Modern Chemistry Chapter 1 Matter and Changes. Sections 2 & 3 Matter and Its Properties Elements

Transcription

1 Modern Chemistry Chapter 1 Matter and Changes Sections 2 & 3 Matter and Its Properties Elements 1

2 Chapter Vocabulary Mass Matter Atom Element Extensive property Intensive property Physical property Physical change Change of state Solid, Liquid, Gas Plasma Chemical property Chemical change Chemical reaction Reactant Product Group Family Period Metal Nonmetal Metalloid 2

3 Section 2 Matter and Its Properties 3

4 Matter and Mass Matter anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Mass - the measure of the amount of matter in an object (gives an object weight and inertial) 4

5 Is it matter? 5

6 SMALLEST PIECE SMALLEST PIECE Basic Building Blocks of Matter The smallest piece that still has the same chemical and physical properties ELEMENT pure substance that is made of one type of atom COMPOUND a substance made from two or more elements that are chemically bonded ATOM MOLECULE 6

7 p. 00 Molecule Models

8 p. 6 Element and Molecule Models

9 Extensive & Intensive Properties Extensive depends on the amount of matter present Example: volume, mass, amount of energy in the substance Intensive doesn t depends on the amount of matter present Example: melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity 10

10 Physical Properties a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance Examples melting point & boiling point state of matter color mass 11

11 Solid States of Matter has a definite volume and definite shape particles are close together in fixed positions particles vibrate 12

12 Liquid States of Matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape particles are close together but can move past each other particles move more than particles in the solid state 14

13 Examples of liquids

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15 Gas States of Matter has neither a definite volume nor definite shape expands to fill the container particles are distant from each other particles move rapidly 18

16 P. 9* Water in Three States Image

17 p. 8* Plasma a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons. States of Matter

18 Physical Changes a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance Examples changes of state separation of mixtures 21

19 Separating Mixtures Video Insert Visualizing Matter Disc 1 for file tv0217.mov and tvo2v18.mov

20 boiling melting Changes of State GAS LIQUID SOLID condensing freezing The substance does not turn into a different compound. 23

21 Chemical Properties a substance s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances Examples ability to burn ability to oxidize 24

22 Chemical Change a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances also know as a chemical reaction can be described with a chemical equation a chemical change does not affect the total amount of matter 25

23 P. 9* Evidence of a Chemical Change

24 Chemical Change carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide reactants product(s) yields 28

25 Physical and Chemical Properties Video Insert Glencoe Disc 1 for file a mov

26 p. 10 Comparison of Chemical and Physical Properties

27 Chemical or Physical Change? Boiling PHYSICAL Snow turning into water Perspiration evaporating PHYSICAL PHYSICAL A sugar substitute decomposing when heated CHEMICAL Sodium metal in contact with chlorine, emitting a bright light and making sodium chloride (salt) CHEMICAL Burning CHEMICAL Grinding PHYSICAL 31

28 Chemical or Physical Change? Making ice cream from sugar and cream Dew forming on plants PHYSICAL PHYSICAL TNT exploding when heated CHEMICAL Tearing PHYSICAL Mixing PHYSICAL Distillation PHYSICAL Dissolving PHYSICAL Electrolysis, breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen CHEMICAL 32

29 Energy and Changes in Matter Energy can be absorbed (endothermic) or released (exothermic) in a chemical or physical change. energy is not created or destroyed in any change 33

30 Energy and Chemical Changes Animation

31 p. 13 Electrolysis of Water Image

32 Make a Concept Map Alloy Compound Element Heterogeneous Homogeneous Matter Mixture Pure Substance Solution 36

33 p. 11 Classification of Matter

34 p. 11* Classification of Matter

35 Classification of Matter Mixture a blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its identity and properties Heterogeneous Mixture mixtures that are not uniform in composition Homogeneous Mixture mixtures that are uniform in composition 39

36 p. 12* Examples of Mixtures

37 Classification of Matter Solution another name for a homogeneous mixture Pure Substance has a fixed composition and exactly the same properties regardless of source 41

38 Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Sodium chloride Sugar water Wood Nitrogen Element or Compound COMPOUND HOMOG. HETEROG. ELEMENT Water COMPOUND Iron ELEMENT Steel HOMOG. Carbon dioxide COMPOUND 44

39 Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Element or Compound Methane COMPOUND Chlorine ELEMENT Ammonia COMPOUND Air HOMOG. Potting Soil HETEROG. Saline Solution HOMOG. Sucrose (sugar) COMPOUND 45

40 p. 14 Laboratory Chemicals and Purity

41 Section 2 Homework Chapter 1 Section 2 Worksheet Properties pages

42 Section 3 Elements Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages

43 The Periodic Table 26 Fe Iron [Ar] 3d 6 4s 2 Atomic Number Symbol Name Average Atomic Mass Electron Configuration Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

44 John Dalton s Symbols of the Elements Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

45 p. 16 Names of the Elements Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

46 Groups and Periods Groups/Families verticals columns of the periodic table similar reactivity elements have similar chemical and physical properties Periods/Series horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table elements do not have similar properties Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages

47 Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

48 p. 17 Regions of the Periodic Table NOBLE GASES Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

49 Metals good electrical conductors good conductor of heat solids at room temperature (except Hg) malleable can be hammered or rolled into sheets ductile can be drawn into fine wires high tensile strength ability to resist breaking when stretched shiny luster Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages

50 p. 18 Gold, Copper & Aluminum Images Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

51 Nonmetals most are gases at room temperature the solids are brittle poor conductor of heat and electricity Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages

52 p. 19 Nonmetal Images (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

53 Metalloids between metals and non metals on the periodic table have characteristics of metals and nonmetals are solids at room temperature semiconductors of electricity Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages

54 Noble Gases Unreactive elements Gases at room temperature Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages 16-20

55 Section 3 Homework Section Review Page 20 # 1-5 Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements pages