Nanocomposites: A Single Screw Mixing Study of Nanoclay-filled Polypropylene
|
|
- Tamsyn Hicks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nanocomposites: A Single Screw Mixing Study of Nanoclay-filled Polypropylene By Jae Whan Cho, Jason Logsdon, Scott Omachinski, Guoqiang Qian, Tie Lan - Nanocor, Inc. Timothy W. Womer and Walter S. Smith - New Castle Industries, Inc. Abstract Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by two steps: a predispersed organoclay masterbatch was first prepared by using a twin screw extruder; the masterbatch was then letdown into base PP by using a single screw extruder. The effect of single screw mixing type on organoclay dispersion and nanocomposite properties was evaluated. The results indicated that the composites obtained from the masterbatch letdown with a single screw extruder showed better dispersion and better mechanical properties than the composite obtained from the direct compounding with twin screw extruder. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of these composites from masterbatch single screw letdown process is as good as the composite obtained from masterbatch letdown with a twin screw extruder. A rheological study also shows PP nanocomposite has the same flow characteristics as neat PP, indicating the new technology can drop in the current machine set up, without adding additional cost to end users. Introduction Nanocomposites are here. It is a new technology for enhancing the properties of commodity resins by means of dispersing nano-size particles of montmorillonite clay in neat resin (1). These new nanocomposites have improved mechanical properties, such as stiffness, heat distortion temperature (HDT), dimensional stabilities, and enhanced barrier to gas permeation. PP nanocomposites are a hot area of current interest, due to huge commercial opportunities in both automotive and packaging. However, the low polarity of the resin limits the interaction between organoclay and the polymer (2). Recently, a PP nanocomposite employing a masterbatch route has been developed (3-4). Good dispersion and mechanical properties have been achieved, however, a twin screw letdown is required, which causes increased compounding cost for customers. One possible approach to improve mixing in a single screw extruder is to introduce a mixing element (5). Generally, the conventional mixing elements are classified to the distributive mixing elements such as a distributive mixing section (6) and the dispersive mixing elements such as a Union Carbide mixing section (7). In this study, a new mixing element was introduced to a specially designed single screw extruder. This special extruder is modular so that several existing mixing elements were also introduced for comparison. The following are the results of nanocomposites made from a single screw extruder with different types of mixing elements. The same formulation was used for all of the mixer evaluations and the final extrudate was pelletized using a strand die, water trough and pelletizer to produce a compound that could be further evaluated. Formulation Most of the polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared as a two-step compounding process. First, a predispersed organoclay masterbatch concentrate (Nanomer C.30P) was prepared by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Then, the masterbatch was letdown into the PP/compatibilizer mixture by using a single screw extruder. As shown in Table 1, the masterbatch contains 50 wt.% organoclay with 25 wt.% compatibilizer and 25 wt.% homo PP. Octadecyl amine (ODA) modified montmorillonite (Nanomer I.30P) was used as an organoclay and a polypropylene-graftmaleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. For comparisons, PP nanocomposites were also prepared from the masterbatch letdown into PP with a twin screw extruder or direct compounding of PP, PP-g-MA and organoclay with a twin screw extruder. All the final PP nanocomposite formulations are 6% organoclay/ 5% PP-g-MA/ 89% PP by weight %.
2 Equipment and Process Both single screw and twin screw extruders were used for this study. Table 2 shows the general processing parameters for all of extrusion trials that were completed on the various extruders and mixing sections that were evaluated. Four different mixing sections were tested on the single screw extruder. They were a standard flight section, UCC mixing section, a distributive mixing section, and a newly developed dispersionary mixing section. All mixing sections had approximately two L/D of flights after the mixing section to allow for re-orientation mixing afterwards and before exiting the end of the screw. The various mixing configurations are shown in Table 3. In the case of the twin screw extruder, three kneading disc blocks were introduced with proper kneading element configurations to optimize dispersion and temperature control. Low barrel temperature with high screw speed was maintained in order to obtain better dispersion. Rheological Evaluation After the trials were completed, a rheological evaluation was preformed to compare the four primary materials; pure homo PP, C.30P, PP-g-MA, and the final compounded PP nanocomposite. The shear viscosities of all four materials were evaluated at 221 C as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the viscosity of C.30P melt shows shear thinning non-newtonian behavior. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that with a 6% loading of organoclay, the flow characteristics of the nanocomposite is practically the same as the pure polypropylene. This is a very good finding because this leads us to believe that this new material will be a drop-in additive which will result in greater physical properties in the end product. Dispersion Study The extruded pellets were injection molded into standard test bars according to relevant ASTM. These bars were used for evaluating the amount of dispersion and measuring mechanical and thermal properties. Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the organoclay particles. Based on the XRD data, the clay inter-layer distance (Å) was determined for each nanocomposite sample. A 22Å basal d-spacing was observed for the organoclay prior to compounding. For the organoclay concentrate, the masterbatch shows a basal d-spacing of approximately 24Å. In the case of PP nanocomposites, a 28Å d-spacing was observed regardless of the type of mixing screws. This d-spacing is almost same as the one for the composites obtained from the masterbatch letdown with a twin screw extruder or composite obtained from direct compounding with twin screw extruder. In order to evaluate the optical microscopic dispersion of the nanocomposites, the injection molded bars were cut in the flow perpendicular direction and polished with a diamond paste by using a surface polisher. The surface polishing was carried out by using a series of successively finer abrasives. Figure 3 (a)~(d) shows optical photomicrographs (magnification=200x) of PP nanocomposites containing 6 wt.% organoclay obtained from various mixing screws. An optical microscopic dispersion was also done on the composite directly compounded through the twin screw extruder and it is shown in Figure 3(e). In order to complete the comparison for the evaluation of organoclay dispersion, a typical nanocomposite prepared from the masterbatch letdown through a twin screw extruder was used as a reference point and its optical microscopic dispersion is shown in Figure 3(f). These two points of reference inform us of where we started from and where we would like to go in the single screw extruder. As shown in this figure, the nanocomposite prepared from the masterbatch letdown with a twin screw extruder showed a very good dispersion indicating microscopically homogeneous phase, but the composites prepared from direct compounding with a twin screw extruder shows numerous big tactoids. On the other hand, the composites prepared from the masterbatch letdown with a single screw extruder showed reasonably good dispersion over all the area with some localized tactoids. These tactoids are much smaller in size and much less in particle density than from direct compounding. As can be seen from Figure 3 (a)~(d), the effect of the different mixing screws on the particle dispersion is not significant. However, the particle size of the composite obtained from Dipersionary Mixer is slightly smaller than that of Union Carbide mixer. In this case, the Dispersionary Mixer has slightly less mixing length than Union Carbide Mixer. There are no considerable differences in particle size between the composites obtained from the Distributive Mixer and from the Dispersive Mixer. It is believed that the reason for the closeness of the values for the Distributive Mixer and Dispersionary Mixer is due to the increased length of the Distributive Mixer versus the Dispersive Mixer. Therefore, in future testing, a new Dispersionary Mixer with increased length will allow for more divisions of the polymer and concentrate to be dispersed. As expected, the particle size of the composite obtained from the Flighted End, which has no mixing screw, is much bigger than from the other mixing screws. However, this composite has much smaller particle in size than the composite from the direct compounding with a twin screw extruder.
3 The mechanical properties of PP nanocomposites made by single screw letdown are shown in Table 4. The mechanical properties of the neat polypropylene was also evaluated as a base data point and compared with the composites made by twin screw extrusion letdown or direct compounding. As can be seen in Table 4, PP nanocomposites made from masterbatch letdown with two steps showed better mechanical properties than the composite made from the direct compounding. It is very interesting to note that the mechanical properties of the composites made from masterbatch letdown with a single screw extruder were as good as the composite made from masterbatch letdown with a twin screw extruder. The effect of different types of the mixing screws on the mechanical properties is not very significant. Conclusion Nanocomposites do allow for improved mechanical properties to the base resin, but very intensive dispersionary mixing is required to make sure that organoclay particles are uniformly and thoroughly dispersed and distributed throughout the molten polymer before it enters the die. As expected, a masterbatch letdown process with a twin screw extruder provided nearly complete dispersion and superior mechanical properties. On the other hand, a masterbatch letdown process with a specially designed single screw extruder showed a reasonably good dispersion and comparable mechanical properties as a master batch letdown process with a twin screw extruder. Future work on this project includes additional improved mixing sections based on the results found in this study. Also planned is the evaluation of barriertype screws to insure that a complete melt is obtained before the dispersionary mixing takes place. 6. U.S.Patent 4,639, Maddock, B. H., SPE J., July, 23 (1967). 8. Chung, Extrusion of Polymers Theory and Practice, Hanser Gardner Publishing, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. 9. Bernhardt, "Processing of Thermoplastic Materials", Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company. 10. Rauwendaal, "Polymer Extrusion", Hanser Publishers. 11. Tadmor and Gogos, Principles of Polymer Processing, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 12. Cheremisinoff, Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 13. Osswald, Polymer Processing Fundamentals, Hanser/Gardner Publications, Inc., Cincinnati. Apparent Shear Viscosity (Pa*s) Masterbatch(Nanomer C.30P) 6% I.30P in PP 6523 PP-g-MA Shear Rate (1/sec.) PP 6523 Figure 1. Shear viscosity of masterbatch concentrate and PP nanocomposites. These further developments will be reported during the oral presentation. References 1. Okada, A., Fukushima, Y., Kawasumi, M., Inagaki, S., Usuki, A., Sugiyama, S., Kurauchi, T., Kamigato, O., U.S. Patent 4,739,007 (1988). 2. Kawasumi, M., Hasegawa, N., Kato, M., Usuki, A., and Okada, A., Macromolecules, 30, 6333(1997). 3. T. Lan and G. Qian, Proceeding of Additive 00 Clearwater Beach, FL, April 10~12, G. Qian, J. W. Cho and T. Lan, Polyolefins 2001, Houston, TX, February 25~28, Rauwendaal, C., Mixing in Single Screw Extruders p129 Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Figure 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of organoclay, masterbatch, and PP nanocomposite.
4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 3. Optical photomicrographs of PP nanocomposites (Magnification=200X). (a) Flighted End (c) Dispersionary Mixer (e) Direct Compounding (b) Distributive Mixer (d) Union Carbide Mixer (f) Masterbatch letdown with a twin screw
5 Table 1. Detailed compounding formulation for this study. Compounding Process Masterbatch Organoclay PP PP-g-MA Masterbatch Letdown Direct Compounding Table 2. Detailed extruder configuration. Extruder Screw Diameter L/D Barrel Temperature ( C) Screw Speed (rpm) Feed Rate (kg/hr) Single Screw ~ Flood Feed Twin Screw ~ Table 3. Mixing section configuration. Mixer Removable Screw Length Mixing Element Length Mixer Barrier Gap Flighted End Distributive Dispersionary Union Carbide Table 4. Mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites. Extruder Mixer Organoclay Flexural Strength Flexural Modulus (MPa) HDT ( C) XRD (Å) (%) (MPa) PP Single Screw Flighted End Single Screw Distributive Single Screw Dispersionary Single Screw Union Carbide Twin Screw Twin Screw Masterbatch letdown Direct Compounding
PERFORMANCE OF PP/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES WITH EDGE FUNCTIONALIZED CLAY
PERFORMANCE OF PP/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES WITH EDGE FUNCTIONALIZED CLAY Sharad Kumar and K. Jayaraman Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
More informationProperties and particles dispersion of biodegradable resin/clay nanocomposites
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 15, No. 1, March 2003 pp. 43-50 Properties and particles dispersion of biodegradable resin/clay nanocomposites Kenji Okada*, Takashi Mitsunaga and Youichi Nagase Department
More informationUltra-slow Release of Trifluralin from Polymers
Abstract Ultra-slow Release of Trifluralin from Polymers Rodney Ruskin Geoflow, Inc. Slow release of trifluralin to inhibit root intrusion into drip irrigation emitters is a well-known technology. Ultra-slow
More informationA NEW DISPERSIVE MIXER FOR SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS
A NEW DISPERSIVE MIXER FOR SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS Chris Rauwendaal, Rauwendaal Extrusion Engineering, Inc. Tim Osswald, University of Wisconsin, Madison Paul Gramann and Bruce Davis, The Madison Group
More informationRheological characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites with different nanoscale dispersions
e-polymers 2005, no. 005. http://www.e-polymers.org ISSN 1618-7229 Rheological characterization of polymer-based nanocomposites with different nanoscale dispersions Dong Gi Seong, Tae Jin Kang, Jae Ryoun
More informationAll rights reserved, 2011, Century Extrusion. Why simulation? Limited availability and cost of API s
Evonik Industries 4 th International Symposium on Pharmaceutical Melt Extrusion Understanding Melt Extrusion Processes by Simulation Presented by Adam Dreiblatt Director, Process Technology All rights
More informationEffects of Processing Conditions on Exfoliation and Rheological Behaviour of PBT-Clay Nanocomposites
ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 13, 2005 Effects of Processing Conditions on Exfoliation and Rheological Behaviour of PBT-Clay Nanocomposites L. Scatteia 1, P. Scarfato 2, D. Acierno
More informationNEW DISPERSIVE MIXERS FOR SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS
NEW DISPERSIVE MIXERS FOR SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS Chris Rauwendaal, Rauwendaal Extrusion Engineering, Inc. Tim Osswald, University of Wisconsin, Madison Paul Gramann and Bruce Davis, The Madison Group ABSTRACT
More informationRHEOLOGY AS A POWERFULL TOOL FOR SCIENTIFIC AS WELL INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISATION OF NEW MATERIALS BASED ON POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES.
RHEOLOGY AS A POWERFULL TOOL FOR SCIENTIFIC AS WELL INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISATION OF NEW MATERIALS BASED ON POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES Milan Kracalik Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Polymer
More informationCOMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS HAVING SCREWS OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY WITH MIXING ELEMENTS
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS HAVING SCREWS OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY WITH MIXING ELEMENTS John Vlachopoulos McMaster University Nick Polychronopoulos * Polydynamics, Inc. Shinichiro
More informationMicrostructural Characterisations and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polyamide 6/Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites
Microstructural Characterisations and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polyamide 6/Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites W.S.CHOW 1, Z.A. MOHD ISHAK 1 and J. KARGER-KOCSIS 2 1 School of Materials
More informationContinuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals: Scale-up of a Hot Melt Extrusion Process
An Executive Summary Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals: Scale-up of a Hot Melt Extrusion Process By: Dirk Leister, Leader Technical Marketing, Material Characterization Products, Thermo Fisher
More informationCOMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS HAVING SCREWS OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY WITH MIXING ELEMENTS
COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDERS HAVING SCREWS OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY WITH MIXING ELEMENTS John Vlachopoulos McMaster University Nick Polychronopoulos * Polydynamics, Inc. Shinichiro
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF NANOMER IN NANOCOMPOSITES: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY
APPLICATIONS OF NANOMER IN NANOCOMPOSITES: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY Tie Lan, Jaewhan Cho, Ying Liang, Jerry Qian, and Peter Maul Nanocor, Inc. 1500 West Shure Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004 ABSTRACT
More informationEffect of Nanoclay on the Structure and Properties of High Density Polyethylene Composites
IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (IOSR-JPTE) e-issn: 2348-019X, p-issn: 2348-0181, Volume 2, Issue 3 (May - Jun. 2015), PP 06-11 www.iosrjournals.org Effect of Nanoclay on the Structure
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 51C POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES (June 2002)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 51C POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES (June 2002) With the rush of interest in all things related to nanotechnology, polymer nanocomposites represent one of the emerging
More informationHindawi Publishing Corporation
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 810623, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2012/810623 Research Article Influence of Compatibilizer and Processing Conditions on
More informationInfluence of twin screw extrusion processing condition on the properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 22, No. 2, June 2010 pp. 141-148 Influence of twin screw extrusion processing condition on the properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
More informationOPTIMISATION ON PROPERTY ENHANCEMENT OF POLYPROPYLENE/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
6 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS OPTIMISATION ON PROPERTY ENHANCEMENT OF Yu Dong*, Debes Bhattacharyya*, Peter J. Hunter** *Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), **The Bioengineering
More informationSIMULATION OF POLYMERIC FLOW IN A TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER: AN ANALYSIS OF ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY EFFECTS
SIMULATION OF POLYMERIC FLOW IN A TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER: AN ANALYSIS OF ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY EFFECTS A. Shah and M. Gupta Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department Michigan Technological
More informationTechnological and Operational Requirements for the Compounding of. Nanocomposites
Technological and Operational Requirements for the Peter Imhof, Polycompound AG Hans-Ulrich Siegenthaler, Kneading Experts GmbH Table of Contents 1. Typical Nanomaterials in the Compounding Step 2. Process
More informationApplication of Analytical Technique to Resolving the Flow Dynamics in Self-wiping Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruders
Proceedings of the International Conference on New Trends in Transport Phenomena Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1-2 2014 Paper No. 57 Application of Analytical Technique to Resolving the Flow Dynamics in
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND LOW FIELD NMR
CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND LOW FIELD NMR Tathiane C. Rodrigues 1 *, Maria I. B. Tavares 1, Victor J. R. R. Pita 1, Igor L. Soares 1
More informationDevelopment of Sustainable Nanocomposites from Cellulose Ester For Automotive Applications
Development of Sustainable Nanocomposites from Cellulose Ester For Automotive Applications Hwan-Man Park 1, Amar K. Mohanty 2, Manjusri Misra 1 and Lawrence T. Drzal 1 1 Composite Materials and Structures
More informationInfluence of Processing on Morphology, Electrical Conductivity and Flexural Properties of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets Polyamide Nanocomposites
Carbon Letters Vol. 11, No. 4 December 2010 pp. 279-284 Influence of Processing on Morphology, Electrical Conductivity and Flexural Properties of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets Polyamide Nanocomposites
More informationMASAYA KAWASUMI Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Incorporated, Ngakute, Aich , Japan
HIGHLIGHT The Discovery of Polymer-Clay Hybrids MASAYA KAWASUMI Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Incorporated, Ngakute, Aich 4801192, Japan Received 5 August 2003; accepted 21 August
More informationRheological behavior of waste polypropylene reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles
This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 11 International Conference th on Engineering Sciences (AFM 2016) www.witconferences.com Rheological behavior of waste polypropylene reinforced with zinc oxide
More informationMorphology Evolution in PS/LDPE Blends in a Twin Screw Extruder: Effects of Compatibilizer
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 18(1), 33-39 (2001) Morphology Evolution in PS/LDPE Blends in a Twin Screw Extruder: Effects of Compatibilizer Do Young Moon*, Moo Hyun Kwon and O Ok Park *Chemical Division R&D Center,
More informationIntroduction to the numerical Simulation of Twin Screw extruders
Introduction to the numerical Simulation of Twin Screw extruders Ludovic 2D Twin-Screw numerical Simulation XimeX 3D General Purpose Numerical Simulation Numerical Simulation Why? Simulate the Equipment
More informationDESIGN OF DISPERSIVE MIXING DEVICES
DESIGN OF DISPERSIVE MIXING DEVICES Chris Rauwendaal, Rauwendaal Extrusion Engineering, Inc. Tim Osswald, University of Wisconsin, Madison Paul Gramann and Bruce Davis, The Madison Group ABSTRACT Mixing
More informationA NEW DISPERSIVE AND DISTRIBUTIVE STATIC MIXER FOR THE COMPOUNDING OF HIGHLY VISCOUS MATERIALS
A NEW DISPERSIVE AND DISTRIBUTIVE STATIC MIXER FOR THE COMPOUNDING OF HIGHLY VISCOUS MATERIALS Paul Gramann and Bruce Davis, The Madison Group: PPRC. Tim Osswald, University of Wisconsin-Madison Chris
More informationIntroduction. Seung-Yeop Kwak,* 1 Kwang Sei Oh 2
Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2003, 288, 503 508 503 Full Paper: Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocomposites were prepared using two different types of organically modified nanosilicates by melt intercalation with
More informationD1-204 PROPERTIES OF EPOXY-LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES T. SHIMIZU*, T. OZAKI, Y. HIRANO, T. IMAI, T. YOSHIMITSU TOSHIBA CORPORATION.
21, rue d'artois, F-75008 Paris http://www.cigre.org D1-204 Session 2004 CIGRÉ PROPERTIES OF EPOXY-LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES T. SHIMIZU*, T. OZAKI, Y. HIRANO, T. IMAI, T. YOSHIMITSU TOSHIBA CORPORATION
More informationResidence Time Distribution of Tapioca Starch-Poly(lactic acid)- Cloisite 10A Nanocomposite Foams in an Extruder
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 20 (1): 103 108 (2012) ISSN: 0128-7680 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Residence Time Distribution of Tapioca Starch-Poly(lactic acid)- Cloisite 10A Nanocomposite Foams in
More informationRheological Properties of ABS at Low Shear Rates: Effects of Phase Heterogeneity
Malaysian Polymer Journal, Vol 4, No, p9-36, 9 Available online at wwwfkkksautmmy/mpj Rheological Properties of ABS at Low Shear Rates: Effects of Phase Heterogeneity Asif Ali Qaiser *, Yasir Qayyum and
More informationEVALUATION OF CLAY DISPERSION IN NANOCOMPOSITES OF STYRENIC POLYMERS
EVALUATION OF CLAY DISPERSION IN NANOCOMPOSITES OF STYRENIC POLYMERS D. J. Carastan 1, A. Vermogen 2, K. Masenelli-Varlot 3, N. R. Demarquette 4 * 1 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department Polytechnic
More informationMechanical and Rheological Properties of the Maleated Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites with Different Morphology
Mechanical and Rheological Properties of the Maleated Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites with Different Morphology Chong Min Koo, 1 Mi Jung Kim, 1 Min Ho Choi, 2 Sang Ouk Kim, 3 In Jae Chung
More informationPRODUCTION OF PHENOLIC RESIN / LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES
International Symposium of Research Students on Material Science and Engineering December 20-22, 2004, Chennai, India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
More informationD Y N A M I C M E C H A N I C A L A N A L Y S I S A N D I T S A D V A N T A G E S O V E R D E F L E C T I O N T E M P E R A T U R E U N D E R L O A D
D Y N A M I C M E C H A N I C A L A N A L Y S I S A N D I T S A D V A N T A G E S O V E R D E F L E C T I O N T E M P E R A T U R E U N D E R L O A D Sujan E. Bin Wadud TA Instruments 9 Lukens Drive, New
More informationEffects of High Energy Radiation on Mechanical Properties of PP/EPDM Nanocomposite
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 264-265 (2011) pp 738-742 Online available since 2011/Jun/30 at www.scientific.net (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.738
More informationE mail:
MOISTURE ABSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE GRAFTED POLYETHYLENE MODIFIED ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER / HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES ATUL RAJAN 1, PRADEEP UPADHYAYA 1, NAVIN CHAND
More informationAn Adjustable Gap In-Line Rheometer
An Adjustable Gap In-Line Rheometer By D. M. Kalyon, H. Gokturk and I. Boz Highly Filled Materials Institute Hoboken, NJ 07030 Introduction The rheological behavior of polymer melts, and structured fluids
More informationFluorescent Labeling and Tracking of Nanoclay
Supporting information Fluorescent Labeling and Tracking of Nanoclay Carlos A. Diaz,,, Yining Xia,, Maria Rubino,, *, Rafael Auras,, *, Krishnamurthy Jayaraman, and Joseph Hotchkiss School of Packaging,
More informationNANOCLAYS: MULTIDIMENSIONAL NEW NANO-TOOLS IN THE POLYMER DEVELOPMENT TOOLBOX
NANOCLAYS: MULTIDIMENSIONAL NEW NANO-TOOLS IN THE POLYMER DEVELOPMENT TOOLBOX Karl Kamena Southern Clay Products Abstract Layered smectite nanoclays, particularly of the montmorillonite type, have interesting
More informationSupplemental Material for Monolithic Multilayer Microfluidics via Sacrificial Molding of 3D- Printed Isomalt. M. K. Gelber and R.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Lab on a Chip. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplemental Material for Monolithic Multilayer Microfluidics via Sacrificial Molding of 3D-
More informationCARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES: AN OVERVIEW Brian Grady University of Oklahoma
CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES: AN OVERVIEW Brian Grady University of Oklahoma Abstract Carbon nanotubes are in many ways similar to polymers. Both molecules have contour lengths typically on the order
More informationPolymeric Nanocomposites for Automotive Applications
Polymeric Nanocomposites for Automotive Applications By Juan M. GarcØs,* David J. Moll, Jozef Bicerano, Richard Fibiger, and David G. McLeod New nanocomposites are currently being developed that have real
More informationEnhancing Composite Materials with Functionalized Graphene & CNTs Haydale Technologies Thailand (HTT) November 9, 2016
Enhancing Composite Materials with Functionalized Graphene & CNTs Haydale Technologies Thailand (HTT) November 9, 2016 Brief Overview of HTT HAYDALE TECHNOLOGIES (THAILAND), is a subsidiary of Haydale
More informationPROFILE EXTRUSION OF WPC S SUPPORTED BY RHEOLOGICAL AND SIMULATION DATA
PROFILE EXTRUSION OF WPC S SUPPORTED BY RHEOLOGICAL AND SIMULATION DATA Cristiano R. de Santi 1, Elias Hage Jr. 1, John Vlachopoulos 2 and Carlos A. Correa 3* 1 PPG-CEM/Univ. Federal de S. Carlos UFSCar,
More informationEffect of Rubber Content of ABS on the Mechanical Properties of ABS/Clay Nanocomposites
Composite Interfaces 16 (2009) 337 346 www.brill.nl/ci Effect of Rubber Content of ABS on the Mechanical Properties of ABS/Clay Nanocomposites Hyun-Kyo Kim a, Gue-Hyun Kim b,, Byung-Mook Cho b and Chang-Sik
More informationEFFECT OF SONICATION AND HIGH SHEAR MIXING PARAMETERS ON NANOCLAY DISPERSION IN EPOXY
EFFECT OF SONICATION AND HIGH SHEAR MIXING PARAMETERS ON NANOCLAY DISPERSION IN EPOXY M. Al-Qadhi 1a, N. Merah 1b, Z. Khan 1, K. Mezghani 1, Z. Gasem 1, M. J. Adinoyi 1 1 Mechanical engineering, King Fahd
More informationImproving the Polypropylene-Clay Composite Using Carbon Nanotubes as Secondary Filler
Energy Research Journal 1 (2): 68-72, 2010 ISSN 1949-0151 2010 Science Publications Improving the Polypropylene-Clay Composite Using Carbon Nanotubes as Secondary Filler 1 Salawudeen T. Olalekan, 1 Suleyman
More informationDYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF AQUEOUS POLYESTER DISPERSION IN BATCH REACTOR AND TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER
DYNAMIC RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF AQUEOUS POLYESTER DISPERSION IN BATCH REACTOR AND TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER Ali Goger *, Michael R. Thompson *, John L. Pawlak **, David J.W. Lawton *** * Department of Chemical
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF INJECTION MOLDED THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER MATRIX. Jan VÁCHA, Jiří HABR
THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF INJECTION MOLDED THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER MATRIX Jan VÁCHA, Jiří HABR Technical university of Liberec, Studentská 2, Liberec 1, 461 17, jan.vacha@tul.cz,
More informationPRODUCTION OF POLYMER PARTICLES USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOIXDE AS A PROCESSING SOLVENT IN AN EXTRUDER
PRODUCTION OF POLYMER PARTICLES USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOIXDE AS A PROCESSING SOLVENT IN AN EXTRUDER Sameer P. Nalawade* and L. P. B. M. Janssen Email: S.P.Nalawade@chem.rug.nl, Fax: 0031-50-363 4479
More informationAM11: Diagnostics for Measuring and Modelling Dispersion in Nanoparticulate Reinforced Polymers. Polymers: Multiscale Properties.
AM11: Diagnostics for Measuring and Modelling Dispersion in Nanoparticulate Reinforced Polymers Polymers: Multiscale Properties 8 November 2007 Aims Provide diagnostic tools for quantitative measurement
More informationThermal Conductivity, Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Graphene and Polystyrene/ Graphene Nanocomposites
Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Graphene and Polystyrene/ Graphene Nanocomposites Peter Ryzyk 1, Thomas Hurson 1, Joo Yong Yi 1, Joshua Weinstein
More informationSCALING LAWS AND FRACTAL SCREW DESIGNS TOWARDS SINGLE PELLET EXTRUSION
SCALING LAWS AND FRACTAL SCREW DESIGNS TOWARDS SINGLE PELLET EXTRUSION D.O. Kazmer Department of Plastics Engineering, Univ. Mass. Lowell Abstract Analyses and screw design concepts are presented to control
More informationNATURAL RUBBER/LAYERED SILCATE NANOCOMPOSITE FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS
NATURAL RUBBER/LAYERED SILCATE NANOCOMPOSITE FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS Peiris, C. 1, Ratnayake U. N. 2 1 Manager Engineering, Loadstar (Private) Limited, No 218, Minuwangoda Road, Ekala, Ja-Ela, Sri Lanka.
More informationRheological characterization of melt processed polycarbonatemultiwalled carbon nanotube composites
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 128 (2005) 2 6 Rheological characterization of melt processed polycarbonatemultiwalled carbon nanotube composites Mahmoud Abdel-Goad, Petra Pötschke Leibniz Institute of Polymer
More informationCarbon Nanotubes: New Markets and Developing Applications July 5, 2007
Carbon Nanotubes: New Markets and Developing Applications July 5, 2007 Presented by Andrew Rich Nanocyl S.A. arich@nanocyl.com US Offices Tel : +1 781 261 9778 Fax : +1 781 261 9769 info@us-nanocyl.com
More informationRheology Of Reinforced Polypropylene Melt Flow
Rheology Of Reinforced Polypropylene Melt Flow Dr. Sadek Rejeibi, Dr.Abdelati Elalem, Dr.Omer Algydi Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering -Tripoli University Abstract: Different techniques
More informationMechanical and Gas Barrier Properties of Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Review
The Open Macromolecules Journal, 2012, 6, 37-52 37 Open Access Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties of Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Review V. Mittal* The Petroleum Institute, Chemical
More informationThe influence of fibre length, diameter and concentration on the modulus of glass fibre reinforced
The influence of fibre length, diameter and concentration on the modulus of glass fibre reinforced Polyamide 6,6. J. L. Thomason University of Strathclyde, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 75 Montrose
More informationA STUDY OF CLAY-EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES CONSISTING OF UNMODIFIED CLAY AND ORGANO CLAY
6 A STUDY OF CLAY-EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES CONSISTING OF UNMODIFIED CLAY AND ORGANO CLAY Ariadne Juwono * and Graham Edward School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3168,
More informationStructure-property relationship of melt intercalated maleated polyethylene nanocomposites
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 19, No. 3, November 2007 pp. 133-139 Structure-property relationship of melt intercalated maleated polyethylene nanocomposites M. M. Reddy, Rahul K. Gupta, S. N. Bhattacharya,
More informationStructure and Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Organically Modified Montmorillonite
Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Organically Modified Montmorillonite Suprakas Sinha Ray, 1 Kazuaki Okamoto, 2 Masami Okamoto 1 1 Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposite
More informationThermooxidation effects on the structuring of molten polypropylene clay nanocomposites
Polymer International Polym Int 55:681 687 (2006) Thermooxidation effects on the structuring of molten polypropylene clay nanocomposites Yibin Xu, Jianmao Yang and Yuanze Xu The Key Laboratory of Molecular
More informationMODELING THREE-DIMENSIONAL NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS IN SINGLE- SCREW EXTRUDERS
MODELING THREE-DIMENSIONAL NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS IN SINGLE- SCREW EXTRUDERS Christian Marschik Wolfgang Roland Bernhard Löw-Baselli Jürgen Miethlinger Johannes Kepler University Institute of Polymer Extrusion
More informationPERFORMANCE UNDER CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT OF NYLON6/POLYPROPYLENE/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
16 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS PERFORMANCE UNER CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT OF NYLON6/POLYPROPYLENE/ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES [Nabil Abacha], Masatoshi Kubouchi, Tetsuya Sakai, Ken Tsuda
More informationImproved Approximations in Thermal Properties for Single Screw Extrusion
Improved Approximations in Thermal Properties for Single Screw Extrusion Modified on Friday, 01 May 2015 11:49 PM by mpieler Categorized as: Paper of the Month Improved Approximations in Thermal Properties
More informationResponse Surface Models for Optimization of Wheat Straw- Polypropylene Composite Formulations
Proceedings of the 014 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bali, Indonesia, January 7 9, 014 Response Surface Models for Optimization of Wheat Straw- Polypropylene
More informationNITRILE RUBBER (NBR) NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON DIFFERENT FILLER GEOMETRIES (Nanocalcium carbonate, Carbon nanotube and Nanoclay)
CHAPTER 5 NITRILE RUBBER (NBR) NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON DIFFERENT FILLER GEOMETRIES (Nanocalcium carbonate, Carbon nanotube and Nanoclay) 5.1 Introduction Nanocalcium carbonate (NCC) is a particulate nanofiller
More informationIntercalated Polypropylene Nanocomposites
Intercalated Polypropylene Nanocomposites Michael J. Solomon Anongnat Somwangthanaroj University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. I INTRODUCTION Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile material whose
More informationThermal Behavior of Calcium Carbonate and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Filled Polypropylene by Melt Compounding
Thermal Behavior of Calcium Carbonate and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Filled Polypropylene by Melt Compounding *Dr. Nizar Jawad Hadi 1,a **Prof. Dr. Najim A. Saad 2,b *** Dhey Jawad Mohamed 3,c (a) nizarjawad63@uobabylon.edu.iq
More informationEvaluations of Flow and Mixing Efficiency in the Kneading Disks of a Novel Tri-Screw Extruder
Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 51-6, 216. Available online at www.jafmonline.net, ISSN 1735-3572, EISSN 1735-3645. Evaluations of Flow and Mixing Efficiency in the Kneading Disks
More informationPOLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES: COMPOUNDING AND PERFORMANCE. L. A. Utracki
POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES: COMPOUNDING AND PERFORMANCE. L. A. Utracki National Research Council Canada, Industrial Materials Institute, 75 de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, Canada J4B 6Y4; leszek.utracki@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
More informationNanocomposites from poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomers: effect of surfactant structure on morphology and properties
Polymer 46 (2005) 2646 2662 www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer Nanocomposites from poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomers: effect of surfactant structure on morphology and properties Rhutesh K. Shah
More informationTitle: Cesa-extend a User Friendly Technology to Enhance Reprocessing and Recycling of Condensation Plastics
GPEC 24 Paper Abstract #52: Title: Cesa-extend a User Friendly Technology to Enhance Reprocessing and Recycling of Condensation Plastics Author(s): V. Karayan, Clariant Masterbatches, and M. Villalobos,
More informationLinear Control Design for a Plastic Extruder
Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference of Control, Dynamic Systems, and Robotics (CDSR'8) Niagara Falls, Canada June 7 9, 208 Paper No. 3 DOI: 0.59/cdsr8.3 Linear Control Design for a Plastic
More informationInjection Molding. Figure 1: Principles of injection molding. Injection molding cycle: part solidifies. Open Mold Eject Part Close Mold
Injection Molding Figure 1: Principles of injection molding. Injection molding cycle: Extruder Pressure Extrude Mold Inject Pack Solidify Open Mold Eject Part Close Mold gate solidifies part solidifies
More informationMATERIALS AND METHODS
Monitoring of Rheological Indicators of LDPE Per-Åke Clevenhag and Claes Oveby Tetra Pak Carton Ambient AB ABSTRACT LDPE,s from high-pressure autoclave reactors for extrusion coating with Melt Flow Rates
More informationRheological Behavior of Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites under Uniaxial Extensional Flow
Macromolecular Research, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 318-323 (2006) Rheological Behavior of Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites under Uniaxial Extensional Flow Jun Uk Park, Jeong Lim Kim, Do Hoon Kim, Kyung
More informationIntroduction Wood K plus. Motivation. Results. Conclusions. J. Leßlhumer 1, J. Sinic 1, M. Reif 1, A. Haider 1, D. Cascorbi 2
1 st Workshop - Basics for Chemistry of Wood Surface Modification April 25-26, 2012, Kuchl/Salzburg, Austria Surface modification of WPC products to improve bonding strength J. Leßlhumer 1, J. Sinic 1,
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DECAHYDRONAPHTHALIN ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MONTMORILLONITE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES
THE EFFECT OF DECAHYDRONAPHTHALIN ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MONTMORILLONITE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE NANOCOMPOSITES A. Yaya, D. Dodoo-Arhin, J. K. Efavi and D. S. Konadu Department of Materials Science
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 51D POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES (September 2010)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 51D POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES (September 2010) This report is an update of our earlier PEP report (PEP Report 51C) on polymer nanocomposites which was published in
More informationTHE 3D VISCOELASTIC SIMULATION OF MULTI-LAYER FLOW INSIDE FILM AND SHEET EXTRUSION DIES
THE 3D VISCOELASTIC SIMULATION OF MULTI-LAYER FLOW INSIDE FILM AND SHEET EXTRUSION DIES Kazuya Yokomizo 1, Makoto Iwamura 2 and Hideki Tomiyama 1 1 The Japan Steel Works, LTD., Hiroshima Research Laboratory,
More informationCorrespondence should be addressed to Alireza Bahramzadeh;
Chemistry Volume 2015, Article ID 819580, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/819580 Research Article Effect of Graphene Nanosheets on the Morphology, Crystallinity, and Thermal and Electrical Properties
More informationMultilayer Rheology Effects in Coextruded Structure Design
2008 Best Paper Multilayer Rheology Effects in Coextruded Structure Design Print (10)» Best Papers» 2009 Best Paper Understanding and Quantification of Die Drool Phenomenon During Polypropylene Extrusion
More informationRheological Characterization of Medical Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
Rheological Characterization of Medical Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Ian Pierson, Emily Chen, Ajay D Padsalgikar Abbott, Rogers, MN Abstract The use of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) in the medical
More informationRheological properties of branched polycarbonate prepared by an ultrasound-assisted intensive mixer
Korea-Australia Rheology Journal Vol. 19, No. 1, March 2007 pp. 1-5 Rheological properties of branched polycarbonate prepared by an ultrasound-assisted intensive mixer Hyungsu Kim*, Hooseok Lee 1 and Jae
More informationRheological properties of wood polymer composites and their role in extrusion
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Rheological properties of wood polymer composites and their role in extrusion To cite this article: I Duretek et al 015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 60 01014
More informationIMPACT PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT SHAPE OF NANOPARTICLES. Robert VALEK a, Jaroslav HELL a
IMPACT PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT SHAPE OF NANOPARTICLES Robert VALEK a, Jaroslav HELL a a SVUM, a. s., Podnikatelska 565, 19 11 Prague, Czech Republic, valek@svum.cz Abstract
More informationInvestigation of Polymer Long Chain Branching on Film Blowing Process Stability by using Variational Principle
Investigation of Polymer Long Chain Branching on Film Blowing Process Stability by using Variational Principle ROMAN KOLARIK a,b and MARTIN ZATLOUKAL a,b a Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute
More informationANALYSIS OF EXTRUSION PROBLEMS WITH FLOW SIMULATION
Compuplast International Inc. 2010 ANALYSIS OF EXTRUSION PROBLEMS WITH FLOW SIMULATION Vijay Kudchadkar Compuplast International Inc. Objectives Demonstrate the application of CAE/CFD/Simulation towards
More informationA FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED PRODUCT DESIGN AND CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES. Qian Gou
A FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED PRODUCT DESIGN AND CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES by Qian Gou A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of
More informationMechanical and Thermoviscoelastic Behavior of Clay/Epoxy Nanocomposites
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 7 23 Materials Research Society I6.5.1 Mechanical and Thermoviscoelastic Behavior of Clay/Epoxy Nanocomposites Jandro L. Abot, Asma Yasmin and Isaac M. Daniel Robert McCormick
More informationFinal Polymer Processing
030319 Final Polymer Processing I) Blow molding is used to produce plastic bottles and a blow molding machine was seen during the Equistar tour. In blow molding a tubular parison is produced by extrusion
More informationFABRICATION OF POLYMER FORM-SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE THERMAL INSULATOR VIA HIGH PRESSURE MIXTURE OF POLYMER/SILICON ALKOXIDE/CARBON DIOXIDE
FABRICATION OF POLYMER FORM-SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE THERMAL INSULATOR VIA HIGH PRESSURE MIXTURE OF POLYMER/SILICON ALKOXIDE/CARBON DIOXIDE S. Yoda a *, M. Ohara a, T. Furuya a, and K. Otake b a Nanosystem
More informationCorrespondence should be addressed to Yong Ho Choa;
Nanomaterials Volume 2016, Article ID 8515103, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8515103 Research Article Significant Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer
More information