SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT USING UV-VIS METHOD

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT USING UV-VIS METHOD"

Transcription

1 Test Procedure for SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT USING UV-VIS METHOD TxDOT Designation: Tex-148-E Effective Date: March SCOPE 1.1 This method determines the soil organic content based on the amount of humic acid present in the soil sample by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. 1.2 The values given in parentheses (if provided) are not standard and may not be exact mathematical conversions. Use each system of units separately. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) The process of measuring the soil organic content by the use of UV-Vis absorption properties from soil extracts. 2.2 Cuvette A small, transparent tube of circular or square cross section, sealed at one end, made of glass or fused quartz, and designed to hold sample solution for spectroscopic analysis. 2.3 Filtrate solution Soil and reagents that has passed through a filter. 2.4 Blank Solution that consists of reagents without soil sample. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 UV-Vis spectrometer, capable of measuring at a wavelength of 300 nm. 3.2 Balance, Class G1 in accordance with Tex-901-K, minimum capacity of 300 g. 3.3 Sieves, U.S. Standard No. 4 (4.75 mm) and No. 40 (425 μm). 3.4 Mortar and pestle. 3.5 Crusher. 3.6 Cuvettes (glass or quartz), 1 cm UV-Vis. 3.7 Polypropylene centrifuge tubes, 50 ml. CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 1 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

2 3.8 Luer-lok syringes, 10 ml. 3.9 Syringe filter, 25-mm filter with 0.45-μm polypropylene membrane Graduated cylinder (glass or plastic), 10 ml Lint-free wipes Wash bottles, for distilled or deionized water, hydrochloric acid, and sodium pyrophosphate solutions (minimum of 3) Glass or polyethylene bottles, minimum capacity, 1 L, for storage of hydrochloric acid and sodium pyrophosphate solutions (2 required) Volumetric flasks, 500 ml and 1000 ml Funnel Latex gloves Sample splitter. 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Hydrochloric acid Solution, 37% reagent grade. 4.2 Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate crystal, reagent grade. 4.3 Sodium hydroxide concentrated, reagent grade. 4.4 Standard soil samples with a soil organic content of 0.5, 1.2, and 1.5% Contact the Geotechnical, Soils, and Aggregates Branch of the Construction Division s Materials and Pavements Section to obtain standard soil samples. 5. PROCEDURES 5.1 Preparing Test Sample Obtain a 300-g representative soil sample in accordance with Tex-100-E Air-dry the sample to constant weight. Constant weight is achieved when the weight loss is less than 0.1% of the sample weight in 4 hours of drying. Note 1 Do not oven-dry samples, as this may alter test results Break down the air-dried sample to pass the No. 40 (425-µm) sieve using a mortar and pestle or a suitable mechanical pulverizer with an opening set from to in. (635 to 889 µm). CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 2 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

3 Note 2 When the sample is larger than a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve, a crusher or other suitable means may be used to reduce the particle size to allow it to be placed in a pulverizer. Note 3 If using a pulverizer, break down any material still aggregated in lumps larger than No. 40 (425 µm) with a mortar and pestle Use a sample splitter to split the sample obtained in Section to obtain a 10-g representative sample and weigh to the nearest 0.1 g Use a balance to weigh a 0.10 ± 0.01-g sample and place it in a 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tube Repeat Section to produce 2 additional test samples. 5.2 Preparing Blank and Standard Soil Samples Obtain four 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes and label them appropriately Prepare one sample from each known standard soil sample listed in Section Use a balance to weigh a 0.10 ± 0.01-g sample and place it in one of the 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes labeled in Section Repeat Section to produce one sample of each known standard. 5.3 Preparing Reagents. CAUTION: Use latex gloves when handling solutions and prepared reagents Prepare 1N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using a 500-mL volumetric flask Add 250 ml of distilled or deionized water from a wash bottle to a 500-mL volumetric flask Add ml of 37% reagent grade HCl to the 250 ml of distilled or deionized water in the 500-mL volumetric flask Add additional distilled or deionized water from a wash bottle to fill the flask to the 500-mL mark Pour the solution into a glass or polyethylene bottle Add the solution to a clean, empty wash bottle using a funnel, and label it appropriately Prepare sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate solution (Na 2 P 2 O 7 10H 2 O) using a 1000-mL volumetric flask Add 500 ml of distilled or deionized water from a wash bottle to a 1000-mL volumetric flask. CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 3 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

4 Add 44.6 g of dry reagent Na 2 P 2 O 7 10H 2 O and 10 g of reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the 500 ml of distilled or deionized water in the 1000-mL volumetric flask Add additional distilled or deionized water from a wash bottle to fill the flask to the 1000-mL mark Pour the solution into a glass or polyethylene bottle Add the solution to a clean, empty wash bottle using a funnel, and label it appropriately. 5.4 Extracting Soil Organic Content. CAUTION: Use latex gloves when handling solutions and prepared reagents Measure 5 ml of 1N HCl solution using a graduated cylinder and add to each polypropylene centrifuge tube for the blank, the 3 standard soil samples, and the 3 test samples Vigorously shake the centrifuge tubes of soil and HCl solution by hand for 10 seconds at 1-minute intervals, 5 times Place each centrifuge tube in a centrifuge tube holder after shaking Measure 20 ml of Na 2 P 2 O 7 10H 2 O solution using a graduated cylinder and add to each polypropylene centrifuge tube for the blank, the 3 standard soil samples, and the 3 test samples Vigorously shake the centrifuge tubes by hand for 10 seconds at 1-minute intervals, 5 times Place the centrifuge tubes in a centrifuge tube holder for 10 minutes to allow the soil samples to settle and the air bubbles to dissipate Add approximately 10 ml of the solution from each centrifuge tube to clean 10-mL luer-lok syringes and attach a 0.45-µm syringe filter to each luer-lok syringe. Note 4 Ensure all equipment is clean and free of any residue from previous testing. Use a new syringe filter for each sample including the blank Fill each cuvette using the filtrate solution from Section Measuring Soil Organic Content Prepare the UV-Vis spectrometer for testing according to the manufacturer s guidelines and recommendations Wipe the sides of each cuvette using a lint-free wipe to remove dirt, fingerprints, or any other residue that will obstruct the light beam from passing through the cuvette. CAUTION: Use latex gloves when wiping the sides of the cuvettes. Note 5 Ensure the soil-solutions in the cuvettes are free from bubbles and particulates. CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 4 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

5 Absorbance SOIL ORGANIC CONTENT USING UV-VIS METHOD Place a cuvette into the UV-Vis spectrometer. Note 6 Test the cuvettes in the following order: blank; known standard soil samples 0.5%, 1.2%, and 1.5%; and test samples Test the sample at a wavelength of 300 nm Record the absorbance value from the test Repeat Sections to for each cuvette Plot the soil organic content versus the measured absorbance from the blank and the 3 standard soil samples as shown in Figure Absorbance vs SOC% y = mx + b R 2 = Soil Organic Content (SOC), % Known Standards & Blank Best-fit Line Figure 1 Example of Soil Organic Content (SOC) vs. Absorbance Determine the best-fit line equation and the R-square value for the results plotted in Section Note 7 The minimum R-square value for the best-fit line must be greater than or equal to When the R-square value is less than , prepare and test additional blank and standard soil samples to improve the best-fit line to achieve the minimum R-square value. Note 8 Refer to the manufacturer s guidelines and recommendations for the UV-Vis spectrometer when an R-square value of or greater cannot be achieved Refer to Section 6 and calculate the soil organic content of each test sample using the equation of the best-fit line determined in Section or CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 5 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

6 6. CALCULATIONS 6.1 Calculate the soil organic content of each test sample: SOC = y b m Where: SOC = soil organic content, % y = absorbance m = slope of best fit line b = y intercept 6.2 Record the soil organic content to the nearest tenth, TEST REPORT 7.1 Report the average soil organic content of the unknown soil samples as a percent to the nearest tenth, 0.1. CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 6 6 EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 2016

1. Preliminary qualitative analysis of unknown substances (liquid or solid).

1. Preliminary qualitative analysis of unknown substances (liquid or solid). Name of Procedure: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Suggested Uses: 1. Preliminary qualitative analysis of unknown substances (liquid or solid). 2. Quantitative analysis of known compounds. Apparatus Used to Perform

More information

Tex-620-J, Determining Chloride and Sulfate Contents in Soil

Tex-620-J, Determining Chloride and Sulfate Contents in Soil Contents in Soil Contents: Section 1 Overview...2 Section 2 Sample Preparation...3 Section 3 Ion Chromatography Method...5 Section 4 Wet Chemical Method...9 Section 5 Archived Versions...15 Texas Department

More information

Chapter 12 Tex-617, Determining Chloride in Concrete

Chapter 12 Tex-617, Determining Chloride in Concrete Chapter 12 Tex-617, Determining Chloride in Contents: Section 1 Overview... 12-2 Section 2 Apparatus... 12-3 Section 3 Preparing Solutions... 12-4 Section 4 Procedures... 12-5 Section 5 Calculations...

More information

The Fluorometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in an Aspirin Tablet

The Fluorometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in an Aspirin Tablet The Fluorometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in an Aspirin Tablet Introduction: Fluorescence is the emission of radiation from an atom or polyatomic species after the substance has been exposed

More information

Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method

Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method Introduction A common challenge in chemical kinetics is to determine the rate law for a reaction with multiple reactants.

More information

Experiment 18 - Absorption Spectroscopy and Beer s Law: Analysis of Cu 2+

Experiment 18 - Absorption Spectroscopy and Beer s Law: Analysis of Cu 2+ Experiment 18 - Absorption Spectroscopy and Beer s Law: Analysis of Cu 2+ Many substances absorb light. When light is absorbed, electrons in the ground state are excited to higher energy levels. Colored

More information

Experiment#1 Beer s Law: Absorption Spectroscopy of Cobalt(II)

Experiment#1 Beer s Law: Absorption Spectroscopy of Cobalt(II) : Absorption Spectroscopy of Cobalt(II) OBJECTIVES In successfully completing this lab you will: prepare a stock solution using a volumetric flask; use a UV/Visible spectrometer to measure an absorption

More information

Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents

Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents ECN-0025-1 INTRODUCTION This method is used to determine the concentration of ferrocyanide ion in photoprocessing solution effluents. The ion

More information

Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission

Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 0 chapter Sodium and Potassium Determinations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy 67 S. S. Nielsen (ed.), Food Analysis Laboratory Manual Springer

More information

IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR DURACOR TABLETS

IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR DURACOR TABLETS PAGE 1 OF 8 IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR DURACOR TABLETS PAGE 2 OF 8 PROTOCOL APPROVALS Norvin Pharma Inc. Signature and Date Author Analytical Laboratory Approver Analytical Laboratory Group Leader Approver

More information

Procedure for the Determination of Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon

Procedure for the Determination of Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Procedure for the Determination of Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Overview: Steve Culman, Mark Freeman, Sieglinde Snapp Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060

More information

Aspirin Synthesis H 3 PO 4

Aspirin Synthesis H 3 PO 4 Aspirin Synthesis Experiment 10 Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow

More information

Diquat 1,1 -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridium dibromide salt Paraquat 1,1 -dimethyl-4,4 -bipyridium dichloride salt Initial Preparation

Diquat 1,1 -ethylene-2,2 -bipyridium dibromide salt Paraquat 1,1 -dimethyl-4,4 -bipyridium dichloride salt Initial Preparation EPA Method 549.2 Revision 1.0 Determination of Diquat and Paraquat in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection* UCT Products: ENVIRO-CLEAN

More information

Experiment 24. Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET)

Experiment 24. Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) Methods of pollution control and waste management Experiment 24 Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) Manual Department of Chemical Technology The aim of this experiment is to gain knowledge

More information

INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL

INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 19/Rev. 4 2017 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org

More information

Soil Sample Preparation Protocol (Modified from Faegri and Iversen 1 ; Moore and Webb 2 protocols)

Soil Sample Preparation Protocol (Modified from Faegri and Iversen 1 ; Moore and Webb 2 protocols) Soil Sample Preparation Protocol (Modified from Faegri and Iversen 1 ; Moore and Webb 2 protocols) Materials Sediment samples Volumetric sampler Metal spatula Permanent marker 15 ml Conical centrifuge

More information

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Arsenic Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-105-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes

More information

Chemistry 151 Last Updated Dec Lab 8: Precipitation Reactions and Limiting Reagents

Chemistry 151 Last Updated Dec Lab 8: Precipitation Reactions and Limiting Reagents Chemistry 151 Last Updated Dec. 2013 Lab 8: Precipitation Reactions and Limiting Reagents Introduction In this lab you will perform a simple precipitation reaction between strontium nitrate and potassium

More information

RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION

RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION Rate Law Determination of Crystal Violet Hydroxylation Revised 5/22/12 RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION Adapted from "Chemistry with Computers" Vernier Software, Portland OR, 1997

More information

Cadmium Reduction Method Method to 0.50 mg/l NO 3 N (LR) Powder Pillows

Cadmium Reduction Method Method to 0.50 mg/l NO 3 N (LR) Powder Pillows Nitrate DOC316.53.01067 Cadmium Reduction Method Method 8192 0.01 to 0.50 mg/l NO 3 N (LR) Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific

More information

Exp 03 - Reaction Rate

Exp 03 - Reaction Rate GENERAL CHEMISTRY II CAÑADA COLLEGE SUMMER 2018 Exp 03 - Reaction Rate How the speed at which quantities change during a chemical reaction can be measured, predicted and used to understand the mechanism

More information

RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION

RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION Rate Law Determination of Crystal Violet Hydroxylation Revised 10/21/14 RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION Adapted from "Chemistry with Computers" Vernier Software, Portland OR, 1997

More information

2014 NJIT RET Program. MODULE TOPIC: Two Methods of Determining the Concentration of Soluble Compounds or Analytes..

2014 NJIT RET Program. MODULE TOPIC: Two Methods of Determining the Concentration of Soluble Compounds or Analytes.. NJIT RET Summer program 2014 Lesson Module 2014 NJIT RET Program MODULE TOPIC: Two Methods of Determining the Concentration of Soluble Compounds or Analytes.. LESSON ONE TOPIC: Colorimetric Analysis of

More information

Technical Procedure for Concentration Determination of Methamphetamine in Liquids via HPLC

Technical Procedure for Concentration Determination of Methamphetamine in Liquids via HPLC Technical Procedure for Concentration Determination of 1.0 Purpose This procedure specifies the required elements for the preparation and use of the Agilent 1100/1200 series High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

More information

Determination of an Equilibrium Constant

Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Last updated 1/29/2014 - GES Learning Objectives Students will be able to: Determine the numerical value of an equilibrium constant from measured concentrations of all reaction species. Use an absorption

More information

Experiment 7A ANALYSIS OF BRASS

Experiment 7A ANALYSIS OF BRASS Experiment 7A ANALYSIS OF BRASS FV 10/21/10 MATERIALS: Spectronic 20 spectrophotometers, 2 cuvettes, brass sample, 7 M HNO 3, 0.100 M CuSO 4, 2 M NH 3, two 50 ml beakers, 100 ml beaker, two 25 ml volumetric

More information

The Thermodynamics of the Solubility of Borax

The Thermodynamics of the Solubility of Borax Experiment 10 Pre-Lab Assignment Before coming to lab: Read the lab thoroughly. Answer the pre-lab questions that appear at the end of this lab exercise. The questions should be answered on a separate

More information

LEAD (Colorimetric) 2. Muffle Furnace: Equipped with pyrometer and capable of operating at controlled temperatures up to 500 C

LEAD (Colorimetric) 2. Muffle Furnace: Equipped with pyrometer and capable of operating at controlled temperatures up to 500 C LEADX.01-1 LEAD (Colorimetric) PRINCIPLE SCOPE Organic matter in the sample is destroyed by ignition in the presence of sulfuric acid. The residue is dissolved in dilute acid, and the lead is complexed

More information

Chapter 9. Volumetric Analysis

Chapter 9. Volumetric Analysis Chapter 9 Volumetric Analysis The terms volumetric analysis, titrimetry and titration are used interchangeably to describe a procedure which analyses chemicals in solution by accurate volume measurement.

More information

Determination of Orthophosphate Ion

Determination of Orthophosphate Ion Determination of Orthophosphate Ion Introduction Phosphorous, in the form of phosphate, is one of several important elements in the growth of plants. Excessive algae growth in water is stimulated by the

More information

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Fluorides Former numbering: ECSS/CN 311-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-110-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes

More information

ASTM Designation: D Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon

ASTM Designation: D Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon ASTM Designation: D4607-94 Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Number of Activated Carbon 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative activation level of unused

More information

Experiment 13. Dilutions and Data Handling in a Spreadsheet rev 1/2013

Experiment 13. Dilutions and Data Handling in a Spreadsheet rev 1/2013 Absorbance Experiment 13 Dilutions and Data Handling in a Spreadsheet rev 1/2013 GOAL: This lab experiment will provide practice in making dilutions using pipets and introduce basic spreadsheet skills

More information

Colorimetric Method Method to 0.70 mg/l Ag Powder Pillows

Colorimetric Method Method to 0.70 mg/l Ag Powder Pillows Silver DOC316.53.01134 Colorimetric Method Method 8120 0.02 to 0.70 mg/l Ag Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information Table 1 shows

More information

TESTING of AGGREGATES for CONCRETE

TESTING of AGGREGATES for CONCRETE TESTING of AGGREGATES for CONCRETE The properties of the aggregates affect both the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. It is crucial to know the properties of the aggregates to be used in the making

More information

SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS

SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS Department of Sustainable Natural Resources SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS ABBREVIATED NAME PSA TEST NUMBER P7 TEST METHOD TYPE B VERSION NUMBER 3 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Version

More information

Citric Acid Analysis L-6-1. MOISTURE (Karl Fischer)

Citric Acid Analysis L-6-1. MOISTURE (Karl Fischer) Citric Acid Analysis L-6-1 MOISTURE (Karl Fischer) PRINCIPLE SCOPE The sample is dissolved in a mixture of methanol and formamide (50:50 v/v) and then titrated with standardized Karl Fischer reagent. The

More information

Cl 2(g) + NaCl + H 2 O. light. 2Cl. Once formed, the chlorine radical can react with the heptane as shown below: + Cl

Cl 2(g) + NaCl + H 2 O. light. 2Cl. Once formed, the chlorine radical can react with the heptane as shown below: + Cl Experiment Free Radical Chlorination of Heptane In today s experiment, you will be chlorinating n-heptane with chlorine atoms (radicals) to form monochlorination products of that alkane. You will analyze

More information

--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.

--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009. Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.17-2014 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD OF GB THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA National Food Safety Standard-Determination

More information

T 282. WORKING GROUP CHAIRMAN Junyong Zhu SUBJECT

T 282. WORKING GROUP CHAIRMAN Junyong Zhu SUBJECT NOTICE: This is a DRAFT of a TAPPI Standard in ballot. Although available for public viewing, it is still under TAPPI s copyright and may not be reproduced or distributed without permission of TAPPI. This

More information

Chemistry 213. A KINETIC STUDY: REACTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH NaOH LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Chemistry 213. A KINETIC STUDY: REACTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH NaOH LEARNING OBJECTIVES Chemistry 213 A KINETIC STUDY: REACTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH NaOH The objectives of this experiment are to... LEARNING OBJECTIVES study the reaction rate of crystal violet with NaOH using a Spectronic

More information

Measurements with Ion Selective Electrodes: Determination of Fluoride in Toothpaste

Measurements with Ion Selective Electrodes: Determination of Fluoride in Toothpaste Experiment ISE: Measurements with Ion Selective Electrodes: Determination of Fluoride in Toothpaste 67 You have been hired by the government to check the fluoride concentration labelling on some major

More information

GRIGNARD REACTION Synthesis of Benzoic Acid

GRIGNARD REACTION Synthesis of Benzoic Acid 1 GRIGNARD REACTION Synthesis of Benzoic Acid In the 1920 s, the first survey of the acceleration of chemical transformations by ultrasound was published. Since then, many more applications of ultrasound

More information

Synthesis of Benzoic Acid

Synthesis of Benzoic Acid E x p e r i m e n t 5 Synthesis of Benzoic Acid Objectives To use the Grignard reagent in a water free environment. To react the Grignard reagent with dry ice, CO 2(s). To assess the purity of the product

More information

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Absorbance Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction The goal of this lab is to determine the unknown concentration of two different copper solution samples, taken from fictitious

More information

CHEM 334 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory

CHEM 334 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory The Methods of Calibration Curve and Standard Addition Introduction One of the principle activities in the Quantitative Analysis Laboratory is the measurement of the concentration or total quantity of

More information

Tetraphenylborate Method Method to 7.0 mg/l K Powder Pillows

Tetraphenylborate Method Method to 7.0 mg/l K Powder Pillows Potassium DOC316.53.01127 Tetraphenylborate Method Method 8049 0.1 to 7.0 mg/l K Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information

More information

Colorimetric analysis of aspirin content in a commercial tablet

Colorimetric analysis of aspirin content in a commercial tablet Colorimetric analysis of aspirin content in a commercial tablet v010214 Objective In this lab, you will prepare standard solutions, and use Beer s Law to construct a calibration curve. You will determine

More information

Corn Sugar (crude & refined) Analysis F MOISTURE (Karl Fischer)

Corn Sugar (crude & refined) Analysis F MOISTURE (Karl Fischer) Corn Sugar (crude & refined) Analysis F-32-1 MOISTURE (Karl Fischer) PRINCIPLE SCOPE The sugar sample is dissolved in a mixture of methanol and formamide (50:50 v/v) and then titrated with standardized

More information

Chemical Reactions: The Copper Cycle

Chemical Reactions: The Copper Cycle 1 Chemical Reactions: The Copper Cycle ORGANIZATION Mode: pairs assigned by instructor Grading: lab notes, lab performance and post-lab report Safety: Goggles, closed-toe shoes, lab coat, long pants/skirts

More information

Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetry, salicylate-hypochlorite, automated-segmented flow

Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetry, salicylate-hypochlorite, automated-segmented flow 1. Application Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetry, salicylate-hypochlorite, automated-segmented flow Parameters and Codes: Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved, I-2522-90 (mg/l as N): 00608 Nitrogen, ammonia, total-in-bottom-material,

More information

Determination of Orthophosphate Ion

Determination of Orthophosphate Ion Determination of Orthophosphate Ion Introduction Phosphorous, in the form of phosphate, is one of several important elements in the growth of plants. Excessive algae growth in water is stimulated by the

More information

Rate Law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction. Evaluation copy

Rate Law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction. Evaluation copy Rate Law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Computer 30 In this experiment, you will observe the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. One objective is to study the relationship

More information

Carbonate content. SCAN-N 32:98 Revised White, green and black liquors and burnt lime sludge

Carbonate content. SCAN-N 32:98 Revised White, green and black liquors and burnt lime sludge Revised 1998 White, green and black liquors and burnt lime sludge Carbonate content 0 Introduction This SCAN-test Method replaces SCAN-N 32:88 from which it differs in that it, in addition to white and

More information

SPECIALIZED LABORATORY of pharmaceuticals manufacturing

SPECIALIZED LABORATORY of pharmaceuticals manufacturing SPECIALIZED LABORATORY of pharmaceuticals manufacturing Department of organic technology (111) Solid dosage forms testing: Dissolution test Supervisors: Laboratory location: S25b Introduction Ensuring

More information

Chloride, HR, Direct Measurement ISE Method Method g/l to 35 g/l Cl Powder Pillow ISA

Chloride, HR, Direct Measurement ISE Method Method g/l to 35 g/l Cl Powder Pillow ISA , 10255 DOC316.53.01322 Direct Measurement ISE Method Method 10255 3.55 g/l to 35 g/l Cl Powder Pillow ISA Scope and Application: For the determination of high concentrations (1 M) of chloride in brine

More information

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Introduction This experiment illustrates how titration, the process of slowly adding one solution to another until the reaction between the two is complete,

More information

Nitrogen, Total Inorganic

Nitrogen, Total Inorganic Nitrogen, Total Inorganic DOC316.53.01090 Titanium Trichloride Reduction Method Method 10021 0.2 to 25.0 mg/l N Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation

More information

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction The goal of this lab is to determine the unknown concentration of two different copper solution samples, taken from fictitious mining sites

More information

TOP:018.7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service TECHNICAL OPERATING PROCEDURE

TOP:018.7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service TECHNICAL OPERATING PROCEDURE TOP:018.7 January 31, 2014 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marquette Biological Station 3090 Wright Street Marquette, Michigan 49855 U.S.A. and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ludington Biological Station

More information

Spectrophotometry Materials

Spectrophotometry Materials Spectrophotometry Materials Item per Class per Bench Genesys 10UV Spectrophotometer 6 1 13 ml test tubes box 7 Test tube racks 6 1 1% Albumin solution 25 ml/one flask 2 ml 0.7% Albumin solution (unknown

More information

Part II. Cu(OH)2(s) CuO(s)

Part II. Cu(OH)2(s) CuO(s) The Copper Cycle Introduction In this experiment, you will carry out a series of reactions starting with copper metal. This will give you practice handling chemical reagents and making observations. It

More information

Skill Building Activity 2 Determining the Concentration of a Species using a Vernier Spectrometer

Skill Building Activity 2 Determining the Concentration of a Species using a Vernier Spectrometer Skill Building Activity 2 Determining the Concentration of a Species using a Vernier Spectrometer Purpose To use spectroscopy to prepare a Beer s Law plot of known dilutions of copper(ii) sulfate so that

More information

Determining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law

Determining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law Determining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the concentration of an unknown cobalt (II) chloride solution. You will use a Vernier SpectroVis

More information

Mercury, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nameless, direct

Mercury, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nameless, direct 1. Application Mercury, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, nameless, direct Parameter and Code: Mercury, total, I-6463-86 (µg/g as Hg): none assigned 1.1 This method is used to analyze

More information

Chemistry 119: Experiment 6. Sampling and Analysis of a Solid Drain Cleaner

Chemistry 119: Experiment 6. Sampling and Analysis of a Solid Drain Cleaner Chemistry 119: Experiment 6 Sampling and Analysis of a Solid Drain Cleaner An important factor in any analysis is the collection of the sample. How this is done depends upon the use to which the analytical

More information

Investigating Transition Metal Complexes

Investigating Transition Metal Complexes Exercise 4 Investigating Transition Metal Complexes 4 Introduction Colour is a well known property of the transition metals. The colour produced as parts of the visible spectrum are due to electron transitions

More information

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES PAGE: 1 of 7 CONTENTS 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 2.0 METHOD SUMMARY 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, CONTAINERS, HANDLING AND STORAGE 4.0 INTERFERENCES AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS 5.0 EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS 6.0 REAGENTS

More information

AP Chemistry Lab #5- Synthesis and Analysis of Alum (Big Idea 1 & 2)

AP Chemistry Lab #5- Synthesis and Analysis of Alum (Big Idea 1 & 2) www.pedersenscience.com AP Chemistry Lab #5- Synthesis and Analysis of Alum (Big Idea 1 & 2) 1.A.1: Molecules are composed of specific combinations of atoms; different molecules are composed of combinations

More information

Product Safety Reference Manual. Book 5 - Laboratory Policies and Procedures C

Product Safety Reference Manual. Book 5 - Laboratory Policies and Procedures C Book 5 - Laboratory Policies and Procedures C03-1 2009-06-15 1 Scope 1.1 This method describes a general procedure for the determination of leachable arsenic, selenium, cadmium, antimony, and barium in

More information

Chemistry CP Lab: Additivity of Heats of Reaction (Hess Law)

Chemistry CP Lab: Additivity of Heats of Reaction (Hess Law) Chemistry CP Lab: Additivity of Heats of Reaction (Hess Law) Name: Date: The formation or destruction of chemical bonds is always accompanied by an energy exchange between the reactant molecules and the

More information

The Synthesis and Analysis of Aspirin

The Synthesis and Analysis of Aspirin The Synthesis and Analysis of Aspirin Computer 22 Aspirin, the ubiquitous pain reliever, goes by the chemical name acetylsalicylic acid. One of the compounds used in the synthesis of aspirin is salicylic

More information

Zearalenone Plate Kit PN 53018B

Zearalenone Plate Kit PN 53018B Zearalenone Plate Kit PN 53018B INTENDED USE The Abraxis Zearalenone Plate Kit is a competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of zearalenone in corn, corn meal, corn germ meal, corn gluten meal and

More information

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Total Mercury Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-106-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes

More information

Studies of a Precipitation Reaction

Studies of a Precipitation Reaction Studies of a Precipitation Reaction Prelab Assignment Read the entire lab. Write an objective and any hazards associated with this lab in your laboratory notebook. Answer the following 6 questions in your

More information

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Introduction This experiment illustrates how titration, the process of slowly adding one solution to another until the reaction between the two is complete,

More information

Instrumental Technique: Cuvette. Md Rabiul Islam

Instrumental Technique: Cuvette. Md Rabiul Islam Instrumental Technique: Cuvette Md Rabiul Islam 16-7-2016 What is cuvette? A cuvette is a small tube of circular or square cross section, sealed at one end, made of plastic, glass, or fused quartz (for

More information

METHOD 7B - DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES (ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD)

METHOD 7B - DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES (ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD) 683 METHOD 7B - DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES (ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD) NOTE: This method does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and

More information

Test Method: CPSC-CH-E

Test Method: CPSC-CH-E UNITED STATES CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION DIRECTORATE FOR LABORATORY SCIENCES DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY 10901 DARNESTOWN RD GAITHERSBURG, MD 20878 Test Method: CPSC-CH-E1001-08 Standard Operating Procedure

More information

MORE LIGHTS, COLOR, ABSORPTION!

MORE LIGHTS, COLOR, ABSORPTION! Name Partner(s) Section Date MORE LIGHTS, COLOR, ABSORPTION! PRE-LAB QUERIES 1. The terms absorption and transmittance are often used when describing the interaction of light with matter. Explain what

More information

Annex 2 Formaldehyde

Annex 2 Formaldehyde Annex 2 Formaldehyde The 2 methods are analytical procedures for the determination of formaldehyde CH2O, PM/Ref. No 17260, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) C6H12N4, PM/Ref. No 18670, in food simulants

More information

MEASUREMENT: PART II

MEASUREMENT: PART II 1 MEASUREMENT: PART II Copyright: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, 2013. INTRODUCTION Read and/or review Section 1.7 and Figure 7.5 in your textbook. The first part

More information

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Chemistry 102 10 Chemical reactions occur to reach a state of equilibrium. The equilibrium state can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium

More information

Synthesis and Analysis of a Coordination Compound

Synthesis and Analysis of a Coordination Compound Synthesis and Analysis of a Coordination Compound In addition to forming salts with anions, transition metal cations can also associate with neutral molecules (and ions) through a process called ligation.

More information

# 12 ph-titration of Strong Acids with Strong Bases

# 12 ph-titration of Strong Acids with Strong Bases # 12 ph-titration of Strong Acids with Strong Bases Purpose: A strong acid solution is titrated with a strong base solution. A titration curve is then used to determine the endpoint and find the concentration

More information

The analysis of organic acid content of additives, premix, feed, and water.

The analysis of organic acid content of additives, premix, feed, and water. The analysis of organic acid content of additives, premix, feed, and water. Contents Foreword Introduction Warnings 1. Scope 2 1.1 LOD and LOQ 3 2. Normative References 3 3. Definitions 3 3.1 Feed (or

More information

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore

Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Using a Buret and Volumetric Flask: 2.06 ml of solution delivered 2.47 ml of solution delivered 50.00 ml Volumetric Flask Reading a buret: Burets are

More information

Experiment 7. Determining the Rate Law and Activation Energy for the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Hydroxide Ion

Experiment 7. Determining the Rate Law and Activation Energy for the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Hydroxide Ion Experiment 7. Determining the Rate Law and Activation Energy for the Reaction of Introduction In this experiment, you will observe the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. Crystal violet

More information

CHM Salicylic Acid Properties (r16) 1/11

CHM Salicylic Acid Properties (r16) 1/11 CHM 111 - Salicylic Acid Properties (r16) 1/11 Purpose In this lab, you will perform several tests to attempt to confirm the identity and assess the purity of the substance you synthesized in last week's

More information

EXPERIMENT THREE THE CANNIZARO REACTION: THE DISPROPORTIONATION OF BENZALDEHYDE

EXPERIMENT THREE THE CANNIZARO REACTION: THE DISPROPORTIONATION OF BENZALDEHYDE EXPERIMENT THREE THE CANNIZARO REACTION: THE DISPROPORTIONATION OF BENZALDEHYDE H C O HO C O H H C OH KOH 2x + DISCUSSION In planning the laboratory schedule, it should be observed that this experiment

More information

For this lab, you will determine the purity of the aspirin by titration and by spectrophotometric analysis.

For this lab, you will determine the purity of the aspirin by titration and by spectrophotometric analysis. Introduction: ommercially prepared aspirin tablets are not considered 100% pure acetylsalicylic acid. Most aspirin tablets contain a small amount of binder which helps prevent the tablets from crumbling.

More information

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets

Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Ascorbic Acid Titration of Vitamin C Tablets Part A. Preparation of Vitamin C Tablet Solutions 1. Obtain two vitamin C tablets. Place a plastic weighing boat on the balance, and press zero to tare the

More information

Supernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs.

Supernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs. Limiting Reagent Introduction The quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction represented by a balanced equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. Solution stoichiometry is

More information

Spectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant

Spectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Spectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant v021214 Objective To determine the equilibrium constant (K c ) for the reaction of iron (III) ion with thiocyanate (SCN - ) to form the thiocyanatoiron(iii)

More information

METHOD 3010A ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS FOR TOTAL METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY FLAA OR ICP SPECTROSCOPY

METHOD 3010A ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS FOR TOTAL METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY FLAA OR ICP SPECTROSCOPY METHOD 3010A ACID DIGESTION OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES AND EXTRACTS FOR TOTAL METALS FOR ANALYSIS BY FLAA OR ICP SPECTROSCOPY 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 This digestion procedure is used for the preparation

More information

RAPID KJELDAHL BENCHNOTES

RAPID KJELDAHL BENCHNOTES RAPID KJELDAHL BENCHNOTES Methodology for the Determination of Alcohol in a Mixture by Direct Distillation with the RapidStill II Principle: This method covers the determination of percent alcohol in distilled

More information

Experiment #10: Analysis of Antacids

Experiment #10: Analysis of Antacids Experiment #10: Analysis of Antacids Purpose: In this experiment you will prepare one solution that is approximately 0.1 M NaOH. Then you will standardize this solution, which means that you will experimentally

More information

Dimethylglyoxime Method Method to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856

Dimethylglyoxime Method Method to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856 Nickel DOC316.53.01065 Dimethylglyoxime Method Method 10220 0.1 to 6.0 mg/l Ni TNTplus 856 Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information Table 1 shows

More information

TITRATION OF AN ACID WITH A BASE

TITRATION OF AN ACID WITH A BASE TITRATION OF AN ACID WITH A BASE 1 NOTE: You are required to view the podcast entitled Use of Burets for Titrations before coming to lab this week. To view the podcast, consisting of eight episodes, go

More information

Stoichiometry ( ) ( )

Stoichiometry ( ) ( ) Stoichiometry Outline 1. Molar Calculations 2. Limiting Reactants 3. Empirical and Molecular Formula Calculations Review 1. Molar Calculations ( ) ( ) ( ) 6.02 x 10 23 particles (atoms or molecules) /

More information