Infrared Spectroscopy. By Karli Huber Block 4

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1 Infrared Spectroscopy By Karli Huber Block 4

2 What is this method used for? Both organic and inorganic chemistry find this method useful especially in forms involving industry, research, and discovery. Examples include: quality control, dynamic measurement, and monitoring applications. It deals with the infrared section of the electromagnetic spectrum.

3 Forensic Science Forensic Science has benefited from IR since it isn t destructive and can identify accurately with small and limited samples. (specifically micro) A specific example includes hair fibers.

4 In The Lab Microscopes with IR technology are used in laboratories

5 Other Instruments The spectrophotometer is an instrument which measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength which passes through a medium. Process Diagram- Actual Device- htm

6 What Can Be Analyzed? The following can be analyzed: Hair Fibers Liquids Natural Fibers Synthetic Fibers Paint Chips Alcohol Concentration

7 Example 1: Organic Liquids Obtain two clean salt plates With a pipet, place a drop of the liquid on one plate Put the second plate on top to create a thin film Carefully carry the plates, with gloves, to the IR Place the sample in the V like slot in the instrument Operate the machine and you will now be able to obtain your IR spectrum You now are able to see the pure organic compound s spectrum where it can be compared to other liquids or individually analyzed.

8 Example 2: Hair Fibers IR is used on hair fibers to determine whether the sample could ve came from a known source. Take sample of hair with the length of maybe 100 microns Flatten the fiber onto a clean glass slide The flattened fiber was taken with a tungsten probe and transferred to the bottom KBr salt plate in what is called a micro-compression cell A small crystal of KBr is involved as well A second KBr salt plate is placed on top of the bottom plate The micro-compression cell is then tightened until optical contact is made between the fiber and the plates A background spectrum is obtained through the KBr while a sample spectrum is obtained from the sample

9 Example 3: Normal Fibers Identification of fibers is a big deal in the world of forensic science since they can be linked back to the suspect, the crime scene, etc. Here is how IR comes into play. First the fiber is secured to a metal plate with adhesive tape It is then placed on the sample stage of the IR instrument This will then produce a spectrum to be compared analyzed Can be performed on natural as well as synthetic fibers

10 IR/LUMOS/AN/AN102_LUMOS_identification_fibers_EN.pdf Synthetic Fibers

11 Natural Fibers

12 Example 4: Alcohol Concentration In this process specific wavelengths of infrared energy are absorbed by ethyl alcohol molecules. Through the sample chamber and filter wheel to the detector. The change in response on the detector, as a breath sample is submitted to the sample chamber, is monitored and analyzed by a processor in the instrument. The change in the signal is used to calculate an alcohol concentration... InfraredSpectroscopy.aspx

13 IR Helps In Real Crimes! A 35 year old man from Michigan stabbed his ex girlfriend and her friend. While speeding away in his van he struck and killed a jogger an hour later, but only after striking him for a second time. When captured he plead no contest to killing the first two victims, but denied ever coming in contact with the jogger. With the tiniest chip of paint found on the jogger s clothing, and IR spectroscopy the Michigan State Police along with the MSPFSD were able to link the paint chip to the assailant s specific car, model, year, and color. The culprit was proven guilty for all three murders thanks to IR.

14 Chemical Principles In IR we deal with heat energy. To put it simply heat energy enter the instrument and is absorbed by the molecule(s). The way the molecule reacts, how much energy it absorbs, etc. depends on the structure of the particular molecule. Regardless, less energy leaves the molecule compared to what entered the instrument. (It s cooler.)

15 Hazards with IR IR should be considered a skin and eye hazard to a certain extent. The light and heat from it on skin can cause change in temperature, slight burns, but for the most part undiscovered specific risks. Infrared light like all light can damage eyes when directly exposed.

16 Examples of some issues Below are just a few things that may alter or interfere with an IR investigation: Atmospheric intrusion Contamination of sample Stray Light Diffraction in IR microscopy measurements Particle size

17 Limitations With IR Despite being able to analyze liquids, IR spectrums are hard to obtain with more complex mixtures

18 Advantages vs. Disadvantages

19 Work Cited "APP Note: AN #102." FT-IR Microscopic Identification of Fibers. Billerica: Bruker Optics, Print. Chalmers, John M. "Mid-infrared Spectroscopy: Anomalies, Artifacts and Common Errors." Anomalies, Artifacts, and Common Errors in Using Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques. Nottingham: U of Nottingham. Print. "Infrared Spectroscopy." Case Study. Waltham: PerkinElmer, Print. "Infrared Spectroscopy." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Jan Web. 30 Mar The Dynamic Chemistry E-Textbook. "Infrared: Interpretation." - Chemwiki. Web. 30 Mar Thermo Scientific. Infrared Microspectroscopy in Forensic Science, Hair Fiber Analysis. Vol. App Note: Madison: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Print. University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. "IR Spectroscopy of Liquids." Organic Chemistry. CU Boulder, 1 Jan Web. 30 Mar

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