Chapter 10. Acids and Bases
|
|
- Ashley Gilmore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 10 Acids and Bases 1
2 Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Aqueous acidic solutions have the following properties: 1. They have a sour taste.. They change the colors of many indicators. Acids turn blue litmus to red.. They react with metals to generate hydrogen, H (g). 4. Acidic aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
3 Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Aqueous basic solutions have the following properties: 1. They have a bitter taste.. They have a slippery feeling.. They change the colors of many indicators Bases turn red litmus to blue. Bases turn bromothymol blue from yellow to blue. 4. They react with acids to form salts and water. 5. Aqueous basic solutions conduct electricity.
4 Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases 4
5 The Arrhenius Theory Svante Augustus Arrhenius first presented this theory of acids and bases in Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and produces H in aqueous solutions. H is a proton. Protons (H ) generated in acid-base reactions and dissociations are not present in aqueous solution by themselves. Protons are ALWAYS surrounded by several water molecules. How many varies from solution to solution. H (aq) is really H(H O) n Chemists normally write the hydrated hydrogen ion as H O and call it the hydronium ion. 5
6 The Arrhenius Theory Two examples of substances that behave as Arrhenius acids: HCl HCO (aq) H H (aq) O ( ) H O H O Cl H O ( ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( aq ) - HCO (aq) 6
7 The Arrhenius Theory Bases are substances that contain the hydroxyl, OH, group and produce hydroxide ions, OH -, in aqueous solutions. Two examples of substances that behave as Arrhenius bases: NaOH NH (g) H Na O OH ( aq ) ( aq ) NH 4 - OH ( aq ) ( aq ) 7
8 Bases 8
9 Naming Acids Acids are compounds consisting of hydrogen and a nonmetal. Compounds are gases at room temperature and pressure. Nomenclature for compounds is hydrogen (stem)ide. Become aqueous acids when dissolved in water, NEW NAME! hydro stemic acid Hydrogen and an anion HCl hydrochloric acid stemic acid Polyatomics with ate Nitric Acid HNO stemous acid Polyatomics with ite Nitrous Acid- HNO 9
10 Naming Some Inorganic Compounds 10
11 Naming Bases Most bases are compounds consisting of hydroxide and a metal. Compounds are solids at room temperature and pressure. In water dissociate to cation of metal and hydroxide No special namng, follow old rules NaOH Ca(OH) Al(OH) 11
12 Some bases in over the counter meds 1
13 The Arrhenius Theory Strong acids are acidic substances that ionize 100% in water. List of aqueous strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, H SO 4, HNO, HClO 4, HClO Strong bases are basic substances that ionize 100% in water. List of aqueous strong bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH), Sr(OH), Ba(OH) 1
14 Strong Acids vs. Weak Acids 14
15 The Arrhenius Theory Neutralization reactions are the combination of H (or H O ) with OH - to form H O. Example strong acid-strong base reaction, HCl NaOH NaCl H aq O ( ( ) ( aq) ( aq) ) 15
16 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory J.N. BrØnsted and T.M. Lowry developed this more general acid-base theory in 19. An acid is a proton donor (H ). A base is a proton acceptor. Two examples to illustrate this concept. NH H O NH 4 OH - base acid HBr H O H O Br - acid base 16
17 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory Acid-base reactions are the transfer of a proton from an acid to a base. HCl NH NH 4 You determine the acid and base for this reaction. Cl - 17
18 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory An important part of BrØnsted-Lowry acid-base theory is the idea of conjugate acid-base pairs. Two species that differ by a proton are called acid-base conjugate pairs. For example we can use this reaction: HNO H O H O NO - 1. Identify the reactant acid and base.. Find the species that differs from the acid by a proton, that is the conjugate base. 18
19 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory. Find the species that differs from the base by a proton, that is the conjugate acid. HNO is the acid, conjugate base is NO - H O is the base, conjugate acid is H O 19
20 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory Conjugate acid-base pairs are species that differ by a proton. Some examples: 0
21 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory Standard format for writing conjugate acid-base pairs. - HF H O H O F acid base acid base The subscript 1's indicate the1 H HF - acid 1 O - base F H O - base acid The subscript 's indicate the st nd pair. pair. 1
22 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory An important concept in BrØnsted-Lowry theory involves the relative strengths of acid-base pairs. Weak acids have strong conjugate bases. Weak bases have strong conjugate acids. The weaker the acid or base, the stronger the conjugate partner. The reason why a weak acid is weak is because the conjugate base is so strong it reforms the original acid. Similarly for weak bases.
23 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory NH H O NH OH 4 Since NH is a weak base, NH 4 must be a strong acid. NH 4 gives up H to reform NH. Compare that to NaOH Na (aq) OH - (aq) Na must be a weak acid or it would recombine to form NaOH Remember NaOH ionizes 100%. NaOH is a strong base. -
24 Conjugate Acids and Bases 4
25 The BrØnsted-Lowry Theory Amines are weak bases that behave similarly to ammonia. The functional group for amines is an -NH group attached to other organic groups. NH H O NH OH 4 CH NH H O CH NH - OH - 5
26 The Autoionization of Water Water can be either an acid or base in Bronsted-Lowry theory. Consequently, water can react with itself. This reaction is called autoionization. One water molecule acts as a base and the other as an acid. - H O H O H O OH base 1 acid acid 1 base 6
27 The Autoionization of Water Water does not do this extensively. [H O ] [OH - ] 1.0 x 10-7 M Autoionization is the basis of the ph scale 7
28 The Autoionization of Water We can write the autoionization of water as a dissociation reaction H O H O H O OH - ( ) ( ) (aq) (aq) K [ H O ][ OH ] c 8
29 The Autoionization of Water Experimental measurements have determined that the concentration of each ion is 1.0 x 10-7 M at 5 o C. Note that this is at 5 o C, not every temperature! We can determine the value of K c from this information. K [ H O ][ OH ] c ( 1.0 x 10-7 )( 1.0 x 10-7 ) 1.0 x
30 The Autoionization of Water This particular equilibrium constant is called the ionproduct for water and given the symbol K w. [ ][ ] K H O OH w 1.0 x
31 The Autoionization of Water Example 10-1: Calculate the concentrations of H O and OH - in M HCl. The [ H O ] HCl 0.050M Thus and K H the w O 0.050M [ H O ] H O Cl 0.050M 0.050M. - will allow us to calculate[oh ]. 1
32 The Autoionization of Water Use the [H O ] and K w to determine the [OH - ]. [ ][ ] H O OH You do it! [ ] OH [ ] H O 5.0 [ ] 1 OH.0 10 M
33 The ph and poh scales A convenient way to express the acidity and basicity of a solution is the ph and poh scales. The ph of an aqueous solution is defined as: ph -log[ H O ] [ - ] poh -log OH
34 The ph and poh scales 4
35 The ph and poh scales ph poh
36 The ph and poh scales 6
37 The ph and poh scales If either the [H O ] or [OH - ] is known, the ph and poh can be calculated. Example 10-: Calculate the ph of a solution in which the [H O ] 0.00 M. ph ph ph -log log 1.5 [ ] H O ( )
38 The ph and poh scales Example 10-: The ph of a solution is What is the concentration of H O? You do it! log[h O [H O [H O ph ] ] 10 ] -log[h O log[h O ] ] M 8
39 The ph and poh scales The usual range for the ph scale is 0 to 14. [ H O ] 1.0 to [ H O ] M ph 0 to ph And for poh the scale is also 0 to 14 but inverted from ph. ph 0 has a poh 14 and ph 14 has a poh 0. [ ] [ ] OH M up to OH poh poh M 1.0M 0 9
40 The ph and poh scales Example 10-4: Calculate the [H O ], ph, [OH - ], and poh for a 0.00 M HNO solution. Is HNO a weak or strong acid? What is the [H O ]? HNO 0.00M [ H O ] ph ph H -log % O H O.0 10 M (.0 10 M ) 0.00M NO M 40
41 The ph and poh scales Example 10-5: Calculate the [H O], ph, [OH - ], and poh for a 0.00 M HNO solution. K w [ OH ] poh [ H O ][ OH ] [ ] H O.0 10 [ ] log M 41
42 Dilution of Solutions To dilute a solution, add solvent to a concentrated solution. One method to make tea less sweet. How fountain drinks are made from syrup. The number of moles of solute in the two solutions remains constant. The relationship M 1 V 1 M V is used for dilutions. 4
43 Dilution of Solutions 4
44 Dilution of Solutions Example 10-6: If 10.0 ml of 1.0 M HCl is added to enough water to give 100. ml of solution, what is the concentration of the solution? 1.0 M M M V ml 1 M M V ml 1.0 M ml 1.0 M ml 44
45 Dilution of Solutions Example 10-7: What volume of 18.0 M sulfuric acid is required to make.50 L of a.40 M sulfuric acid solution? You do it! 45
46 Dilution of Solutions Example 10-8: What volume of 18.0 M sulfuric acid is required to make.50 L of a.40 M sulfuric acid solution? M 1 V V V M M V M 1 V.50 L.40 M 18.0 M 0. L or ml 46
47 Buffer Solutions 1. Buffers are solutions made of weak acids plus a soluble ionic salt of the weak acid One example of this type of buffer system is: The weak acid - acetic acid CH COOH The soluble ionic salt - sodium acetate NaCH COO The weak acid reacts with bases. - CH COOH CH COO Na CH COO 100% H Na CH COO The salt anion (a base) reacts - with acids. 47
48 Buffer Solutions 48
49 Buffer Solutions 49
50 Buffer Solutions in Medicine 50
51 Buffer Solutions The general expression for the ionization of a weak monoprotic acid is: HA H A The generalized ionization constant expression for a weak acid is: K a [ H ][ A ] [ HA] 51
52 Buffer Equation ph pka log [ salt] [ acid] 5
53 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Titrations are a method of determining the concentration of an unknown solutions from the known concentration of a solution and solution reaction stoichiometry. Requires special lab glassware Buret, pipet, and flasks Must have an an indicator also 5
54 Titrations Acid-base Titration Terminology 1. Titration A method of determining the concentration of one solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.. Primary standard A chemical compound which can be used to accurately determine the concentration of another solution. Examples include KHP and sodium carbonate.. Standard solution A solution whose concentration has been determined using a primary standard. 4. Standardization The process in which the concentration of a solution is determined by accurately measuring the volume of the solution required to react with a known amount of a primary standard. 54
55 Titrations Acid-base Titration Terminology 5. Indicator A substance that exists in different forms with different colors depending on the concentration of the H in solution. Examples are phenolphthalein and bromothymol blue. 6. Equivalence point The point at which stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of the acid and base have reacted. 7. End point The point at which the indicator changes color and the titration is stopped. 55
56 Titrations 56
57 Titration Curves Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves These graphs are a plot of ph vs. volume of acid or base added in a titration. As an example, consider the titration of ml of M perchloric acid with M potassium hydroxide. In this case, we plot ph of the mixture vs. ml of KOH added. Note that the reaction is a 1:1 mole ratio. HClO KOH KClO H O
58 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves Before any KOH is added the ph of the HClO 4 solution is Remember perchloric acid is a strong acid that ionizes essentially 100%. HClO H ClO M ph [ ] H 100% 0.100M 0.100M log(0.100) M 58
59 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves After a total of 0.0 ml M KOH has been added the ph of the reaction mixture is? Start Change After rxn. M : HClO 4 : - HClO mmol mmol mmol mmol HClO 10 ml [ ] H M ph KOH.0 mmol mmol mmol 4 KClO M 4 H mmol mmol O 59
60 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves After a total of 50.0 ml of M KOH has been added the ph of the reaction mixture is? Start Change After rxn. M : HClO 4 : HClO mmol mmol mmol mmol HClO 150 ml [ ] H 0.0M ph KOH mmol mmol mmol 4 KClO M 4 H mmol mmol O 60
61 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves After a total of 90.0 ml of M KOH has been added the ph of the reaction mixture is? Start Change After rxn. M : HClO 4 : HClO mmol mmol mmol mmol HClO 190 ml mmol [ ] H 0.005M ph.8 4 KOH mmol mmol 4 KClO M 4 H mmol mmol O 61
62 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves After a total of ml of M KOH has been added the ph of the reaction mixture is? Start : HClO4 KOH KClO4 HO 10.0 mmol 10.0 mmol Change :-10.0 mmol mmol After 0.0 mmol 0.0 mmol rxn. No acid or base neutral ph mmol 10.0 mmol 6
63 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves We have calculated only a few points on the titration curve. Similar calculations for remainder of titration show clearly the shape of the titration curve. 6
64 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Combine the concepts of molarity and stoichiometry to determine the amounts of reactants and products involved in reactions in solution. 64
65 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Example 10-9: What volume of M BaCl is required to completely react with 4. g of Na SO 4? Na SO BaCl BaSO 4 4 NaCl 65
66 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Example 10-9: What volume of M BaCl is required to completely react with 4. g of Na SO 4? Na SO? L BaCl 4 BaCl 4. gna SO BaSO 4 4 NaCl 1mol Na 14 g Na SO SO
67 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Example 10-9: What volume of M BaCl is required to completely react with 4. g of Na SO 4? Na SO? L BaCl 1mol BaCl 1mol Na SO 4 BaCl 4. gna 4 SO BaSO 1mol 14 g 1L BaCl mol BaCl 4 4 NaCl Na Na SO SO L 67
68 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Example 10-10: (a)what volume of 0.00 M NaOH will react with 50.0 ml 0f 0.00 M aluminum nitrate, Al(NO )? ( NO ) NaOH Al( OH) Al NaNO 68
69 Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions Example 10-10: (a)what volume of 0.00 M NaOH will react with 50.0 ml 0f 0.00 M aluminum nitrate?? Al ml ( NO ) NaOH 0.00 mol Al(NO 1 L Al(NO ) 1 L NaOH 0.00 mol NaOH 50.0 NaOH L Al(OH) or 150 ml NaNO 1 L ml Al(NO ) sol' n 1000 ml ) sol' n mol NaOH sol' n 1 mol Al(NO ) NaOH sol' n 69
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases & Salts
10 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases & Salts CHAPTER GOALS 1. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases 2. The Arrhenius Theory 3. The Hydronium Ion (Hydrated Hydrogen Ion) 4. The
More informationChapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS Chapters 15 & 16 ACIDS & BASES ph & Titrations There are 5 main properties of acids: 1. sour taste 2. change the color of acidbase indicators 3. react with metals to produce H2 gas
More informationAcids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride
Acids and Bases Acids and bases, as we use them in the lab, are usually aqueous solutions. Ex: when we talk about hydrochloric acid, it is actually hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water HCl (aq) Concentrated
More informationChapter 14. Objectives
Section 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Objectives List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases. Name common binary acids and oxyacids, given their chemical formulas. List five acids commonly
More informationAcid and Bases. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties. Indicators. Corrosive when concentrated. Corrosive when concentrated.
Physical Properties Acid and Bases Chemistry 30 Acids Corrosive when concentrated Have a sour taste Bases Corrosive when concentrated Have a bitter taste Often have a sharp odour Chemical Properties Indicators
More informationName. Academic Chemistry. Acid Base. Notes. Unit #14 Test Date: cincochem.pbworks.com
Periodic Table Name Academic Chemistry Acids & Bases Notes Unit #14 Test Date: 20 cincochem.pbworks.com Acid Base cincochem.pbworks.com Notes Find ph To go from [H 3 O + ] to ph EXAMPLE: [H 3 O + ] = 3.23
More informationNotes: Acids and Bases
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Acids and Bases Period I. Describing Acids and Bases A. Properties of Acids taste ph 7 Acids change color of an (e.g. blue litmus paper turns in the presence of an acid) React
More informationAcids and Bases. Bases react with acids to form water and a salt. Bases do not commonly with metals.
Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Acids taste. Lemon juice and, for example, are both aqueous solutions of acids. Acids conduct electricity; they are. Some are strong electrolytes, while others
More informationEquations. M = n/v. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14
Equations M = n/v M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 if the moles are the same n 1 n 2 you can cancel out the n s. ph = -log [H + ] poh = -log [OH - ] ph + poh = 14 [H 3 O + ] = 10^-pH [OH - ] = 10^-pOH [H 3 O + ] [OH
More informationChapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 10 Acids, Bases, and Salts Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory Mono-, di- and tri-protic acids Strengths of acids and
More informationAcids and Bases. Unit 10
Acids and Bases Unit 10 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Bases Taste Sour Turns Litmus Dye Red Reacts with Metals to give H 2 (g) Taste Bitter Turns Litmus Dye Blue Do Not React with Metals Reacts
More informationUnit 2 Acids and Bases
Unit 2 Acids and Bases 1 Topics Properties / Operational Definitions Acid-Base Theories ph & poh calculations Equilibria (Kw, K a, K b ) Indicators Titrations STSE: Acids Around Us 2 Operational Definitions
More informationAcids and Bases. Properties, Reactions, ph, and Titration
Acids and Bases Properties, Reactions, ph, and Titration C-19 2017 Properties of acids 1. Taste Sour (don t try this except with foods). 2. Are electrolytes (conduct electricity). Some are strong, some
More informationUnit 9. Acids, Bases, & Salts Acid/Base Equilibrium
Unit 9 Acids, Bases, & Salts Acid/Base Equilibrium Properties of Acids sour or tart taste strong acids burn; weak acids feel similar to H 2 O acid solutions are electrolytes acids react with most metals
More informationTHE BIG IDEA: REACTIONS. 1. Review nomenclature rules for acids and bases and the formation of acids and bases from anhydrides. (19.
HONORS CHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 19 ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS OBJECTIVES AND NOTES - V14 NAME: DATE: PAGE: THE BIG IDEA: REACTIONS Essential Questions 1. What are the different ways chemists define acids and bases?
More informationChemistry I Notes Unit 10: Acids and Bases
Chemistry I Notes Unit 10: Acids and Bases Acids 1. Sour taste. 2. Acids change the color of acid- base indicators (turn blue litmus red). 3. Some acids react with active metals and release hydrogen gas,
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Chapter 15 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Generally, an acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water. Blue litmus is used to test for acids. Blue litmus
More informationAcids and Bases. Feb 28 4:40 PM
Acids and Bases H O s O Cl H O O H H N H Na O H H Feb 28 4:40 PM Properties of Acids 1. Taste sour 2. Conduct electrical current 3. Liberate H 2 gas when reacted with a metal. 4. Cause certain dyes to
More informationGrace King High School Chemistry Test Review
CHAPTER 19 Acids, Bases & Salts 1. ACIDS Grace King High School Chemistry Test Review UNITS 7 SOLUTIONS &ACIDS & BASES Arrhenius definition of Acid: Contain Hydrogen and produce Hydrogen ion (aka proton),
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acids 5 Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain
More informationDuncan. UNIT 14 - Acids & Bases. COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric NAMING ACIDS NOTES
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric citric malic PROPERTIES OF ACIDS 1. 1. PROPERTIES OF BASES 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. NAMING ACIDS NOTES Binary acids (H + one element) 1. hydro- - HF 2. root of
More informationph calculations MUDr. Jan Pláteník, PhD Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases Acid is a proton donor Base is a proton acceptor
ph calculations MUDr. Jan Pláteník, PhD Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases Acid is a proton donor Base is a proton acceptor HCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Acid Base Conjugate acid Conjugate
More informationAqueous solutions of acids have a sour Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter
Acid and Bases Exam Review Honors Chemistry 3 April 2012 Chapter 14- Acids and Bases Section 14.1- Acid and Base Properties List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases Properties of Acids Properties
More informationADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY ACIDS, BASES, AND AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA
ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY ACIDS, BASES, AND AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA Acids- taste sour Bases(alkali)- taste bitter and feel slippery Arrhenius concept- acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution while
More informationUNIT 14 - Acids & Bases
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic sour milk, sore muscles acetic vinegar phosphoric soft drinks citric citrus fruits malic apples PROPERTIES OF ACIDS PROPERTIES OF BASES 1. Taste sour 1. Taste bitter 2. react
More informationChapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases What is an acid? Some examples of common items containing acids: Vinegar contains acetic acid; lemons and citrus fruits contain citric acid; many
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acids 5 Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain
More informationUNIT #11: Acids and Bases ph and poh Neutralization Reactions Oxidation and Reduction
NAME: UNIT #11: Acids and Bases ph and poh Neutralization Reactions Oxidation and Reduction 1. SELF-IONIZATION OF WATER a) Water molecules collide, causing a very small number to ionize in a reversible
More informationUNIT 14 - Acids & Bases
COMMON ACIDS NOTES lactic acetic phosphoric citric malic PROPERTIES OF ACIDS 1. 1. PROPERTIES OF BASES 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. NAMING ACIDS NOTES Binary acids (H + one element) Practice: 1. hydro- - HF
More informationAcids, Bases and ph Chapter 19
Acids, Bases and ph Chapter 19 Compounds That Become Acids When Dissolved in Water General Formula: HX H + X - monatomic or polyatomic anion Naming Acids (p. 250) Binary acids Hydro ic Acid HCl: Hydrochloric
More informationAcids and Bases. Acid. Acid Base 2016 OTHS. Acid Properties. A compound that produces H + ions when dissolved in water. Examples!
Acids and Bases Acid A compound that produces H + ions when dissolved in water. Examples! Vinegar Acetic acid Lemon Juice Citric acid Sour Candy Malic acid (and others) Milk Lactic acid HCl(aq) Acid Properties
More informationChapter 14 Properties of Acids and Bases
Section 14.1 Defining Acids and Bases Properties of acids and bases Chapter 14 Properties of Acids and Bases taste sour Acids taste bitter Bases conduct electricity no characteristic feel react with metals
More informationAcids, Bases, & Neutralization Chapter 20 & 21 Assignment & Problem Set
Acids, Bases, & Neutralization Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Acids, Bases, & Neutralization 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of Acids and Bases 1 Acid and Bases 4 Acid and Bases 2 Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce
More informationAcids - Bases in Water
more equilibrium Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry, Miramar College 1 Acids-Bases Characteristics Acids (Properties) Taste Sour Dehydrate Substances Neutralizes bases Dissolves metals Examples: Juices: TJ,
More informationChem 30A. Ch 14. Acids and Bases
Chem 30A Ch 14. Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Acids Sour taste Dissolve many metals Turn litmus paper red. Egs. Ace9c acid (vinegar), citric acid (lemons) Bases Bi>er taste, slippery
More informationUnit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts
STUDENT VERSION Unit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts Unit Vocabulary: Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base Electrolyte hydronium ion hydroxide ion indicator (acid/base) neutralization
More informationUnit 4 Toxins, Section IV, L17-22
Unit 4 Toxins, Section IV, L17-22 Lesson 17 Heartburn Lesson 18 Pass the Proton Lesson 19 phooey! Lesson 20 Watered Down Lesson 21 Neutral Territory Lesson 22 Drip Drop Acids and Bases What are the properties
More informationChapter Menu Chapter Menu
Chapter Menu Chapter Menu Section 18.1 Section 18.3 Section 18.4 Introduction to Acids and Bases Hydrogen Ions and ph Neutralization Section 18.1 Intro to Acids and Bases Objectives: Compare the Arrhenius,
More informationAcids and Bases Unit 11
Mr. B s Chemistry Acids and Bases Unit 11 Name Block Let s start our discussion of acids and bases by defining some terms that are essential to the topics that follow. Arrhenius acids and bases are: acid
More information-a base contains an OH group and ionizes in solutions to produce OH - ions: Neutralization: Hydrogen ions (H + ) in solution form
NOTES Acids, Bases & Salts Arrhenius Theory of Acids & Bases: an acid contains hydrogen and ionizes in solutions to produce H+ ions: a base contains an OH group and ionizes in solutions to produce OH ions:
More informationAdvanced Placement Chemistry Chapters Syllabus
As you work through the chapter, you should be able to: Advanced Placement Chemistry Chapters 14 16 Syllabus Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 1. Describe acid and bases using the Bronsted-Lowry, Arrhenius, and
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change UNIT 18 Table Of Contents Section 18.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases Unit 18: Acids and Bases Section 18.2 Section 18.3 Section 18.4 Strengths of Acids and Bases Hydrogen
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 15. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Acids and Bases Chapter 15 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain
More informationCh 18 Acids and Bases Big Idea: Acids and Bases can be defined in terms of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions or in terms of electron pairs.
Ch 18 Acids and Bases Big Idea: Acids and Bases can be defined in terms of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions or in terms of electron pairs. Ch 18 - Acids and Bases I CAN: 1) Compare properties of acids
More informationPart One: Acid-Base Concepts. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) yellow
CHAPTER 15: ACIDS AND BASES Part One: Acid-Base Concepts A. Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids. 1. Sour taste. (Examples: vinegar = acetic acid; lemons - citric acid) 2. Change the colors of many
More informationACIDS, BASES & SALTS DR. RUCHIKA YADU
ACIDS, BASES & SALTS DR. RUCHIKA YADU Properties of Acids Acid is a compound which yields hydrogen ion (H+), when dissolved in water. Acid is sour to the taste and corrosive in nature. The ph value of
More informationAqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation)
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation) 1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes 2. Determining Moles of Ions in Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Compounds 3. Acids and Bases 4. Acid Strength
More informationAcids And Bases. H + (aq) + Cl (aq) ARRHENIUS THEORY
Acids And Bases A. Characteristics of Acids and Bases 1. Acids and bases are both ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. Since acids and bases both form ionic solutions, their solutions conduct electricity
More informationACID-BASE TITRATION AND PH
ACID-BASE TITRATION AND PH Section 1 Aqueous Solutions and the Concept of ph Hydronium and Hydroxide Ions Acids and bases form hydroxide and hydronium ions These ions are not the only ones in an aqueous
More informationName%% %Period%% % Precipitation+Reaction+Practice+
Name%% %Period%% % Precipitation+Reaction+Practice+ 1.%Write%a%balanced%equation%for%the%following%precipitation%reactions,%circle%the%precipitate%that%is% formed:% a) K 3 PO 4 %+%3%Sr(NO 3 ) 2 %% % %
More informationUnit 10: Acids and Bases
Unit 10: Acids and Bases PROPERTIES OF ACIDS & BASES Properties of an Acid: a Tastes sour substance which dissociates (ionizes, breaks apart in solution) in water to form hydrogen ions Turns blue litmus
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationUnit 9: Acids and Bases Chapter 19
Unit 9: Acids and Bases Chapter 19 I. Introduction In aqueous solutions, the solvent is. Aqueous solutions contain. In the self-ionization of water, the hydrogen ion (H+) exists in solution as the ion.
More informationUnit 12: Acids & Bases. Aim: What are the definitions and properties of an acid and a base? Properties of an Acid. Taste Sour.
Unit 12: Acids & Bases Aim: What are the definitions and properties of an acid and a base? Mar 23 12:08 PM Properties of an Acid 3. Are electrolytes. (Dissociate and conduct electricity when aq) 2. Turns
More informationDefinition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl
Acids Definition of Acid Acids are substances that contain H + ions that ionize when dissolved in water. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of H + ions that are present when added
More informationAcids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course. Steffi Thomas 14/09/2017
Acids, Bases and ph Preliminary Course Steffi Thomas ssthomas@tcd.ie 14/09/2017 Outline What are acids and bases? Can we provide a general definition of acid and base? How can we quantify acidity and basicity?
More informationACIDS AND BASES CONTINUED
ACIDS AND BASES CONTINUED WHAT HAPPENS WHEN AN ACID DISSOLVED IN WATER? Water acts as a Brønsted Lowry base and abstracts a proton (H+) from the acid. As a result, the conjugate base of the acid and a
More information15 Acids, Bases, and Salts. Lemons and limes are examples of foods that contain acidic solutions.
15 Acids, Bases, and Salts Lemons and limes are examples of foods that contain acidic solutions. Chapter Outline 15.1 Acids and Bases 15.2 Reactions of Acids and Bases 15.3 Salts 15.4 Electrolytes and
More informationreversible reaction: R P and P R Acid dissociation is a reversible reaction. H 2 SO 4 2 H SO 4
Unit : Equilibrium / Acids and Bases reversible reaction: R P and P R Acid dissociation is a reversible reaction. H 2 SO 4 2 H + + SO 4 Rate at which equilibrium: R P = Rate at which P R -- looks like
More information*KEY* * KEY * Mr. Dolgos Regents Chemistry. NOTE PACKET Unit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts
*KEY* * KEY * Mr. Dolgos Regents Chemistry NOTE PACKET Unit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts 1 *KEY* Unit 9: Acids, Bases, & Salts *KEY* Unit Vocabulary: Amphoteric Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base Bronsted-Lowry
More informationChapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept of acids and bases: An
More informationChapter 10 - Acids & Bases
Chapter 10 - Acids & Bases 10.1-Acids & Bases: Definitions Arrhenius Definitions Acids: substances that produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in H 2 O Common Strong Acids: Common Weak acids: Organic carboxylic
More informationACIDS AND BASES. HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid HCl(g) H + (aq) + Cl (aq) ARRHENIUS THEORY
ACIDS AND BASES A. CHARACTERISTICS OF ACIDS AND BASES 1. Acids and bases are both ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. Since acids and bases both form ionic solutions, their solutions conduct electricity
More informationAcids and Bases: Chapter 14 & 15
Acids and Bases: Chapter 14 & 15 HW: Read Ch 14: Fill in as much of the acid base table as you can, as you read Acid base conductivity and reactivity Conduc'vity Reac'vity Hydrochloric acid high high
More informationChapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties
+4.1 - General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent = substance present in greatest quantity Solute = the other substance(s) present in a solution
More informationChapter 7 Acids and Bases
Chapter 7 Acids and Bases 7.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases 7.2 Acid Strength 7.3 The ph Scale 7.4 Calculating the ph of Strong Acid Solutions 7.5 Calculating the ph of Weak Acid Solutions 7.6 Bases 7.7
More informationChapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chemistry 12 Ch 1 4 : Acids and Bases Page 1 Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Check MasteringChemistry Deadlines Acids and Bases: The sour taste of lemons and lime, the bite of sourdough bread, and the tang
More informationChapter 9: Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 9: Acids, Bases, and Salts 1 ARRHENIUS ACID An Arrhenius acid is any substance that provides hydrogen ions, H +, when dissolved in water. ARRHENIUS BASE An Arrhenius base is any substance that
More informationUnit 4a Acids, Bases, and Salts Theory
Unit 4a Acids, Bases, and Salts Theory Chemistry 12 Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases The first theory that was proposed to explain the actions of acids and bases was by Svante Arrhenius. It is still
More informationWorksheet 4.1 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Worksheet 4.1 Conjugate AcidBase Pairs 1. List five properties of acids that are in your textbook. Acids conduct electricity, taste sour, neutralize bases, change the color of indicators, and react with
More informationChapter 14 Acids and Bases
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases General Properties of Acids 1. An acid tastes sour - acidus = Latin, sour; acetum= Latin, vinegar 2. An acid turns indicator dye litmus from blue to red. 3. An acid reacts with
More informationNeutral Solutions. Will not change the color of litmus. Colorless in phenolphthalein. - Electron pair donor [OH - ] = 10-7 M MEDIUM
Lecture Notes for Chapter 16: Acids and Bases I. Acids and Bases a. There are several ways to define acids and bases. Perhaps the easiest way to start is to list some of the properties of acids and bases.
More information(Label the Conjugate Pairs) Water in the last example acted as a Bronsted-Lowry base, and here it is acting as an acid. or
Chapter 16 - Acid-Base Equilibria Arrhenius Definition produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Limits to aqueous solutions. Only one kind of base. NH
More informationAcids. Names of Acids. Naming Some Common Acids. Solution. Learning Check Acids and Bases. Arrhenius acids Produce H + ions in water.
Chapter 10 Acids and Bases Acids 10.1 Acids and Bases Arrhenius acids Produce H + ions in water. H 2 O HCl(g) H + (aq) + Cl (aq) Are electrolytes. Have a sour taste. Turn litmus red. Neutralize bases.
More informationPrinciples of Reactivity: The Chemistry of Acids and Bases. Acids, Bases and Arrhenius
Principles of Reactivity: The Chemistry of Acids and Bases **a lot of calculations in this chapter will be done on the chalkboard Do not rely on these notes for all the material** Acids, Bases and Arrhenius
More informationChemistry SAT II Review Page 1
Chemistry SAT II Review Page 1 Acids and Bases Properties of acids and bases are caused by ions 1. Hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) cause acid properties 2. Hydroxide ions (OH ) cause base properties Water -
More informationUnit 6: ACIDS AND BASES
Unit 6: Acids and Bases Honour Chemistry Unit 6: ACIDS AND BASES Chapter 16: Acids and Bases 16.1: Brønsted Acids and Bases Physical and Chemical Properties of Acid and Base Acids Bases Taste Sour (Citric
More informationAcid-base Chemistry. Unit 11.1: Into to acid base chemistry. Unit 11. Name:
Name: Acid-base Chemistry Unit 11 ( F i ve cla s s peri o ds) Unit 11.1: Into to acid base chemistry 1) Self-ionization of water a) Water molecules collide and the extremely electronegative oxygen can
More informationContents and Concepts
Chapter 16 1 Learning Objectives Acid Base Concepts Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Base a. Define acid and base according to the Arrhenius concept. Brønsted Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases a. Define acid
More informationAcids and Bases. A strong base is a substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solutions to give a cation and a hydroxide ion.
Acid-Base Theories Arrhenius Acids and Bases (1884) Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions. A base is a substance that, when
More informationINTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin
Lecture INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin Acids and Bases Properties of Acids An acid is any substance that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water.
More information[H + ] OH - Base contains more OH - than H + [OH - ] Neutral solutions contain equal amounts of OH - and H + Self-ionization of Water
19.1 Acids & Bases 1. Compare and contrast the properties of acids & bases. 2. Describe the self-ionization of water & the concept of K w. 3. Differentiate between the Arhennius & Bronsted-Lowry models
More informationAcid/Base Definitions
Acids and Bases Acid/Base Definitions Arrhenius Model Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions Bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions Bronsted-Lowry Model Acids are proton donors Bases
More informationUnit 9: Acid and Base Multiple Choice Practice
Unit 9: Acid and Base Multiple Choice Practice Name June 14, 2017 1. Consider the following acidbase equilibrium: HCO3 H2O H2CO3 OH In the reaction above, the BrönstedLowry acids are: A. H2O and OH B.
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapters 20 and 21
Acids and Bases Chapters 20 and 21 Acid and Bases Have a sour taste. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. React with
More informationAP Chemistry: Acid-Base Chemistry Practice Problems
Name AP Chemistry: Acid-Base Chemistry Practice Problems Date Due Directions: Write your answers to the following questions in the space provided. For problem solving, show all of your work. Make sure
More informationUnit 24 Acids and Bases (Chapter 7)
Unit 24 Acids and Bases (Chapter 7) Properties of Acids and Bases (7.1) Theories of Acids and Bases (7.2) Arrhenius Theory Brønsted-Lowry Theory Salts (7.2) Acidic and Basic Anhydrides (7.3) Properties
More informationAcids, Bases and Salts
(Hebden Unit 4 page 109 182) 182) We will cover the following topics: 1. Definition of Acids and Bases 2. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 2 1 Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases An acid is a substance
More informationName Date Class ACID-BASE THEORIES
19.1 ACID-BASE THEORIES Section Review Objectives Define the properties of acids and bases Compare and contrast acids and bases as defined by the theories of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis Vocabulary
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES
INTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES ALIGNED STANDARDS S.C. 912.P.8.11 Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxide concentration and ph. S.C.912.N.1.2 Describe and explain what characterizes science
More informationAcids Bases and Salts Acid
Acids Bases and Salts Acid ph less than 7.0 Sour taste Electrolyte Names of Acids Binary acids Contain only 2 elements Begin with hydro; end with ic Ternary acids Ex: H 2 S = hydrosulfuric Contain a polyatomic
More informationSCHOOL YEAR CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A
SCHOOL YEAR 2017-18 NAME: CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question. 1. A solute
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives Acids and bases are important substance in health, industry, and the environment. One of the most common characteristics of acids is their sour taste.
More informationACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM
ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM Part one: Acid/Base Theories Learning Goals: to identify acids and bases and their conjugates according to Arrhenius and Bronstead Lowry Theories. to be able to identify amphoteric
More informationHA(s) + H 2 O(l) = H 3 O + (aq) + A (aq) b) NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(l) = NH 4 + (aq) + OH (aq) Acid no. H + type base no. OH type
You are already familiar with some acid and base chemistry. According to the Arrhenius model, acids are substances that when dissolved in water ionize to yield hydrogen ion (H + ) and a negative ion. e.g.
More informationTopic 9: Acids & Bases
Topic 9: Acids & Bases Regents Chemistry Mr. Mancuso Electrolytes Substances that conduct electricity when Include Ability to conduct electricity is due to the presence of Dissociation: ~ 1 ~ Acids and
More informationAcids and Bases. Acids and Bases in our Lives. Chapter 11
Acids and Bases Chapter 11 Acids and Bases in our Lives Acids and bases are important substance in health, industry, and the environment. One of the most common characteristics of acids is their sour taste.
More information