bonding forces d) dipole-dipole attractions Asgn #48: Intermolecular Forces Name Dec. 13, 2016 1. The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar

More information

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces Name MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 1. Which of the following should have the highest surface tension at a given temperature? 2. The triple point of compound X occurs

More information

POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces

POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces Honors Chem Block Name POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces In chemistry we talk a lot about properties of substances, since the object of chemistry is substances and their properties. After learning different

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

Solids, liquids and gases

Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids, and gases are held together by intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces occur between molecules, not within molecules (as in bonding). When a molecule changes

More information

Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces

Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces Name /66 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Intermolecular

More information

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces The Three Phases of Matter (A Macroscopic Comparison) State of Matter Shape and volume Compressibility Ability to Flow Solid Retains its own shape

More information

of its physical and chemical properties.

of its physical and chemical properties. 8.4 Molecular Shapes VSEPR Model The shape of a molecule determines many of its physical and chemical properties. Molecular l geometry (shape) can be determined with the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

More information

Chapter 12. Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

Chapter 12. Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes There are attractive intermolecular in all solids, liquids (called condensed phases) and gases. Molecules are held together by attractive

More information

5. None are true correct. 6. I only. 7. III only

5. None are true correct. 6. I only. 7. III only Version 001 Practice Exam 3 - F15 mccord (78704) 1 This print-out should have 25 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Remember

More information

NGSS DCI: Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces. Teacher: <Teacher> Time Frame: 9 days. Grade: 10 School: <School>

NGSS DCI: Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces. Teacher: <Teacher> Time Frame: 9 days. Grade: 10 School: <School> Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces Teacher: Time Frame: 9 days Grade: 10 School: Subject: PSI Chemistry NGSS DCI: AP Standards: HS-PS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to

More information

Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids

Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids Name: Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids Objectives: 1. Students will be able to describe particles in the solid, liquid, and gas phases, and to explain what happens during phase transitions in terms of

More information

[8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions

[8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions [8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions Melting and Boiling Points We have talked about melting and boiling points earlier in the semester Now we are going to understand how intermolecular

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Attractive Forces Particles are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. The strength of the attractive forces depends on the kind(s) of particles.

More information

Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds It takes energy to overcome the forces holding particles together. Thus, it takes energy to cause a substance to go from the liquid to the gaseous state. The boiling

More information

Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley

Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley Intra- and Intermolecular AP Questions: 2005 Q. 7, 2005 (Form B) Q. 8, 2006 Q. 6, 2007 Q. 2 (d) and (c), Periodic Trends AP Questions: 2001 Q. 8, 2002 Q.

More information

Learning Check. Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule.

Learning Check. Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule. Learning Check Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule. 1 Types of Covalent Bonds 1. A sigma (σ) bond is formed by endto-end overlap

More information