Research Article Ultrasonic Investigations of Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexanone with Isomers of Butanol

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1 Applied Chemistry, Article ID , 11 pages esearch Article Ultrasonic Investigations of Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexanone with Isomers of Butanol Sk. Md Nayeem, 1 M. Kondaiah, 2 K. Sreekanth, 3 and D. Krishna ao 4 1 Department of Physics, KK Government Degree College, Addanki , India 2 Department of Physics, NM Government Degree College, Jogipet, Medak District, Telangana, India 3 Department of Physics, PBN College, Nidubrolu, Guntur District, India 4 Department of Physics, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar , India Correspondence should be addressed to D. Krishna ao; krdhanekula@yahoo.co.in eceived 11 August 2014; evised 21 October 2014; Accepted 3 November 2014; Published 18 December 2014 Academic Editor: Parsotam H. Parsania Copyright 2014 Sk. Md Nayeem et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ultrasonic speed, u, anddensity, ρ, have been measured in binary liquid mixtures of cyclohexanone with the isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol) at K over the entire range of composition. Molar volume (V m ), adiabatic compressibility (k s ), intermolecular free length (L f ), acoustic impedance (z), and their excess/deviation along with Δu have been calculated from the experimental data. These values have been fitted to edlich-kister type polynomial equation. Positive values of V E m, Δk s, L E f and negative values of ze, Δu have been observed for all the liquid mixtures indicating the existence of weak interactions between components. upture of H-bond or reduction in H-bond strength of isomers of butanol or breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution causes the existence of dispersions in the present investigated binary mixtures. The data obtained from V m,1, V m,2, and excess partial molar volumes V E m,1, VE m,2, reflects the inferences drawn from VE m. Furthermore, FTI spectra support the conclusions drawn from excess/deviation properties. The measured values of ultrasonic speed for all the investigated mixtures have been compared with the theoretically estimated values using empirical relations such as, Nomoto, Van Dael and Vangeels, Impedance and ao specific sound speed. 1. Introduction Ultrasonic measurements are very useful in chemical and food processing, pharmaceuticals, material testing, and underwater ranging and cleaning and are also commonly employed in mechanical machinery of materials [1], preparation of colloids or emulsions, the pregermination of seeds, imaging of biological tissues [2], activation energy of metabolic process [3], formation and destruction of azeotropes in petrochemical industries [4], and nondestructive testing (NDT). Alcohols are self-associated organic liquids, used for the synthesis of other organic compounds. They are also widely usedascouplinganddispersingagentsinthechemical, pharmaceutical, and household industries and as carrier and extraction solvents for natural products. Cyclohexanone and its derivatives are used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, pesticides, plasticizers, and rubber chemicals. Ketones are a class of an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group and two aliphatic or aromatic substituents containing the chemical formula CO 1 (general chemical formula of Ketones). The chemical reactivity of the carbonyl groupplaysvitalroleinchemicalreactionsandisinfluenced considerably by steric effects. The greater electronegativity of O and high dipole moment value make Cyclohexanone polar. Scheme 1 illustratesthispolarity.furtherthepresence of oxygen with its nonbonding electron pairs makes cyclohexanone H-bond acceptors. Thus a study on thermophysical properties data of binary liquid mixtures containing ketones has attracted considerable interest in the literature [5 9]. Literature survey reveals that Tsierkezos et al. [10]studied molecular interactions in cyclohexanone with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol at K and Sri Lakshmi et al. [11] studied molecular interactions in

2 2 Applied Chemistry C + O C O esonance structure Scheme 1 cyclohexanone with n-heptanol, n-octanol, and isooctanol at temperatures , , , and K over the entire range of composition. Keeping these important aspects in mind, the present study deals with ultrasonic and thermodynamic study of cyclohexanone (CH) with the isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol) at K. The liquids under investigation have been chosen on the basis of their multifold applications. 2. Experimental Section High purity analytical reagent (A) grade compounds of cyclohexanone (mass fraction purity > 99%) and n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol (mass fraction purity > 99.5%) obtained from S D Fine Chemicals are used in the present study. The chemicals are further purified by standard methods mentioned in [12, 13]. The weighing of solutions has been made using METTLE TOLEDO (Switzerland make) ABB5- S/FACT digital balance with an accuracy of ±0.01 mg. The uncertainty in the mole fraction is The ultrasonic speeds of pure liquids and liquid mixtures have been measured using an ultrasonic interferometer (Mittal type, Model F-82) working at 2 MHz fixed frequency with an accuracy of ±0.2%. The temperature of liquid sample in the interferometer cell is maintained constant by circulating water pumped from constant temperature water bath. In the present study the constant temperature water bath (digital electronic) supplied by Concord Instruments Co. Ltd., Chennai (AAGA type), has been used. The instrument can maintain temperature to ±0.01Kasperitsspecifications. Densities of pure liquids and their mixtures have been determined by using a 5 cm 3 two-stem double-walled Parker & Parker type pycnometer [15]. This pycnometer is calibrated with triply distilled water. The pycnometer filled with air bubble free experimental liquids was kept in a transparent walled constant temperature bath for 20 to 30 min to attain thermalequilibrium.thepositionsoftheliquidlevelsinthe two arms are recorded with the help of traveling microscope. At least three to four measurements are performed, from which an average value of density of the experimental liquid is determined. The estimated accuracy in the density measurement is 3 in 10 5 parts. The ultrasonic speeds, u, and densities, ρ, measured at K for the pure liquids used in this investigation are compiled in Table 1 together with the literature data [11, 14] available. These results are in good agreement with the reported data. 3. Theory Thermodynamic and acoustical parameters such as molar volume (V m ), adiabatic compressibility (k s ), intermolecular Table 1: Comparison of experimental values of density, ρ, and ultrasonic speed, u, of pure liquids with the corresponding literature values at K. ρ/(kg m 3 ) u/(m s 1 ) Liquid Present Literature Present Literature work work Cyclohexanone [11] [11] n-butanol [14] [14] sec-butanol [14] [14] tert-butanol [14] [14] free length (L f ), and acoustic impedance (z) areevaluated using the relations given below: V m = M eff ρ, (1) where M eff is given by M eff =( M 1 +x 2 M 2 ),wherem 1 and M 2 arethemolarmassesofpurecomponents,andρ is the density of the liquid mixture. The speed of sound (u) and the density of the medium (ρ) arerelatedbyusingnewtonandlaplaceequationas k s = 1 ρu 2, L f =Kk 1/2 s. Here K is the temperature dependent constant which is equal to K = ( T) 10 8 where T is absolute temperature. Consider (2) z=uρ. (3) In order to understand the nature of the molecular interactions between the components of the liquid mixtures, it is of interest to discuss the same in terms of excess parameters rather than actual values. Nonideal liquid mixtures show considerable deviation from linearity in their concentrations and this has been interpreted to arise from the presence of strong or weak interactions. The difference between the properties of the real mixtures (Y real ) and those corresponding to ideal mixture (Y ideal = x i Y i )values,namely,excessproperties(y E ), such as excess molar volume (V E m ), free length (LE f ), acoustic impedance (z E ),anddeviationsinultrasonicspeed(δu), is computed by the relation Y E =Y real x i Y i, (4) where Y E =V E m,le f,ze and Δu; x i is the mole fraction and Y i is the value of the property of the ith component liquid of mixture. The deviation in adiabatic compressibility (Δk s )hasbeen calculated from the equation Δk s =k s (Φ 1 k s1 +Φ 2 k s2 ), (5)

3 Applied Chemistry 3 where Φ 1,Φ 2,andk s1,k s2 are the volume fractions and adiabatic compressibilities of components 1 and 2, respectively. Since k s is not additive on mole fraction but is additive on volume fraction, such values are calculated using volume fraction (Φ): Φ i = x iv i. (6) x i V i The experimentally measured values of ultrasonic speed (u) and density (ρ) and calculated properties of molar volume (V m ), adiabatic compressibility (k s ), intermolecular free length (L f ), and acoustic impedance (z)andexcess/deviation thermodynamic properties V E m, LE f, ze, Δu, andδk s are presented in Table 2 for all binary systems over the entire composition range of CH. The excess/deviation properties have been fitted to a edlich-kister type polynomial equation [16] Y E n = x 2 A i (x 2 ) i, (7) i=0 where Y E =V E m,le f,ze,δuand Δk s ; isthemolefractionof the solute. The values of Δk s have been fitted to edlich-kister type polynomial with volume fraction instead of mole fraction in the above polynomial and A i are the adjustable parameters ofthefunctionandaredeterminedusingtheleastsquare method. In the present investigation i values are taken from 0 to 4. The corresponding standard deviation σ(y E ) was calculated using the expression (Y E σ(y E exp )=[ YE cal )2 ] (m n) [ ] 1/2, (8) where m is the total number of experimental points and n is the number of coefficients in (7). Thecalculatedvaluesof the coefficients A i alongwiththestandarddeviations(σ)have been presented in Table esults and Discussion Figure 1 represents the variation of excess molar volume (V E m ) with mole fraction of CH. The sign of V E m depends upon the contraction and expansion of volume of the liquids due to mixing. The factors that are mainly responsible for the expansion of molar volume, that is, positive values of V E m,are the following: (i) breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution, that is, the loss of dipolar association between the molecules (dispersion forces); (ii) H- bond rupture and stretching of self-associated molecules (like alcohols); (iii) the geometry of molecular structures which doesnotfavourthefittingofmoleculesofonecomponent into void space of another molecule; (iv) steric hindrance of themolecules.thenegativevaluesofv E m are due to the (i) association of molecules through the formation of hydrogen bond, that is, strong specific interactions, and (ii) accommodation of molecules because of large differences in their V E m (10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) Figure 1: Variation of excess molar volume, V E m, with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), sec-butanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K and Tsierkezos et al. [10] for cyclohexanone + 1-butanol (dotted lines) at K. molar volumes. In other words, V E m arises due to the result of physical, chemical, and structural contributions. Physical interactions involving mainly nonspecific interactions such as dispersion or weak forces (breaking of the liquid order on mixing, i.e., loss of dipolar association between the molecules) contribute to positive V E m.thechemicalorspecific interactions such as complex formation and hydrogen bond formation between constituent molecules contribute to negative V E m. The structural effects arise from interstitial accommodation due to the difference in the molar volumes and free volumes between the liquid components on mixing contributing to negative V E m [17]. The variation of VE m is found tobepositiveovertheentirecompositionrangeinthepresent investigation which indicates that weak forces exist. Sri Lakshmi et al. [11]reportedsimilarresultsinCHwithn-heptanol, n-octanol, and iso-octanol at temperatures of , , , and K. The V E m data obtained by Tsierkezos et al. [10] for CH + 1-butanol binary system are negative at K whereas in our investigations they are found to be positive when performed at K. Such behaviour may arise due to the fact that as temperature increases the effective collision between the component molecules increases. Thus larger number of free dipoles of component molecules may be available due to declusttering of molecules in the pure state. The nature of interaction in binary liquids can be analysed by knowing their chemical and physical properties (physicochemical properties). Generally, butanols are associated through the hydrogen bonding as shown below and in the pure state, they exhibit equilibrium between the monomer andmultimerspecies.also,theycanbeassociatedwith any other groups having some degree of polar attractions. As discussed earlier, butanol exhibits strong intermolecular interactions (H-bond). Alcohol size, chain length, and physical properties (boiling point, density, hydrophobic property, viscosity, insolubility, and refractive index) are important parameters that must be taken into account to explain the behaviour of the interactions (Scheme 2). CH is a polar molecule because of the presence of carbonyl group (C=O); this is due to the fact that oxygen is more electronegative (O )thancarbon(c + ). Thus they

4 4 Applied Chemistry Table 2: Experimental values of densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u,molarvolume,v m, adiabatic compressibility, k s, intermolecular free length, L f, acoustic impedance, z, and excess/deviation properties V E m, LE f, ze, Δu,andΔk s for all binary systems with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone at K. x ρ/(kg m 3 ) u/(m s 1 ) V /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) k /(10 10 Pa 1 ) L /(10 10 m) z/(10 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) V E /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) Δk /(10 10 Pa 1 ) L E /(10 10 m) z E /(10 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) Δu/(m s 1 ) CH + n-butanol CH + sec-butanol CH + tert-butanol

5 Applied Chemistry 5 Table 3: Coefficients A i of edlich-kister type polynomial equation (7) and the corresponding standard deviations, σ,ofallthesystemsat K. A 0 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 σ CH + n-butanol V E m /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) Δk s /(10 10 Pa 1 ) L E f /(10 10 m) z E /(10 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) Δu/(ms 1 ) CH + sec-butanol V E m /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) Δk s /(10 10 Pa 1 ) L E f /(10 10 m) z E /(10 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) Δu/(ms 1 ) CH + tert-butanol V E m /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) Δk s /(10 10 Pa 1 ) L E f /(10 10 m) z E /(10 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) Δu/(ms 1 ) O H O H O H Structure of alcohol C Scheme 2 O H + esonance structure Scheme 3 cause strong dipole-dipole interactions in chemical reactions. Moreover CH lacks hydroxyl groups, so it is incapable of creating intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In CH + isomers of butanol binary systems, the negatively charged oxygen (O )inchtriestodragthepositivelychargedh + which were bounded in very strong intermolecular interactions of butanol (Scheme 3). An equilibrium stage is reached where rupturing of hydrogen bond or reduction in H-bond strength of butanol or breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution, that is, the loss of dipolar association between the molecules (dispersion forces) [18], will be favourable leading to weak interactions. This causes increase in volume of binary liquid and explains the observed positive values V E m in the systems. Kiyohara and Benson [19] havesuggestedthatδk s is the resultant of several opposing effects. Negative values of Δk s contribute to charge transfer, dipole-induced dipole and O 10 Pa 1 ) Δk s ( Figure 2: Variation of deviation in adiabatic compressibility, Δk s, with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), secbutanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K. dipole-dipole interactions, interstitial accommodation, and breaking up of the alcohol structures leads to positive values of Δk s.fromfigure 2,theobservedpositivevaluesofΔk s for binary mixtures of CH with n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tertbutanol are due to declustering of alcohols in the presence of CH.ThepositivedeviationinΔk s for the binary systems follows the order CH +, tert-butanol >sec-butanol >n-butanol. Figure 3 represents the variation of L E f with mole fraction () of CH. The observed values of L E f are positive. According to Fort and Moore [20], positive L E f should be attributed to the dispersive forces. As mentioned earlier, positive values of Δk s and L E f are mainly attributed to weak forces between the component molecules in the mixture [21].

6 6 Applied Chemistry 10 m) L E f ( Δu (ms 1 ) Figure 3: Variation of excess free length, L E f, with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), sec-butanol/( ), and tertbutanol at K. 6 kg m 2 s 1 ) Z E ( Figure 4: Variation of excess acoustic impedance, z E, with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), secbutanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K. The variations of excess acoustic impedance (z E )and deviation in ultrasonic speed (Δu) have been presented in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.fromfigure 4, ithasbeen observed that the values of z E are negative over the entire mole fraction range indicating the decreasing strength of interactions between component molecules of the mixture. According to Gowrisankar et al. [22], the negative values for Δu indicate the decrease in the strength of interaction between the molecules and the negative deviations in Δu from linear dependence suggest the presence of weak interaction between the component molecules. These deviation/ excess properties further support the conclusions drawn from V E m, LE f,andδk s. The existing molecular interactions in the systems are well reflected in the properties of partial molar volumes. The partial molar volumes V m,1 of component 1 (CH) and V m,2 of component 2 (isomers of butanol) in the mixtures over theentirecompositionrangehavebeencalculatedbyusing the following relations: V m,1 =V E m +V 1 +x 2 ( VE m x ), T,P 80 Figure 5: Variation of deviation in ultrasonic speed, Δu, with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), secbutanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K. V m,2 =V E m +V 2 + ( VE m x ), T,P where V 1 and V 2 arethemolarvolumesofthepurecomponents of CH and butanols, respectively. The derivates in the above equations are obtained by differentiating edlich- Kister equation (7) which leads to the following equations for V m,1 and V m,2 : V m,1 =V 1 +x2 2 V m,2 =V 2 +x2 1 j i=0 j i=0 A i (x 2 ) i 2 x 2 2 A i (x 2 ) i +2x 2 x 2 1 j i=1 j i=1 (9) A i (x 2 ) i 1, (10) A i (x 2 ) i 1 ; (11) using the above equations V E m,1, VE m,2 have been calculated using V E m,1 = V m,1 V 1, V E m,2 = V m,2 V 2. (12) The pertinent values of V m,1 and V m,2 are furnished in Table 4.Fromthistable,thevaluesofV m,1 and V m,2 for both the components in the mixtures are greater than their respective molar volumes in the pure state; that is, an expansion of volume takes place on mixing alcohols with ketone. Theseresultsalsosupporttheobservedpositivevaluesof V E m in all the binary systems. Figures 6 and 7 represent the variationofexcesspartialmolarvolumesofv E m,1 (CH), VE m,2 (isomers of butanol) in the binary mixtures. Examination of these figures reveals that dispersion forces exist between theunlikemolecules.thesefiguressupporttheconclusions drawn from V E m. The partial molar volumes and excess partial

7 Applied Chemistry 7 Table 4: Partial molar volumes of CH (V m,1 /10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) and butanols (V m,2 /10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) of all the binary systems with mole fraction ( )ofchat308.15k. CH + n-butanol CH + sec-butanol CH + tert-butanol V m,1 V m,2 V m,1 V m,2 V m,1 V m, m 3 mol 1 ) V E m,2 ( m 3 mol 1 ) V E m,1 ( Figure6:Variationofexcesspartialmolarvolume,V E m,2,with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), secbutanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K. Figure7:Variationofexcesspartialmolarvolume,V E m,1,with mole fraction,, of cyclohexanone in (X), n-butanol/( ), secbutanol/( ), and tert-butanol at K. molar volumes of CH and isomers of butanols in all the binary liquid mixtures at infinite dilution, V m,1, V m,2, VE, m,1,and V E, m,2, respectively, were obtained by putting x = 0 in (10) and x=1in (11). Consider V E, m,1 =A 0 +A 1 +A 2 +A 3 + =V m,1 V 1, (13) V E, m,2 =A 0 A 1 +A 2 A 3 + =V m,2 V 2. The pertinent values of V m,1, V m,2, VE, m,1,andve, m,2 are reported in Table 5. From this table it is seen that these values are positive, from which we conclude that weak interactions exist among the unlike molecules of the liquid mixtures. FT-I spectra of pure CH, butanols, and binary mixtures of CH with butanols at equal concentrations are depicted in Figures 8, 9, and10. According to Karunakar and Srinivas [23], the intensity of an absorption in the I spectrum is related to the change in dipole moment that occurs during the vibration. Consequently, vibrations that produce a large change in dipole moment (e.g., C=O stretch) result in a more intense absorption than those that result in a relatively modestchangeindipole(e.g.,c=c).vibrationsthatdonot result in a change in dipole moment (e.g., a symmetrical Transmittance (%) n-butanol CH Wave number (cm 1 ) CH + n-butanol Figure 8: Fourier transform infrared spectra of pure cyclohexanone (red), cyclohexanone and n-butanol in the ratio 5 :5 (green), and pure n-butanol (blue).

8 8 Applied Chemistry Transmittance (%) sec-butanol CH Wave number (cm 1 ) CH + sec-butanol Figure 9: Fourier transform infrared spectra of pure cyclohexanone (red), cyclohexanone and sec-butanol in the ratio 5 : 5 (green), and pure sec-butanol (blue) Table 5: Partial molar volumes (V m,1, V m,2 ) and excess partial molar volumes (V E, m,1, VE, m,2 ) of the components at infinite dilution for all the systems at K. V m,1 V m,2 V E, m,1 V E, m,2 System /(10 5 m 3 mol 1 ) CH + n-butanol CH + sec-butanol CH + tert-butanol experimental values using various theories. Such an evaluation offers a simple method to investigate molecular interactions besides verifying the applicability of various theories to liquid mixtures. Nomoto [24] established the followingrelationforsound speed (U N ) based on the assumption of the linearity of the molecular sound speed and the additivity of molar volume: U N = { ( x 3 i i ) ( x i V i ) }, (14) where i is molar sound speed and V i is molar volume. van Dael and Vangeel [25] obtained the ideal mixture relation ( x im i u 2 i 1 )={ }{ 1 x i M i 2 } U V. (15) Transmittance (%) Baluja and Parsania [26] have given impedance relation onthebasisofforceofresistanceforsoundspeedbythe interacting molecules U imp = x iz i x i ρ i. (16) ao s (specific sound speed) [27]relationisgivenby tert-butanol CH Wave number (cm 1 ) CH + tert-butanol Figure 10: Fourier transform infrared spectra of pure cyclohexanone (red), cyclohexanone and tert-butanol in the ratio 5 : 5 (green), and pure tert-butanol (blue). alkyne C C stretch) will show little or no absorption for this vibration. In the present FT-I spectra liquid mixture shows very small variations in the intensity of the respective bonds, thatis,dipolemoment,andhenceitsupportsthatweak interactions take place between the components of liquid molecules. Theoretical evaluation of ultrasonic speed in binary liquid mixtures and its correlation to study molecular interaction has been successfully done in recent years. Ultrasonic speeds in liquid mixtures have been calculated and compared with U =( x i r i ρ) 3, (17) where r i =u 1/3 i /ρ i is ao s specific sound speed of ith component of the mixture. Percentage deviation in ultrasonic speed is given by %Δu = 100 [1 U cal u exp t ]. (18) Table 6 shows the values of ultrasonic speed computed by various theories along with their percentage error for all the systems. The variations between the evaluated and experimental values may be due to interactions occurring between the hetero molecules of the binaries. From the observed values of all three systems, there is a good agreement between theoretical and experimental values through van Deal and Vangeel relation. It can be seen from Table 6 that the theoretical values of ultrasonic speed calculated by using various theories show deviation from experimental values. The limitations and approximation incorporated in these theories

9 Applied Chemistry 9 Table 6: Theoretical values of ultrasonic speed from various equations and percentage error with mole fraction of CH for all binary systems at K. U N U V U Imp U %U N %U V %U Imp %U CH + n-butanol CH + sec-butanol CH + tert-butanol are responsible for the deviations of theoretical values from experimental values. Nomoto s theory proposes that the volume does not change upon mixing. Therefore, no interaction between the components of liquid mixtures has been taken into account. Similarly, the assumption for the formation of ideal mixing relation is that the ratios of specific heats of ideal mixturesandthevolumesarealsoequal.againnomolecular interactions are taken into account. But upon mixing, interactions between the molecules occur because of the presence of various types of forces such as dispersion forces, charge transfer, and hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole and dipoleinduced dipole interactions. Thus, the observed deviation of theoretical values of speed from the experimental values shows that the molecular interactions are taking place between the CH and isomers of butanol molecules. The deviations of experimental values and values calculated from impedance relation and ao s relation imply nonadditivity of acoustic impedance and ao s speed in the liquid mixtures. Among all the empirical theories van Dael and Vangeels relation gives better estimate of experimental values of sound speed in all the systems. In the present binary systems, the difference between experimental and theoretical speeds is greater where the mole fraction of CH varies in the region 0.3 to0.6.henceitcanbequalitativelyinferredthatthestrength of interaction in the binary mixtures is more in this range of composition of CH with isomers of butanol liquid system.

10 10 Applied Chemistry 5. Conclusion (i) Ultrasonic speeds, u, and densities, ρ, ofmixturesof cyclohexanone with n-butanol or sec-butanol or tertbutanol over the entire composition range have been measured at T = K. (ii) The values of V E m, Δk s, L E f, ze,andδu are calculated from experimental data of density and ultrasonic speed. The excess and deviation properties have been fittedtoedlich-kistertypepolynomialandcorresponding standard deviations have been evaluated. The observed positive values of V E m, Δk s,andl E f and negative values of z E, Δu foralltheliquidmixtures studied clearly indicate the presence of weak interactions such as rupturing of hydrogen bond or reduction in H-bond strength of butanol or breaking of the structure of one or both of the components in a solution. (iii) The deviation/excess properties have been fitted to edlich-kister type polynomial and the corresponding standard deviations have been calculated. (iv) The calculated values of partial molar volumes have also been examined. The observed higher partial molar volumes in the liquid mixture when compared totherespectivemolarvolumesofpurecomponents indicate weak interactions present in the systems. (v) The strength of interaction in the mixtures follows the order CH +, tert-butanol > sec-butanol > n-butanol. (vi) FT-I spectra for the present binary mixture also support the conclusions drawn from the V E m, LE f, Δk s, Δu,andz E. (vii) Further theoretical values of sound speed in the mixtures have been evaluated using various theories and have been compared with experimental sound speeds to verify the applicability of such theories to the systems studied. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Acknowledgment One of the authors, Sk. Md Nayeem, is thankful to UGC, New Delhi, Government of India, for the financial grants towards MP (MP-4671/14C (SEO-UGC)). eferences [1]T.B.Thoe,D.K.Aspinwall,andM.L.H.Wise, eviewon ultrasonic machining, International Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 38, no. 4, pp , [2] G. Thomas, Chemistry for Pharmacy and the Life Sciences, Prentice Hall, London, UK, [3] A. M. Ababneh, C. C. Large, and S. Georghiou, Solvation of nucleosides in aqueous mixtures of organic solvents: relevance to dna open basepairs, Biophysical Journal, vol. 85, no. 2, pp , [4]. E. Treybal, Mass Transfer Operations, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 3rd edition, [5] P.M.Krishna,B..Kumar,B.Sathyanarayana,K.S.Kumar,and N. Satyanarayana, Densities and speeds of sound for binary liquid mixtures of thiolane-1,1-dioxide with butanone, pentan- 2-one, pentan-3-one, and 4-methyl-pentan-2-one at T =( or or ) K, Chemical and Engineering Data,vol.54,no.6,pp ,2009. [6] P.GnanaKumari,P.Venkatesu,M.V.Prabhakaraao,M.-J.Lee, and H.-M. 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11 Applied Chemistry 11 Chemical and Engineering Data,vol.41,no.4,pp , [18] J. S. Matos and J. L. Trenzado, Volumetric properties and viscosities of the methyl butanoate+n-heptane+n-octane ternary system and its binary constitutions in the temperature range from K to K, Fluid Phase Equilibria, vol. 186, pp , [19] O. Kiyohara and G. C. Benson, Ultrasonic speeds and isentropic compressibilities of n-alkanol + n-heptane mixtures at K, TheJournalofChemicalThermodynamics, vol. 11, no. 9, pp , [20].J.FortandW..Moore, Adiabaticcompressibilitiesof binary liquid mixtures, Transactions of the Faraday Society,vol. 61, pp , [21] A. Ali, A. K. Nain, V. K. Sharma, and S. Ahmed, Ultrasonic studies in binary liquid mixtures, Indian Physics B, vol. 75, no. 6, pp , [22] M. Gowrisankar, S. Sivarambabu, P. Venkateswarlu, and K. S. Kumar, Excess volumes, speeds of sound, isentropic compressibilities and viscosities of binary mixtures of N-ethyl aniline with some aromatic ketones at K, Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society,vol.33,no.5,pp ,2012. [23] T. Karunakar and C. H. Srinivas, Thermo acoustic and infrared study of molecular interactions in binary mixture aniline+1- butanol, esearch & eviews: Pure and Applied Physics,vol.1,no.1,pp.5 10,2013. [24] O. Nomoto, Empirical formula for sound velocity in liquid mixtures, JournalofthePhysicalSocietyofJapan,vol.13,no. 12, pp , [25] W. van Dael, Thermodynamic Properties and Velocity of Sound, Butterworth, London, UK, [26] S. Baluja and P. H. Parsania, Acoustical properties of 3-α-furyl acrylic acid in protic and aprotic solvents, Asian Chemistry,vol.7,pp ,1995. [27] K. Sreekanth, D. S. Kumar, M. Kondaiah, and D. Krishna ao, Study of molecular interactions in the mixtures of secondary alcohols with equimolar mixture of ethanol + formamide from acoustic and thermodynamic parameters, Chemical and Pharmaceutical esearch, vol. 3, no. 4, pp , 2011.

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